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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What term did Oprah Winfrey normalize? |
Vajayjay |
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What does the book I'll Show You Mine contain? |
Personal stories about 60 women and life-size, close-up, color photos of their vulvas |
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What does the book Petals contain? |
48 black and white photographs of vulvas. |
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Venus was the Roman goddess of what? |
Love and beauty. |
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In the 90s, removing pubic hair was primarily the practice of who? |
Porn stars and exotic dancers. |
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In the 90s Western World, what were body piercings associated with? |
Exotic, faraway peoples seen in National Geographic. |
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Why do some women contemplate labiaplasty? |
In order to make their vulvas look like those of porn stars. |
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What can aesthetic ideals for the vulva do to women? |
Contribute to their negative feelings about their vulvas. |
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Genital dissatisfaction is connected with what? |
Genital self-consciousness and less sexual satisfaction experienced during sexual intimacy. |
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What is the labia minora? |
The inner lips of the vulva, one on each side of the vaginal opening. |
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What is The Great Wall of Vagina? |
A 30 foot long sculpture consisting of 400 casts of vulvas made from real women, ages 18 to 64. |
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Crura is Latin for what? |
Legs. |
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How many girls undergo one of several types of genital cutting each year? |
2 million girls and women in more than 40 countries. |
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How many women and girls now living have experienced genital cutting? |
Between 100 million and 140 million. |
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Female genital cutting is still practiced where despite a constitutional ban? |
Ethiopia. |
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What percentage of women who have undergone genital cutting die from childbirth complications? |
50% more than women who have not been cut. |
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What is one of Sudan's most vile insults? |
The son of an uncircumcised mother. |
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Young girls may experience genital cutting where? |
Aftica and the Middle East. |
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What makes female genital cutting and labiaplasty similar? |
Both are done to conform to a cultural ideal of appearance, to transcend shameful feelings about their genitals, and to feel acceptably feminine and to be desirable to sexual partners. |
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Why might Western women be considered more oppressed than women who undergo genital cutting as children? |
Western women have to pay to have their genitals altered, but risk scrutiny if they go unaltered. |
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What percentage of married women have experienced FGC in Egypt? |
97%. |
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What does vestibule mean in terms of architecture? |
The entryway of a house. |
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What is hymenalplasty? |
Surgical reconstruction of the hymen. |
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What are the vestibular bulbs? |
Two bulbs, one in each side of the vaginal opening, that engorge with blood during sexual arousal. |
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What are Bartholin's glands? |
Two small glands slightly inside the vaginal opening that secrete a few drops of fluid during sexual arousal. |
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What are the cavernous bodies? |
Two small spongy structures. |
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What do Bartholin's glands do? |
Produce a drop or two of fluid just before orgasm. |
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Why do women who have recently given birth commonly lose urine when they cough or sneeze? |
Excessive stretching and tearing of perineal muscles during childbirth. |
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Women are more likely to be aware of vaginal contractions at orgasm during manual clitoral stimulation than during what? |
Intercourse. |
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The seminal fluid of the male helps do what? |
Alkalinize the vagina. |
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What is douching? |
Rinsing out the inside of the vagina. |
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What has advertising done to our cultural negativity about female sexual organs? |
Turned it into an extremely profitable business. |
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How much do women in the United States spend each year on over the counter douches? |
Millions of dollars. |
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What does anteflexed mean? |
Tipped forward toward the abdomen. |
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What does retroflexed mean? |
Tipped back toward the spine. |
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What is a zygote? |
United sperm and egg. |
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How long are the fallopian tubes? |
4 inches. |
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How big are the ovaries? |
Size and shape of almonds. |
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How many ova are destined for full maturation during a woman's reproductive years? |
400. |
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What are fallopian tubes? |
Two tubes, extending from the sides of the uterus, in which the egg and sperm travel. |
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What does shedding blood symbolize in South Africa? |
The transformation into adulthood. |
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What is an East Indian description of menstruation? |
The flower growing in the house of the god of love. |
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What is one aspect of the menstrual cycle that people often see as positive? |
Its cyclic pattern. |
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Average menarche is earlier where? |
Lower altitudes. |
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What is the average age of menarche for girls born after the 80s? |
12.4 years of age. |
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What percentage of girls who are currently 6 to 11 years old are overweight? |
16% |
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Mittelschmerz is German for what? |
Middle pain. |
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FSH is what? |
Follicle-stimulating hormone. |
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LH is what? |
Luteinizing hormone. |
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If two ova are fertilized, what happens? |
Nonidentical twins will develop. |
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If one egg is fertilized and then divides into two separate zygotes, what happens? |
Identical twins result. |
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What are two hormones that affect the ovaries? |
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). |
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What is the corpus luteum? |
The portion of the follicle that remains after the matured egg has been released. |
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What do lap dancers earn when ovulating? |
$70 per hour. |
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What do lap dancers on the pill earn compared do dancers not on the pill? |
$37 per hour with pill, $53 per hour without. |
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What is PMS short for? |
Premenstrual syndrome. |
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How many premenstrual symptoms are listed in medical and research literature? |
200. |
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Where do fat layers become slightly thicker before menstruation? |
In the waist and thighs. |
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What percentage of women experience mild discomfort premenstrually? |
80-95% |
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What percentage of women have symptoms severe enough for a diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)? |
Five percent. |
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What percentage of adolescents experience some degree of dysmenorrhea? |
67% |
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What are the two types of amenorrhea? |
Primary and secondary. |
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When was the first report of toxic shock syndrome published? |
May 1980. |
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What product has been removed from the market since the 80s? |
Highly absorbent tampons. |
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What has been suggested as a way to avoid toxic shock? |
Using sanity napkins instead of tampons. |
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What is TSS? |
Toxic shock syndrome. |
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What age do the ovaries begin to slow the production of estrogen? |
40 years of age. |
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What percentage of women experience a change in menstrual patterns and sexual response during premenopause? |
90% |
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At age 40, a woman's level of what is half what it was when she was 20 years old? |
Circulating testosterone. |
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What is menopause? |
One of the events of the female climacteric, is the permanent cessation of menstruation. |
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What percentage of women reach menopause by age 45? |
10% |
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What are perfluorocarbons? |
Man-made chemicals used in many household products. |
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What percentage of women experience hot flashes? |
75% |
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What is HT? |
Hormone therapy. |
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What is CEE? |
Conjugated equine estrogen. |
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Why is CEE opposed? |
The treatment of the mares and foals endure in order for the urine to be harvested. |
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A 12-year French study of almost 100,000 women found what? |
Those who used estrogen and a bioidentical progesterone that is unavailable in the United States experienced no significant increase in breast cancer compared to women who never took any menopausal hormones. |
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What can cause unpleasant odors? |
Forgotten tampons or diaphragms. |
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What does nylon underwear do? |
Holds in heat and moisture that encourage bacterial growth. |
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How much has the death rate from cervical cancer decreased in the United States since 1941? |
75% |
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What percentage of women across the developing works survive cervical cancer? |
41% |
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How many women in the developing world die of cervical cancer in a year? |
250,000 women |
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What does the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommend? |
Women should have their first Pap smear at age 21 and have subsequent screenings every 3 years until age 30 and every 5 years between the ages of 30 and 65, depending on their health-care providers recommendations. |
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What percentage of women have advanced ovarian cancer by the time it is diagnosed? |
80% |
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How many women in the United States have hysterectomies a year? |
600,000 |
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What percentage of women have a hysterectomy by age 65? |
33% |
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What are secondary sex characteristics? |
Physical characteristics other than genitals that distinguish males from females. |
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In 2008, how many women in the United States had cosmetic breast implant surgery? |
Over 355,600. |
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Increasing numbers of young women have been receiving breast augmentation since when? |
1980s. |
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What percentage of women with breast implants experience side effects? |
73% |
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What percentage of breast lumps are found by women themselves? |
Ninety percent. |
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What percentage of women can develop breast cancer from flaws in a gene? |
5-10% |
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How many types of lumps are there in breasts? |
Three. |
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What are the two most common breast lumps? |
Cysts, which are fluid filled sacks, and fibroadenomas, which are solid, rounded tumors. |
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What is a malignant tumor? |
A tumor made up of cancerous cells. |
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In one year, breast cancer kills how many U.S. women and how many women worldwide? |
40,000 U.S. women and 500,000 women worldwide. |
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Cancers that occur in young women are often what? |
More aggressive and result in a higher mortality rate. |
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In 2010, how many men had breast cancer? How many fatal cases? |
2,000 men. Fatal for 390. |
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What percentage of breast cancers in postmenopausal women may be prevented by lifestyle factors? |
40% |
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What is a lumpectomy? |
Surgical removal of the lump and small amounts of surrounding tissue only. |
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What is a mastectomy? |
Surgical removal of all or part of the breast. |
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What percentage of women who have had breast cancer experience sexual problems resulting from the physical effects of chemotherapy, radiation, and hormone therapy? |
50% |
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In 2002, how many women in the United States had implants following mastectomy? |
About 70,000. |
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In 1974, who were the first public figures to openly discuss their breast cancer and mastectomies? |
Betty Ford and Happy Rockefeller. |
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Pornography has influenced some women to do what? |
Surgically alter their vulvas. |
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Genital self-exploration is a good way for a woman to do what? |
Learn about her body and to notice any changes that may require medical attention. |
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The mons veneris and labia majora have underlying pads of what? |
Fatty tissue. |
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The labia minora are what? |
Folds of sensitive skin that begin at the hood over the clitoris and extend downward to below the vaginal opening. |
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The clitoris is composed of what? |
The external glans and shaft and the internal crura. |
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The urethral opening is located where? |
Between the clitoris and the vaginal introitus. |
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Many cultures have placed great importance on what? |
The hymen as proof of virginity. |
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Below the surface of the vulva are what? |
The vestibular bulbs and the pelvic floor muscles. |
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How far does the vagina extend into the pelvic captivity? |
3 to 5 inches. |
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What are kegel exercises? |
Voluntary contractions of the vaginal muscles. |
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What is vaginal lubrication important for? |
Enhancing the longevity and motility of sperm cells and increasing pleasure and comfort of intercourse. |
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The Grafenberg spot occupies how much space? |
1 centimeter along the surface of the top wall of the vagina. |
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The vaginal walls and cervix produce what? |
Normal secretions? |
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The menstrual cycle results from what? |
A complex interplay of hormones. |
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Some women have difficulties with what? |
PMS, PMDD, or primary or secondary dysmenorrhea. |
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Amenorrhea occurs normally when? |
During pregnancy, while breast feeding, and after menopause. |
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Menopause signals what? |
The end of female fertility. |
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Hormone therapy is a medical treatment for what? |
Menopausal symptoms. |
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A vaginal infection results in what? |
Irritation, unusual discharge, or a disagreeable odor. |
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The Pap smear has significantly reduced what? |
Deaths of cervical cancer. |
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There is considerable medical controversy about what? |
The appropriate use of hysterectomy. |
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What are the breasts composed of? |
Fatty tissue and milk-producing glands. |
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What are the three types of lumps that can appear in breasts? |
Cysts, fibroadenomas, and malignant tumors. |