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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Eating a heavy metal, coming down with strep throat, beginning a new college semester are all...
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Stressors
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Innate immunity includes
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Skin and Mucous membranes, Phagocytes and the Complement system.
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Anti-bodies and Immune cells
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Are Specific immunity
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Alarm Phase
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Phase of General Adaptation Syndrome the dumps large amounts of Epinephrine into the system>
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Melanocytes
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Produce dark pigments to absorb light
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T/F Oil glands are located everywhere on the skin including face and lips
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False
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The complement system
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Is the chemical defense that destroys bacteria
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Humoral immunity employs...
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T cells, B cells, and antibodies
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Special immunity requires cells to demonstrate...
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Specificity, memory, and self recognition
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The helper T cell
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Binds and clones, then amplifies the signal from antigens, then stimulates the B cell to produce Antibodies.
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Pandemic
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Worldwide
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Epidemic
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Localized
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Epidemiologist use cohort studies to
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estimate the likelihood of infection among a group of individuals.
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W.H.O.
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World Health Organization
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The only viral disease successfully eradicated
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Small pox
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Type of bacteria found in long chains of spherical organisms
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Streptococcus
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MRSA is particularly challenging to the medical professions because
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1) Derived from bacterium normally developed on our skin
2) Shows resistance to many know antibiotics 3) Found in Hospitals and ER's |
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Viruses are not controlled by
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Antibiotics
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The Flu vaccine is constantly reviewed and reformulated because
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W.H.O has no idea which flu strain will cause the next epidemic
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HIV attaches to
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The Helper T cell
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Characteristics of cancer cells
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1) Unlimited replication potential
2) No differentiation 3) Deleted, duplicated, or otherwise mutated DNA |
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Malignant tumors are
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Cancerous
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Benign Tumors are
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Non cancerous
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Proto-oncogenes
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Cancer causing genes that undergo mutations referred to as Gain of function mutations
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Cancer causes
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Heredity, environment, and diet
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BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are both
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1) Involved in breast cancer
2) Tumor suppressor genes 3) Carried in every cell of the body |
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Most prevalent environmental cancer causing agents.
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Radiation And Chemicals.
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Lymphoma, cervical cancers and Kaposi's sarcoma are caused by
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Viruses
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Vitamin C aids in cancer prevention by
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Removing Free radicals
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Leukemia is cancer of
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Connective tissue
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MRI's are most effective in finding tumors with in the
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Connective and muscular tissues
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Immunotherapy Compounds
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1) Interleukin 2
2) Interferon 3) Tumor necrosis factor |
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Function of the upper respiratory system
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Warm incoming air
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Order:
The structures of the lower respiratory tract |
Trachea > Bronchi > Bronchioles > Respiratory Brochioles
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Side effects of respiratory tubes getting smaller and smaller.
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1) Cartilage support lessens
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BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are both
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1) Involved in breast cancer
2) Tumor suppressor genes 3) Carried in every cell of the body |
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Most prevalent environmental cancer causing agents.
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Radiation And Chemicals.
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Lymphoma, cervical cancers and Kaposi's sarcoma are caused by
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Viruses
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Vitamin C aids in cancer prevention by
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Removing Free radicals
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Leukemia is cancer of
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Connective tissue
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MRI's are most effective in finding tumors with in the
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Connective and muscular tissues
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Immunotherapy Compounds
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1) Interleukin 2
2) Interferon 3) Tumor necrosis factor |
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Function of the upper respiratory system
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Warm incoming air
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Order:
The structures of the lower respiratory tract |
Trachea > Bronchi > Bronchioles > Respiratory Brochioles
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Side effects of respiratory tubes getting smaller and smaller.
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1) Cartilage support lessens
2) The portion of smooth muscle increases 3) The surface area of the respiratory system increases |
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During inspiration the diaphragm ________, __________ the volume of the thoracic cavity.
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Relaxes, Increasing
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Internal Respiration
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The movement of oxygen from the blood into the tissue
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Carbon Dioxide moves from the tissues of the body into the blood because
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The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is lower in the blood
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Hemoglobin binds oxygen more tightly when oxygen concentrations are ______and PH is _______.
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High, High
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Oxygen is carried on the
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Iron portion of the hemoglobin molecule.
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Bronchitis is a
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constrictive disease
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Tuberculosis is caused by
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Bacteria
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Macronutrients
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Carbohydrates
Lipids Proteins |
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Micronutrients
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Vitamins
Minerals |
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Our bodies best source of energy
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CARBOHYDRATES
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LDL is a lipid containing________ Protein and ________cholesterol than HDL
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Less, More
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Complete Proteins include
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1) All essential and non essential amino acids
2) Are found in animal flesh 3) Can be obtained from certain vegetables |
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Fat-soluble vitamins
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A,D,E
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First step in Cellular respiration
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Glycolysis; converts one glucose into two pyruvate, releases a net of two ATP
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Anorexia
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Severe under-eating
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Maintaining healthy weight requires
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Monitoring calorie intake
Regulating energy output |
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Food poisoning from poorly prepared chicken in spread through
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CAMPYLOBACTER
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Bio-Magnification can be a problem when
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eating top level predators from a polluted environment.
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Order:
Layers of the GI tract |
Serosa > Muscularis > Sub-mucosa > Mucosa
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The muscularis of the GI tract is responsible for
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creating the peristaltic wave
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Grinding and crushing is the job of our
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Pre-molars
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T/F the liver if an immune defense
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False
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Digestive enzymes are produced by the
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Pancreas
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Most stomach ulcers are caused by
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Spiral bacterium
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The cephalic phase of digestion is initiated simply by
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Smell
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The most common viral liver disease in the US
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Hepatitis C
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Parts of the large intestine
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Cecum
Vermiform appendix |
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Pepsin functions at a ph
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higher then & other function @ 7
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T/F the production of urine is not a specific function of the urinary system
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True
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Order:
Blood vessel Sequence |
Renal artery > Afferent > Efferent > Peritubular capillaries > Renal Vein
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Glucose and Water are return to the blood stream at the
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PCT
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These are formed when calcium rich food are consumed
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Stones
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Urethra is for urine only in
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Females
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Urine and sperm are carried in the ______of males.
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Urethra
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Dilute urine is produced when
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ADH is absent
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Aldosterone is secreted when
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too much water is consumed
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Substances that can cause dilute urine
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Caffeine and alcohol
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The compound most important in driving respiration rates and depth of breathing is
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Carbon dioxide
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Urinalysis can detect
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Vitamins
Drug Kidney disorders |
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T/F Urinalysis can detect viral infections
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False
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