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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Articulation disorders
Cleft lip/ palate |
elongated opening.
occurs on one or both sides. involves lip, palate, combinations. |
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Cleft Lip/ palate classifications
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Unilateral incomplete
Unilateral complete Bilateral incomplete bilateral complete |
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Causes of Cleft Lip/ Palate
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Unsure.
Maternal diet, medications, radiation, rubella, stress, genetic. |
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Developmental issues with Cleft Lip/ Palate
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Feeding problems/ air pressure, feeding time, limited food intake, choking, nasal regurgitation, poor weight gain.
Middle ear disease, psychological issues, slower language and articulation development. |
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Articulation disorders.
Developmental dysarthria. |
Abnormal facial muscle tonus
Low tone- drooping, drooling High tone- taut/ grimaces Difficulty with rapid speech and non- speech. |
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Articulation discorder
Developmental apraxia |
Defecit in programming, combining, sequencing of speech elements.
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Articulation disorder
Hearing loss |
Artic delay due to infections/ temporal hearing loss.
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Cerebral Palsy
What is it? |
Brain abnormality of motor system
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Classifications of Cerebral palsy
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Neuromotor-
Spasticity- too much tone Athetotis- involuntary contractions Mixed Ataxia- incoordination/ lack of balance |
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Articulation Evaluation
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interview, audiometric testing, oral motor assesment, articulation test
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Disorders of fluency
Stuttering |
Syllable repitition, sound repitition, sound prolongations, sound blocks, non speech behaviors
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Theories of stuttering
Diagnostic theory |
normal disfluencies are labeled as stuttering
parent creates an environment that the difference is a handicap. stuttering begins not in childs mouth, but in parents ears |
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Theories of stuttering
Psychological Theories |
stuttering is a mechanism to repress unwanted feelings
psychotherapy to uncover hidden feelings rather than direct therapy for stuttering |
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theories of suttering
neurological theories |
neither side of the brain is dominant in controlling motor speech
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Theories of suttering
motor theories |
abnormal airway pilation reflex (APR)
-discoordination b/w phonation and breathing. Laryngeal stress |
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Theories of stuttering
Focus of contemporary research |
relationship b/w stuttering and CNS
Stuttering and brain functions |
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Classifications of this Articulation disorder:
Unilateral complete, bilateral complete, unilateral incomplete, bilateral incomplete. |
Cleft/ Lip Palate
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Characteristics of this articulation disorder:
Elongated opening, failure of parts to fuse/ merge Occurs on one or both sides |
Cleft Lip/ Palate
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Causes of this articulation disorder:
Maternal diet, medications, radiation, rubelle, stress, genetics. |
Cleft Lip/ Palate
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Effects on speech of this articulation disorder:
Slower language and articulation development. |
Cleft Lip/ Palate
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Characteristics of this articulation disorder:
Low tone: Drooping, drooling High tone: taut/ grimaces |
Developmental dysarthria
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Effect of this articulation disorder on speech:
Difficulty with rapid speech and non speech. |
Developmental dysarthria
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Effect on speech of this articulation disorder:
problems with programming, combining, sequencing |
Developmental apraxia.
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Brain abnormality of motor system
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Cerebral palsy
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Too much tone
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spasticity
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Effects on speech of this articulation disorder:
Slower language and articulation development. |
Cleft Lip/ Palate
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Too much tone
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spasticity
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Brain abnormality of motor system
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Cerebral palsy
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too mch tone.
speech interrupted by breath/ voice breaks |
spasticity
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involuntary contractions
lack of respiration/ monotone voice Facial grimacing |
athetotis
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incoordination/ lack of balance
slurred effortful speech |
Ataxia
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part of articulation affected by cerebral palsy
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hypernasaltiy
tongue lip and jaw coordination |
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Normal vs stuttering?
word, phrase, sentence repititions, hesitations/ pauses, interjections |
Normal dysfluencies
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normal vs stuttering?
syllable, sound repititions, sound prolongations, sound blocks, non speech behavior |
stuttering
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Theory of stuttering:
normal dysfluencies are labeled as stuttering. parents create an environment that is different= handicap. stuttering begins in parents ears. |
Diagnosogenic theory
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Theories of stuttering:
stuttering is a mechanism to repress unwanted feelings. psychotherapy to uncover hidden feelings rather than direct therapy for stuttering |
Psychological theories
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Theory of stuttering:
neither side of the brain is dominant in controlling motor speech |
Neurological theory
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Theory of stuttering:
abnormal airway pilation reflex (APR). discoordination b/w phonation and breathing. laryngeal stress. |
motor theories
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Theory of stuttering:
relationship b/w stuttering and CNS stuttering and brain functions. |
focus of contemporary research
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Therapy Approach to stuttering:
stuttering is a symptom: no direct treatment. ABC focus |
psychological approach
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Affective
Behavior Cognition |
ABC apprach (psychological approach)
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Therapy Approach to stuttering:
shaping of fluent speech find an easy fluent way to speak |
modify speech approach
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Therapy Approach to stuttering:
root of stuttering: struggle to be fluent learn to stutter with less effort goal: Adequate communication with stuttering, not avoiding stuttering. |
modifying stuttering approach
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disorder of fluency:
rapid speech rate. slurred/ omitted sounds. |
Cluttering
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disorder of fluency:
Acquired. linked to neurological event. |
neurogenic stuttering
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disorder of fluency:
related to anxiety disturbances. associated with specific speaking situations. |
psychogenic stuttering
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Voice disorders related to vocal fold tissue changes:
swollen red vocal folds. disrupts normal vibration. |
Traumatic laryngitis
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Voice disorders related to vocal fold tissue changes:
small fibrous bumps/ calluses on borders of the vocal folds |
vocal nodules
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Voice disorders related to vocal fold tissue changes:
small fluid filled sacs soft and compliant |
vocal polyps
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Voice disorders related to vocal fold tissue changes:
wart-like growth along the vocal tract and respiratory system |
Papailloma
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complete loss of voice
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aphonia
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change in voice quality
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dysphonia
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double voice where each fold vibrates at a different rate
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diplophonia
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Voice disorders related to vocal fold tissue changes:
persistent hoarseness. swallowing problems. swelling in throat. |
Carcinoma
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permanent opening in neck
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stoma
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Air trapped in esophagus
air belched back air modified by articulators |
esophageal speech
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trachea attached to stoma for breathing which no longer occurs through nose of mouth
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tracheostomy
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vibrator substituting vibration of vf
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electrolarynx
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a small opening b/w the esophagus and trachea. a valve keeps food out of the trachea but lets air into the esophagus for esophageal speech.
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tracheoesophageal puncture
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Neurological voice disorder:
damage to one or both laryngeal nerves (vagus #10) Occurs during surgery |
vocal fold paralysis
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Characteristics of vocal fold paralysis
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breathy voice (unilateral)
aphonia (bilateral) |
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treatment of unilateral vf paralysis
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recovery of nerve w/in 6 months
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treatment for bilateral vf paralysis
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surgery to create open airway for breathing
stoma tube b/c cant open vf. or there will be no protection. |
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Neurological voice disorder:
dysfunction of neural signals controlling vf. |
spasmodic dysphonia
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type of spasmodic dysphonia:
vf spasm apart less frequent type breathy voice |
abductor SD
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type of spasmodic dysphonia:
vf close tightly during speech strained/ strangled voice quality or voice stoppage |
adductor SD
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treatment for spasmodic dysphonia
(both types) |
Botox
toxin injection that stops contraction of vf muscle |
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treatment for spasmodic dysphonia
(adductor only) |
surgery-
cut one of the nerves to create unilateral vf paralysis |
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swallowing disorder
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dysphagia
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oral prepatory stage
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first stage of swallowing
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oral transport stage
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second stage of swallowing
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pharyngeal stage
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3rd stage of swallowing
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esophageal stage
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4th stage of swallowing
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prepare food in mouth.
teeth, lips, tongue, soft palate hold food in oral cavity |
1. oral prep. stage
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tongue propels bolus into pharynx by pressing it up against the hard palate and pushing backward.
Loss of bolus control |
2. oral transport stage
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movement of bolus through pharynx and into esophagus.
food does not clear throat risk of choking |
3. pharyngeal stage
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transport of bolus from esophagus to stomach
reflux |
4. esophageal stage
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assessment of dysphagia:
identification/ estimation of food aspirated effects of different food consistencies |
videofluroscopy
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Components of language:
study of sounds of speech FORM |
phonology
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components of language:
FORM structure of sentences |
Syntax
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components of language:
FORM grammar, putting the right endings on words |
morphology
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stands alone. cannot be divided. nouns or adverbs.
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free morphemes
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must be attached to another word
ly, ed, ing |
bound morphemes
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components of language:
CONTENT meanings of words 2 kinds of meaning |
semantics
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literal meaning of words
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denotative
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subtle overtones. cool vs cool
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connotative
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components of language:
how words are used in different situations social appropriateness |
pragmatics
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Approaches to the study of language acquisition:
language is learned, environmental influences, language can be taught, shaped, reinforced |
behavioral approach
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Approaches to the study of language acquisition:
born with physical equipment to understand and express language rules of language part of biological endowment. |
nativist (innateness) approach
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Approaches to the study of language acquisition:
cognitive development prereq to language development. hierarchial/ matural stages |
cognitive approach
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Approaches to the study of language acquisition:
left hemisphere controls language right hemisphere controls rhythm, tonality, emotions |
biological approach
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stages of language development:
using words context gives clue to meaning parent feedback: repitition and expansion |
21 months. 1st stage
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stages of language development:
understood well. single words/ short sentences telegraphiz speech |
28 months. 2nd stage
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stages of language development:
increased length of utterances complete sentence more gramatical morphemes more content |
39 months. 3rd stage
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stages of language development:
revision/ false starts new experience provide new words- new language content words acquired- frame for new experiences and learning |
44 months. 4th stage
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language disorder:
difficulties with attention and impulse control |
attention defecit disorder
ADD |
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language disorder:
abnormal brain activity impaired social interaction disturbed or loss of language development |
autism
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language disorder:
IQ intelligence quotent less than 70 on standardized measure and significant deficits in daily functioning |
Mental retardation
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language disorder:
acquired due to brain damage stroke, infection, tumor, seizures normal intelligence mute initially, then short simple sentences difficulties w reading writing academics |
Childhood Aphasia
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