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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What is self?
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This is a symbolic construct which reflects our consciousness of our own identity.
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What is self-awareness?
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This is a psychological state in which people are aware of their traits,
feelings and behavior. Alternatively, it can be defined as the realization of oneself as an individual entity. |
Lewis & Brooks (1978) put a spot of rouge on babies, put in front of a mirror. 9-12 month-old babies treated own image as another child. Around 18 months, recognized self.
Associated Concept: anterior cingulate (in prefrontal cortex) |
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What is private self-awareness?
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This is when an individual temporarily becomes aware of
private, personal aspects of the self. |
Consequences on behavior: (1) intensified emotional response; (2) clarification of knowledge; (3) more likely to adhere to personal standards of behavior
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What is public self-awareness?
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This arises when a person is aware of public aspects of themselves
that can be seen and evaluated by others. |
Consequences on behavior: (1) evaluation apprehension; (2) loss of self-esteem; (3) adherence to social standards of behavior
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What is self-consciouness?
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This is a chronic state of heightened self-awareness.
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Privately self-conscious: (1) more intense emotions; (2) more likely to remain true to personal beliefs; (3) more accurate self-perceptions; (4) more likely to pay attention to physiological state; (5) tendency to suffer depression and neuroticism.
Publically self-consciousness: (1) more likely to adhere to group norms; (2) more likely to avoid embarrassing situations; (3) concerned with own physical appearance; (4) more likely to judge others based on their physical appearance. |
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What are schemas?
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These are cognitive structures that represent the knowledge we have about a
particular concept or type of stimulus. |
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What is a self-schema?
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This reflects how we expect ourselves to think, feel and behave in a particular
situation. |
Self-schemas become active in relevant situations and provide us with information regarding how – based on our
beliefs of who we are – we should respond. |
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What are the theories of self-comparison?
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These theories argue that when people are self-aware, they can think about whether they are the sort of person they want to be or whether there are ways in which they would like to change.
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Carver & Schier's (1981, 1998) control theory of self-regulation: cognitive feedback loop [Test, Operate, Test, Exit]
Higgins's (1987) self-discrepancy theory: emotional response to discrepancies between actual and ideal self |
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What are the theories of individual comparison?
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These theories argue that we learn about the self by comparing ourselves with other individuals.
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Festinger's (1954) social comparison theory argues that beliefs, feelings, and behaviors are subjective; they are, in isolation, simply the product of our own ruminations.
Tesser's (1988) self-concept maintenance model reveals how individuals respond to another person's success: (1) social reflection [if irrelevant and certain], (2) upward social comparison |
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What are the strategies used to maintain self-esteem in the face of upward comparison?
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