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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
pharmacology
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the science basic to medicine that is about the effects of chemicals on living systems at all levels of organization (molecular to whole body)
- prevent, diagnose, treat - modify (do not create) physio processes |
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pharmacodynamics
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the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action
- the drug having effects on the body |
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pharmacokinetics
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the absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of drugs
- the body having actions on the drug |
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toxicology
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an aspect of pharmacology that deals with the adverse effects of drugs and chemicals
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Three general mechanisms of drugs
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1. replacement therapy
2. chemical antagonist 3. nonspecific |
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replacement therapy
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- treatment for a deficiency in some essential component of a normally functioning body -- iron, vitamins, neurotransmitter, or a hormone
examples: insulin deficiency in Diabetes Mellitus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) decrease degradation of serotonin |
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pharmacotherapeutics
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the use of drugs in the prevention and treatment of disease
- provide relief of symptoms - alter favorably the course of the disease |
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chemical antagonist
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treatment for the excess action of some normal or essential ingredient of an organism --> causes difficulties
examples: antacids to counteract heartburn produced by gastric acidity - specific (receptors) antagonists to counteract an exogenous substance example: opioid antagonist (naloxone) during heroin overdose |
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nonspecific drugs
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drugs which act simply because of their presence
- specific part of body is altered examples: laxatives and antacids act on the GI tract |
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drug affinity for receptor
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- appropriate size, shape, charge, and atomic composition
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KADME
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Kinetics
Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion |
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components of drug disposition
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absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination/excretion
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disposition rates influence....
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tissue drug concentration
(elimination/excretion rate = greatest influence) |
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therapeutic window
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a relative measure of dose that a drug can achieve a therapeutic effect without producing a side effect
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therapeutic window equation
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ratio of TD50 (toxic dose) to the ED50 (effective dose) for the desired effect
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desirable therapeutic window
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large
- 100 or more |