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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is data
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raw facts, such as an employee's name and number of hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers, or sales orders
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Information
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collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves
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Information system
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a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective
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input
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activity of gathering and capturing raw data
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processing
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converting or transforming data into useful outputs
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output
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production of useful info, usually in the form of documents and reports
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feedback
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output that is used to make changes to input or processing activities
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forecasting
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predicting future events to avoid problems
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CBIS
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consists of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store and process data into information
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computer-based information system
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What is CBIS
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hardware
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computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities
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software
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the computer programs that govern the operation of the computer
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database
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an organized collection of facts and information
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telecommunications
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the electronic transmission of signals for communications; enables organizations to carry out their processes and tasks through effective computer networks
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networks
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connected computers and computer equipment in a building, around the country or around the world to enable electronic communications`
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Internet
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the worlds largest computer network, actually consisting of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information
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intranet
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an internal network based on Web technologies that allows people within an organization to exchange info and work on projects
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extranet
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a network based on Web technologies that allows selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of the intranet of a company
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The components of CBIS
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hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, procedures
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What is an information system
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collect (input), manipulate(process), and disseminate (output)and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective
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procedures
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the strategies, policies, methods and rules for using a CBIS
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e-commerce
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involves any business transaction executed electronically between parties such as companies(bus to bus), companies and consumers, consumers to consumers, bus and public or consumer and public
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transaction
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any business related exchange such as payments to employees, sales to customers and payments to suppliers
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TPS
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transaction processing system
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TPS
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an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to process completed business transactions
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ERP
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Enterprise Resource planning
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ERP
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a set of integrated programs that is capable of managing a company's vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization
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MIS
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an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to provide routine info to managers and decision makers
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DSS
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Decision support system
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DSS
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an organized collection of people, procedures, softwaredatabases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making
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artificial intelligence
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a field in which the computer system takes on the characteristics of human intelligence
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expert system
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a system that gives a computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert in a particular field.
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virtual reality
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Originally the term referred to immersive reality which means the user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, three dimensional world that is completely generated by a computer
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systems development
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the activity of creating or modifying existing business systems
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organization
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a formal collection of people and other resources established to accomplish a set of goals
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value chain
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a series of activities that includes inbound logistics, warehouse and storage, production, finished product storage, outbound logistics, marketing and sales and customer service
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technology diffusion
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a measure of how widely technology is spread throughout the organization
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technology infusion
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the extent to which technology is deeply integrated into an area or dept
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TAM
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technology acceptance model
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TAM
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description of the factors that can lead to higher acceptance and usage of technology in an organization, including the perceived usefulness of the technology, the ease of its use, the quality of the info system and the degree to which the organization supports the use of the info system
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five-force model
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a widely accepted model that identifies five key factors that can lead to attainment of competitive advantage
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Name the five forces according to Porter
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rivalry among existing competitors, the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitute products and services, the bargaining power of buyers and the bargaining power of suppliers
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How do you attain competitive advantage according to Porter
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alter industry structure,
create new products and services, improve existing product lines and services |
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First stage of IS was oriented toward?
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cost reduction and productivity
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2nd stage of IS
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Defined by Porter, oriented toward gaining a competitive advantage
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current stage of IS
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shift toward performance based management using productivity, return on investment, net present value and other performance measures
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quality
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ability of a product or service to meet or exceed customer experience
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productivity=
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output/input x100%
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ROI
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return on investment
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ROI
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one measure of IS value that investigates the additional profits or benefits that are generated as a percentage of the investment in information systems technology
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TCO
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total cost of ownership
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TCO
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measurement of the total cost of owning computer equipment, including desktop computers, networks and large computers
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Operations focuses on
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Efficiency rather than effectiveness
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3 primary responsibilities of IS
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operations
systems development support |
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focus of systems analysts
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achieve and maintain information system effectiveness
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Information center
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support function that provides users with assistance, training, application development, documentation, equipment selection and setup , standards, technical assistance and troubleshooting
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certification
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process for testing skills and knowledge that results in a statement by the certifying authority that says an individual is capable of performing a particular kind of job
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information is data transformed into
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meaningful form
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The process of defining relationships between data requires
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knowledge
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________is an awareness and understanding of a set of information and how that info can be made useful to support a specific task.
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Knowledge
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To be valuable ____________must have several characteristics: it should be accurate, complete, economical to produce, flexible, reliable, relevant, simple to understand, timely, verifiable, accessible, and secure
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information
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The value of _________ is directly linked to how it helps people achieve their organization's goals
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information
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_________ ________ are sets of interrelated elements that collect, manipulate and store and disseminate data and information.
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Information systems
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______is the activity of capturing and gathering new data.
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Input
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____________involves converting or transforming data into useful outputs
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processing
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__________involves producing useful information
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output
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________ is the output that is used to make adjustments or changes to input or processing activities
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feedback
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Components of _________ include hardware, software, databases, telecommunications and networks, people, and procedures
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computer-based information systems
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The value of ________ is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization's _______
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information; goals
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Types of Information Systems can be classified into four basic groups
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e-commerce
TPS (transaction processing systems) MIS and DSS (management info systems and decision support systems) Special-purpose business information systems |
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Fastest growing segment of e-commerce
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business-to-business transactions
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The most fundamental IS is the______ ______`
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transaction processing system
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order processing, purchasing, accounting and related systems are all part of ______ __________ _________
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transaction processing system
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____ _____ _____ is a set of integrated programs that is capable of managing a company's vital business operations for an entire multi-site, global organization
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Enterprise resource planning system
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____ ___ ____ systems provide integrated software to support the manufacturing and finance business functions of an organization
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ERP
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MIS uses the info from a ____ to generate useful info for management decision making. the focus of MIS is primarily on
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TPS, operational efficiency
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DSS
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Decision support system
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Organized collection of people, procedures, databases and devices used to support problem-specific decision making
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DSS
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Dss differs from MIS because of support given to users, development and approach, system components, speed output and the emphasis is on______
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decisions
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Artificial intelligence systems, expert systems, virtual reality systems and other specialized info systems are called
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special-purpose business information systems
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designed to act as an expert consultant to a user who is seeking advice about a specific situation
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Expert system (ES)
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Gain a clear understanding of what the problem is
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systems investigation
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define what the system must do to solve the problem
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systems analysis
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determine exactly how the system will work to meet the business needs
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systems design
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create or acquire the various systems components defined in the design step
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implementation`
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maintain and then modify the system so that it continues to meet changing business needs
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maintenance and review
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Formal collection of people and various other resources established to accomplish a set of goals
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organization
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______ processes increase the relative worth of the combined inputs on their way to becoming final outputs of the organization
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value-added
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Because _______ _____ are designed to improve productivity, methods for measuring the system's impact on productivity should be devised
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information systems
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There are three ways to measure the extent to which technology is used throughout the organization
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Technology diffusion, infusion and acceptance
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Technology _____ is a measure of how widely technology is in place throughout an organization
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diffusion
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Technology __ is the extent to which technology permeates an area or department
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infusion
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Technology _____ ______ investigates factors, such as perceived uefulness of the technology, ease of use of the technology , quality of the IS and degree to which the organization supports the use of the IS to predict information system usage and performance.
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acceptance model
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TAM
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Technology acceptance model
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_____ ______ is usually embodied in either a product or a service that has the most added value to consumers and that is unavailable from the competition or in an internal system that delivers benefits to a firm not enjoyed by its competition.
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Competitive advantage
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Strategies for achieving competitive advantage include
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enhancing existing products or services, develop new ones, change existing industry or create a new one.
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Key element for most organizations
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develop IS that measure and control productivity
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2 useful measure of productivity
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ROI-Return on investment
TCO-Total cost ownership |
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Role is to employ an IS department's equipment and personnel in a manner that will help the organization attain its goals
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CIO or Chief information officer
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determine what outputs they need from the system and construct the plans for developing the necessary programs that produce these outputs
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systems analysts
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Work with one or more programmers to make sure that the appropriate programs are purchase, modified from existing programs or developed
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systems analysts
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use the plans developed by the systems analyst to develop or adapt one or more computer programs that produce the desired outputs
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computer programmer
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Responsible for starting, stopping and correctly operating mainframe systems, networks, tape drives, disk devices, printers and so on
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computer operators
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set up and manage the network hardware, software and security processes
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LAN administrators
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In addition to technical skills, ___ ____ personnel also need skills in written and verbal communication, an understanding of organizations and the way they operate, and the ability to work with people(users)
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information systems
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These people are charged with the maintaining the broadest enterprisewide perspective
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Information systems personnel
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computer programs that govern the operation of a computer system are called
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software
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____ involves creating or acquiring the various system components defined in the design step, assembling them and putting the new system into operation
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Systems implementation
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Involved in helping users determine what outputs they need and constructing the plans needed to produce these outputs
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systems analyst
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Use of information systems to add value to the organization can also give an organization a
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competitive advantage
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