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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Globalization
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multiple processes by which people in one society become culturally, economically, politically, strategically, and ecologically closer to people in geographically distant societies
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Global Capitalism
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A particular form of social and economic relations connecting national economies
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Autarky
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Self sufficiency
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Zero-Sum Game
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A situation in where ones gain translates into another's loss
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Liberalism
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Economic interaction based upon voluntary exchange in a market setting
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Atlantic Economy
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The political economies of Western and Southern Europe, North America, Australia, and Japan
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Positive vs Normative Theory
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The IS vs the OUGHT
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Validity
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How accurately the model reflects the actual relationship
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Scarcity
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generates the conditions for competition, cooperation, and conflict over the distribution of resources and opportunity - one of the three main assumptions
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Political Survival
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Political actors and government actors want to survive to stay in office, or power and will act in order to do so. They do have their own views and opinions but will often compromise them to survive - one of the three main assumptions
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Rationality
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People behave and make choices AS IF they were rational - one of the three main assumptions
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Methodological Individualism
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The claim that individuals, not large units of aggregation like nations, make choices
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Completeness
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Establishes that two alternatives are comparable and can be placed in a hierarchy
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Indifference
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An individual is indifferent between alternatives
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Transitivity
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Establishes that more than two alternatives are comparable and can be placed in a hierarchy
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Dominant Strategy
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One she would select regardless of what the other player does
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Stable Equilibrium
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Neither player can improve her pay off by unilaterally selecting another choice
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Equilibrium
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A situation in which activity has stopped; no more switching of strategies
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Game Theory
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The systematic study of rational choice in strategic settings
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Backwards Induction
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If we assume people operate rationally, we can look at a decision situation and work backward to try and understand the rational calculations that could lead to the decision under examination.
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Characteristics of a State
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-Legal entity which can undertake and accept legal commitments such as treaties via representative authority or government
-has a defined geographic territory -has a population that inhibits its geographic territory -has a government to represent some component of the people who inhibit its territory |
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Functional Equality
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Governments and their societies do not take advantage of specialization in the international arena in terms of the activities of government
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Economies of Scale
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Occur with the concentration of resources in that production - producing more of a commodity may be more efficient due to the aggregation of activities and resources that are required to produce it
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Economies of Knowledge
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Occur with gains from learning about how to produce a product - the more we do something, the better and more efficient we be become at doing it
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Efficiency
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A statement about how much is produced for a fixed amount of labor
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Interdependence
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Connections across nations
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National Policy Autonomy
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Production of political commodities for local consupmtion
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Characteristics of a Nation
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- A form of collective identity or community identification based on some common or shared knowledge
- A nation is a grouping but not all groupings are nations - Most people self identify their attachment to a group called nation - Individuals may have hierarchy's of group identification making it possible to rank our group associations in terms of their importance of our individual identities - nation is one of the few identities that large numbers of people are willing to kill and die for - not necessarily tied to physical geography - states can exist without nations |
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Origins of the State System
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Empire and Fragmentation
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Empire
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Encompasses far more territory under a single political entity than does a state
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Treaty of Westphalia
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Ended the 30 Years War; established who had authority to determine the religion of a territory which was the King of Sovereign leader
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Westphalian State System
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Principle of each states sovereignty within its territorial boundaries
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Sovereignty
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Principle that the government of a state, and by definition of a territory, is the supreme, legitimate authority within its territorial boundaries. No State can exercise legitimate authority within another states boundaries.
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Anarchy
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Condition of a state where life is solitary, poor, brutish, and short in the absence of of a ruling body. International affairs can be described as in anarchy because of the lack of an international government of hierarchy
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Self-Help System
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Governments must rely on their own capabilities and tools to obtain their preferred ends
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Realpolitik / Realism
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Reliance of government on their own means rather than on international treaties and law. This is a self-help strategy for constructing public policies to address a world of what is, not a world of what ought to be
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