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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Annulus |
Space between a wells borehole amdntjenoutside of the wells casing. |
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Aquifer |
Underground water bearing strata that are capable of yielding a supply of water to suit a particular demand. |
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Confining Aquifer |
An aquifer with a confining bed above it |
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Unconfined Aquifer |
An aquifer that doesnt have a confining bed above it. |
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Aquifer Capacity |
Max amt of H20 an aquifer can safely yield over a sustained period of time. |
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Borehole |
Hole drilled in the ground by machinery for various intended purposes. |
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Casing of a well |
Steel or plastic pipe installed into a borehole for purposes of obtaining water from an aquifer or water table; used to construct a well that provides secure long term access to water source |
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Commonly used plastic casing materials. |
PVC, CPVC, ABS |
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Slotted casing. |
Casing slotted with a torch or saw yo act as a basic filter. |
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Cone of Depression |
Static level - drawdown |
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Well Drawdown |
The difference between water level in the well is at rest, and water level while pump is on. |
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Cribbing |
Well sidewall reinforcing materials are placed in a well opening to prevent borehole collapse |
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Drive Shoe |
Short section of forged steel open round stock welded or screwed to bottom section of steel well casing to prevent the casing from collapsing as its driven into ground. Seals the surface casing. |
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Drop pipe |
Pipe or pipes in a well that connect downward into a well from the pitiless adapter to a pump, or pump inlet fittings |
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Common drop pipe materials |
Polyethylene series 160 PVC schedule 40 Cvpc schedule 40 Abs schedule 40 |
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Foot valve |
A lift check valve placed on the end of a drop pipe to prevent loss of prime. |
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Groundwater |
Water below ground |
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Grout |
Filling between a casing and borehole. |
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2 types of grout |
Bentonite, Absorbative Clay |
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Pitiless Adapter |
Corrosion resistant fitting installed through casing below frontline, allows a water delivery line. |
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Pumping water level |
Water level in a well that has been determined by a well yield test. |
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Recovery Rate |
Rate at which water flows into a well from its supplying aquifer. LPM or GPM. Aka "Well Capacity" and "Well Yield". |
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Sanitary Well Seal |
Compressive seal made to fit inside top of well casing. Keep it as free as possible of outside contamination. |
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Snare pipe |
Pipe attached tona pitiless adapter to permit the drop pipe or pump to be lifted out of the well. |
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Standing/static water level |
Distance in ft or meters below ground that water sits at in a well when the water has recovered its max height after the well has been developed. |
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Turbidity |
Condition of water that makes it have a cloudy or milky appearance. |
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Water Tabl3 |
Highest level of water in the ground in the zone of groundwater saturation. |
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Well |
Any method of obtaining groundwater by digging to gain substantial and long term access to an aquifer |
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Shallow Well |
Well with a pumping level no deeper than from where water can be lifted using a suction pump. 25 ft. |
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Deep Well |
Deeper than 24 ft |
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Well cap |
Snug fitting cap attached to top of well casing |
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Well Development |
Well driller cleaning material out of an aquifer to allow an aquifer to supply clean water to a well. |
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Well Screen |
Slotted PVC casing, or stainless steel cage used to exclude smaller material from coming into well. |
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Well size |
Diameter of well opening or size of casing or cribbing used to make well. |
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Size of domestic wells |
4", 5" is proffered if using liner pipe |
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Well test |
Test to determine how much water the well has coming into it from the aquifer. Conducted by well driller. |
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Well yield |
Amt of water well is capable of supplying at a given time. Aka recovery rate. |
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Airlocked |
Condition of any pipe, fitting or device with enough accumulated air or gas in it that it restricts water flow. |
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Air volume control |
Float or diaphragm operated device that controls amt of air under atmospheric pressure contained in a standard pressure tank. |
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Casing of a Pump |
Housing that surrounds pump impellers and directs fluid being pumped to and away from pumps impeller. |
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Cistern |
Tank for storing water |
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Contamination |
Material in a water supply that is toxic or capable of causing disease. Makes H20 non potable. |
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Control box |
Combination electrical junction box and pimp control box used with submersible pumps. |
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Dugout |
Surface water and precipitation collection pond for collecting and storing water needed to suit a particular demand. |
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Flow Control Fitting |
Oricife in a submersible pump discharge line that restricts the outlet capacity of a pump to more closely match the pump to amt of H20 available to a well. Aka restrictor. |
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Friction Loss |
Amt of friction a pipe and its fittings have to water flowing through them. |
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Head |
Height in ft or meters that a pump is capable of lifting a fluid. |
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Pressure Switch |
Electrical circuit control switch that reacts by sensing water pressure. Preset usually to 20//40psi or 30/50. Somewhat adjustable but always 20 differential. |
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Pressure Tank |
Airtight tank installed in a water system to accept pressurized water for storage allowing a pump to deliver relatively even water flow. |
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3 types of pressure tanks |
Standard - no sep. Of h20 and air Diaphragm Bladder |
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Diaphragm pump |
Pumps which e plot the alternate squeezing and expanding of a flexible diaphragm 5o impart motion to a fluid |
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Jet pump |
Centrifugal pump with a nozzle and venturi assembly to increase pump efficiency |
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Metering Pump |
Small pump usually used for adding a measured amt of chemical compound to the water. |
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Reciprocating Pump |
Uses a piston, plunger or similar device to displace a given volume of fluid each stroke of the pump. |
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Rotary Pump |
Employs devices such as gears or wheels with slots and rotating segment to move liquid. |
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Submersible pump |
Centrifugal pump meant to run completely submerged in a well. |
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Pump Check Valve |
Lift check valve included at a submersible pump outlet to prevent reverse rotation of pump impellers due to water draining back thru the pump. |
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Tank Tee |
Fitting which attaches a pressure tank to water systems delivery line. Usually has threaded connections suitable for attaching h20 systems pressure controls and measurement devices |
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Torque Arrester |
Centering device placed over pump drop pipe, to keep drop pipe centered in the well |
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How far apart are torque arrestors installed? |
Every 75 or 80 ft. |
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Waterlogged |
Condition of a pressure tank when its lost its air charge and is filled with h20 |
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Water Quality |
Chemical and physical properties of h20, including clarity, turbidity, pH, TDS, hardness, dissolved gasses, taste and odour |
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How should a rural distribution system be sized? |
To accommodate the daily peak demand in a 2 hr period. |
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If a dwelling supplied by a well, and has an interior fire sprinkler system, how much h20 must be stored. |
10 minute supply of H20 |
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How many GPM should an ideal well produce? |
10-15 GPM |
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How much water does a person use per pay? |
60 US gal. Or 230L |
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How much water does a dairy cow use per day? |
24 gal. Or 90 L |
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How much water does one beef cattle use per day? |
14 gal or 55 L |
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What is the typical rule of thumb for sizing sprinkler installs in a residence? |
3/4" pipe supply 1 sprinkler, and 1" pipe supplying 2 sprinklers |
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What % of fresh water on earth is surface water |
5% |
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Cistern construction materials |
Corrosion resistant steel, concrete (plain & coated), fiberglass and polyethylene |
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What must be done if a cistern cant be buried deep enough to keep the water at the top from freezing? |
Must be protected by a layer of insulation, suitable for the application, placed above the tank |
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Why does an externally filled cistern have a separate vent pipe? |
To allow the tank to operate under atm pressure. Tank must vent quickly when water is added, and allow air to enter while water is being used. |
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How should you install a fresh air vent on a cistern? |
With the vent terminal facing the ground, so precipitation cant enter and at a height where weeds and grass wont grow into it. |
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What must you do when installing a fiberglass cistern? |
Place on a firm level surface and secure it. |
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Dugout |
A man made pod constructed to hold surface water or runoff water. |
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How is h20 prevented from seeping away from a dugout? |
By installing a waterproof membrane or clay layering (gleization) |
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Why are ponds not usually used as a water source? |
Often overrun by aquatic life, objectionable growth of water plants and algae |
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Seepage spring |
Where water seeps out sand and gravel |
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Fissure spring |
Water comes from bedding planes, joints, faults or cleavage lines in rock. |
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Tubular spring |
H20 issues from tube like openings in the ground |
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What size are industrial wells commonly drilled? |
6" |
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What size are domestic wells drilled? |
4 or 5" |
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What are the most common type of well? |
Drilled wells |
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How high above ground should a well be finished? |
Min 1 foot |
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What % of drilled wells are made with cable tool or percussion in Alberta? |
40% |
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What % of drilled wells are drilled with rotary drilling rigs? |
60% |
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Driven well |
Useful for short term water supplies. Ex. Sand point |
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What size attachments are made for driven wells? |
1 1/4" thru 2" |
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Bored wells |
Usually limited to surface water collection. Often larger and shallower than most wells. |
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Dug well |
Well dug by hand |
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Jetted well |
Small diameter wells in suitable unconsolidated formations by using water injection method. |
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Why does the amt of h20 needed by hogs vary so greatly? |
Gender, size and lactating status |
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Why is drinking water with no treatment rarely collected from lakes? |
H20 may appear clean, but could be contaminated by animals using watershed for lake. |
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Why are water intakes placed at various levels in a lake? |
To allow collection of the cleanest possible h20 from a lake during seasonal turnover of the lake |
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How are springs classifies into3 different categories? |
By how the water from the spring comes to the grounds surface. |
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When placing an impoundment box over a spring to provide for water collection, how is the spring prepared? |
With as little disturbance as possible to the opening |
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What factors influence h20s ability to dissolve soluable material? |
Solubility of material, time of contact, pH of water, speed of percolation |
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How does a well screen filter material material out of water coming from an unconsolidated aquifer? |
Screen relies on bridging of larger material near screen to filter fine material |
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What is well development? |
Cleaning of an aquifer by a drill rig to ensure the well water is as clean as possible |
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How are wells generally sorted as to their type? |
By the type of eqpt used to make them |