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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Who sponsored Columbus?
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Spain
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Who were the two leading countries in exploration of the new world?
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Spain and Portugal
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Why did the Native Americans and the Europeans clash?
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Europe:
-land for $ -destroyed land and made it private -sold land, destroyed hunting Natives: -relationship w/ nature -needed to hunt -believed you can't own land |
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What are the three direct reasons for settlement in the new world?
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-Political=became world power through wealth and land
-Economic=new trade routes -Religious=spread Christianity |
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How can I remember this?
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Glory, Gold, God
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Who was Prince Henry?
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-funded explorations
-liked sailing -invented Caravel |
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Who were Dias and de Gama?
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-famous for getting around Cape of Good Hope to get to India
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What three things were exchanged during the Columbian Exchange?
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-livestock
-grains -disease |
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Who was Father Bartolome de Las Casas?
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-believed Native Americans had been treated harshly by Spanish
-Indians could be educated and converted -Indian culture was just as advanced as European |
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What were some of the advantages that Europeans had over the Natives?
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-Weapons--iron
-Diseases -Products to trade w/ -Used goods as bribes to get other tribes against others -Political unification |
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What was the intent of the Spanish in America?
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Not to stay long term
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How did the Spanish plan to defeat the Aztecs?
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By forming alliances with other native groups
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What were the four big countires who wanted control of the new world?
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-Spain
-England -Portugal -France |
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What was and who founded the first permanent colony?
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St. Augustine, Spain
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What happened between Cortes and Monetzuma?
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Cortes arrives on horseback and Monetzuma thinks he is a god. C starts enslaving Aztecs for gold, then they rebel and attack Spanish and stone Monetzuma. Defeat Spanish, so Spain goes back and comes back w/ more ppl to discover disease has killed most of the Aztecs and they take over easily
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What did the Spanish conquer in what is now North America?
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Florida
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What was one of the main reasons the Spanish and Natives didn't get along?
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The Spanish impossed their culture very strongly
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What was the settlement of Jamestown, and why was it founded?
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-formed for $
-joint-stock company -granted charter by King James to Virginia Company -John Smith became leader-those who would not work wouldn't eat -Smith goes back to England |
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What was the "Jamestown Nightmare"?
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-10% of settlers died
-ships went missing -"Gentlemen" wouldn't work, nothing being produced |
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Who was Pocahontas?
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-"saves" John Smith
-marries John Rolfe -head of Powhatan at young age |
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Who made tobacco?
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John Rolfe
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Who brought the first African laborers over to America, and what did they become?
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-Dutch
-headright system (endentured servants) |
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What happens when the settlers of Jamestown clash with the Powhatan?
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Kind James revokes the charter and Jamestown becomes a royal colony
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What is the story of Berkely and Bacon?
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-poor settlers were pushed to outside of colony, and encountered Natives
-Bacon was anti-aristocratic, but also anti-native -Bacon rebels (burns capital), Berkley flees -Bacon dies a month later and Berkley has come back w/ an army -King becomes aware |
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Was this rebellion effective?
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Yes, the poor did get more say after it
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What is the difference between a Separatist and a Puritan, and what are the similarities?
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-Separatist=(Pilgrims) wanted to separate from church
-Puritans=just wanted to purify church, also you didn't need a minister to get to God -Similar=probs. with church, just different ideas of change |
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Were the Pilgrims tolerant of religions?
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No, they were just tolerant of their own
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What was the Mayflower?
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The ship the pilgrims went to Plymouth on.
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Did the Pilgrims have legal authority to stay at Plymouth? And what did they create once they were there?
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No, they created the Mayflower Contract that was an agreement rather than a constitution
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What is covenant theology?
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-"Covenant of Grace"=community has commitment to God
-"Social Covenant"=commitment to each other |
POOP?
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Who was William Bradford?
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-self-taught
-chosen gov. of Plymouth -worried about settlements of non-Puritans springing up nearby |
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What was the Massachutes Bay Colony?
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-non-separatist got a royal charter, set up joint-stock company
-"Great Migration", Boston was a major city |
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What were the major reasons that the North, South, and Middle of the New World were founded?
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-North=God
-Middle=mix -South=$ |
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Who was John Winthrope?
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-1st gov. of Mass. Bay Colony
-believed God had called him to make this colony |
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What was the Difference from English colonies?
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-Better life expectancy(lower mortality)
-Age of marriage=higher |
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Tell me about the Dutch and the middle colonies?
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-golden age for them
-fighting for control against England -"New Netherlands" by Dutch West India Company -Wanted to make $ in fur trade -colonies known for diversity -purchased Manhanttan for pennies per acre |
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What was the New Amsterdam Harbor?
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-aristocratic
-partroonships=squares of land ppl had for profit |
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Who was Peter Stuyvesant?
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Control of New Netherlands
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What was the conflict with King Charles giving the Duke of York New Netherlands?
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-they didn't have the land yet
-brought soldiers to take it -Dutch didn't have a good army, so they surrender |
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Why was Pennsylvania founded, and by what group of people?
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-Quakers
-refused to pay taxes to support the English Church -didn't go along with English customs -believed all children were of God |
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Who was William Penn?
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-Quaker founder of Pennsylvania
-got grant from King( b/c King owed his family dept) -advertised w/ pamplets to attract settlers -accepting of Natives |
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What Pennsylvania a success?
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No, b/c it's religious tolerance undermined the reason it was founded, but in long run, yes.
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Why was Georgia founded, and by whom?
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-James Oglethorpe
-"Buffer" colony (to put space between other countries and colonies |
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What group of people founded Maryland?
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Catholics
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What happened in the Salem Witch trials?
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-strict Puritan community
-land disputes between families -unusual religious practices gave reason to prosecute |
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How did the slaves get to America?
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-Slaves came from West Africa(Africans captured others)
-Middle passage |
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What were the slave codes?
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-strict laws restricted them
-children of slaves are slaves -crime to teach slaves to read -just b/c they are Christian, they still aren't free |
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How did most people in the South live?
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-large plantations
-most was undeveloped(few cities) -poor transportation |
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What was the class system in the South?
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-large plantations owners
-small farmers -landless white -indentured servants -slaves |
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What was the class system in the North?
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-merchants, lawyers, clergymen
-tradesmen, farmers -slaves and servants |
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What sealed the British win to the French and Indian war?
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The Battle of Quebec--British surrounded French and claimed Quebec
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What was the Great Awakening?
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-social movement, preachers to ppl in tents.
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What were the results of the Great Awakening?
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-new denominations (Baptists, Methodists)
-democratic component (all ppl could be church members) -led to colleges |
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Why did the French and Indian War start?
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Britain wanted more land
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Who was William Pitt?
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-leader of British gov. in America
-at first he was liked |
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What tensions start after the French and Indian War ends?
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-brits too involved in gov.
-$ British made colonists pay for war by taxing |
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What was the Mercantilist System?
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-purpose of colony is to benefit mother country
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What did the Navigation Acts say?
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1.trade had to be done w/ American of English ships
2.use British and American crews 3.certain products could only be traded to England 4.have to go through English ports to trade / others |
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What happens when salutary neglect ends?
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-english laws are enforced
-Proclamation of 1763 -Sugar Act -Quartering Act -Stamp Act -Townshend Acts -Tea Acts |
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What is the Sugar Act
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Reduces taxes on French molasses, but added taxes to molasses everywhere else. Meant to be good for colonists but they thought they were trying to trick them
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What was the Quartering Act?
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Allowed British troops to live w/ Americans
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What was the Stamp Act?
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-tax on published materials
-Stamp Act Congress=list of complaints to Britain -Sons of Liberty (Sam Adams) -repealed b/c of resistence |
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What were the Townshend Acts?
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-addictional taxes to get more $
-protests and Boston Massacre -indirect tax -formed Committees of Correspondence (educate about Britsih wrong-doings) |
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What was the Tea Act?
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-failed
-wanted to lower tea prices -led to Boston Tea Party -led to Intolerable Acts |
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What was the First Continental Congress?
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-formed after intolerable acts
-12 of the 13 colonies -Discussed grievances w/ Acts -led to Declaration of Ind. |
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What war advantages did Britain have?
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-More $
-Organized -Supplies -Navy -Bigger army -Slaves and Natives |
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What war disadvantages did Britain have?
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-Far away
-Didn't know land -Bad generals -Some don't support war -France |
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What was the Second Continental Congress?
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-Decided to go to war
-Elected Washington as head of army |
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What happened in the most important wars in the Revolutionary war?
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-Lexington and Concord=Brtis heard about militias, sent army to arrest ppl
-Bunker Hill=bloodiest -Battle of Saratoga=Americans got France, Brits wanted NY, Burgoyne surrenders to Gates -Valley Forge=very cold -Yorktown=Brits try to attack South, French blocks British Navy, (Degrasse and Rochambeau), Cornwallis surrenders |
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What was the Treaty of Paris (1783)?
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-Set new boundries(East of Miss. river)
-Brits recognize American Indep. - |
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