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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
since the 1789 what has been associated with nationhood
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liberalism
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what did nationalism evoke
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memories of popular movemtns clasing with authoritarian governments
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wat did napoleon 111 believe about himself
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his personal rule and developemt of a centralized state
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how was napoleons constitution modeled
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after frist french empire
-emperor had control of finance army and foreign affairs |
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what could the assembly only approve
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legislation drafted by a council of state
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the regime aimed to put countryside under whose control?
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political and administravtive thumb of modern state
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Napoleon lll and his gov't
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developed the economy and created a utopian faith in bring properity, pol. support and national glory
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what did the new goverment pass
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new limited-liabity laws to spur growth
- signed a free-trade treaty with Britain - supported founded the Credit Mobilier |
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Credit Mobilier
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investment banking institutions that sold shares publicly
- financed entreprises (railroads,insurance and gas companies). + building of the Suez Canal. |
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what did napoleon III permit?
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existence of trade unions and legisilation of strikes.
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best illustration of the second empire's policies was what
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transoformation of the nation's capital.
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how many houses had running water in 1850?
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1 house in 5.
- incentive to rebuild was increased by political concers. |
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who financed the massive rebuild?
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the Credit Mobilier
- erected 34,000 new buildings ( new hotels w/ new elevators) |
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Arc de Triomphe
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named after napoleon 1s most fav. general.
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the new regime drove working class people where?
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the segrated suburbs.
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Baron Haussman
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presided over rebuilding
- considered city to a monument of cleanliness and order. - other called him an artist of demolition. |
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Benjamin Disraeli
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-shrewd conservative
- pol. life would be improved by including aristocrats of labor. - he steered the reform bill of 1867 |
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John Stuart Mill
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brillian, committed and influential defender of personal liberty.
-wrote On liberty and Subjection of Women - married to Harriet Taylor |
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On liberty
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considered the classic defense of individual freedom in the face of the state + tyranny of the majority
- defined the texts of western liberalism |
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Subjection of Women
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- coauthored w/ wife
- essays on womens political rights, law of marriage, and divorece. - published after the wife died - international success |
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what did the subjection of women argue towards?
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women had to b consideed individulas on the same plane as men.
- women's freedome was a measure of soc. progress. |
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what brought women to vote
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militant suffrage
- WWI |
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the high point of british liberlaism
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a decade of so after bill of 1867
- accomplished a peaceful restructing of pol. insititutions and social life. |
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casting a ballot vote was a...
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priveldge granted to certain social groups in return 4 their contributions to + interests in society.
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Guiseppe Garibaldi
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guerilla fighter who replaced Mazzini + was exiled twice (US and latin america).
-commiteed to achieving national unification thru a pop. movement. |
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more moderate nationalist sought what?
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economic and political reforms.
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Victor Emmanuel II
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- king of Piedmont- Sardinia
- brought Cavor into his gov't |
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Count Camillo Bensodi Cavour
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- embodied the conservative vision of nationhood.
- promoted economic expansion + encouraged construction of modern transportation. |
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what did Cavour pursue
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reforms guided by the state.
- 1st- minister of commerce and agriculture. - 2nd- prime minister |
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what did Cavour plan depend on
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diplomacy
- allied w/ napoleonic france |
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France and Italy vs. Austria
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- 1859
- napoleon iii quickly surrended (impossible to expel austrians from venetia). |
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Revolt of Sicily
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- Garibaldi volunteer fighters- The Thousand.
-took sicily in name of vicotor emmuanel |
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Revolt of Sicily
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- Garibaldi volunteer fighters- The Thousand.
-took sicily in name of vicotor emmuanel |
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The thousand
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embodied the widespread support 4 Italian unification- came from N and S. members of mid. class (artisans + workers).
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Cavour thought the unification should be under whom
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Piedmont- Sardinia stewardship
- w/o domestic turmoil or negoiations with other italian cities |
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Franco-Prussian war
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- compelled napoleon to withdraw his troops from Rome.
- italian troops gained control of it in Sept. |
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Law of Papl Guaranties
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-passed by the Italian parliament
- defined and limited the pope's status |
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1871 in Italy
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- was a state.
- minority- spoke italy; majority- used local and regional dialects. - gap between the industrialized north and the rural south. |
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why was building the Italian nation an on-going process
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regional differences and social tensions
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August Ludwig von Rochau
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-wrote: The Principles of Realpolitik Applied to the Conditions in Germany.
- practical policitcs has to do w/ the fact that powere alone can rule. |
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Rochau's view on power
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would not agree with those with a "just" cause.
- those supported the constiutitons o+ Enlightenment rights |
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How did Rochau believe power came through
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indirectly,
-diverse forms( the expansion of the economy and social institutions). |
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Realpolik
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clostly associated w/ otto von bismarck.
- political strategy for advancing power for its own sake. |
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How was the german nation built
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growth of national feeling
- recalculations of mid-class interests - diplomacy, war, and struggles b/w the regime + opponents |
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what did king Frederick WIlliam grant to Prussia
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constitution that established a bicameral (2-house) parliament.
- lower house elected- universal male suffrage. |
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who became the prince regent of Prussia
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William I
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Prussia under the contriol of William I
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conservative state w/ and expanded size and confidence in the mid-class.
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what did Prussia have by the late 1850s
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active liberal intelligensa
- thoughtful and engaged press - liberal civil service (dedicated to pol. and eco. modernization). |
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the eco. changes of prussia in the late 1850s helped forge what
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liberal political movement that won a majority in elections to the lower house
- could confidently confront the king. |
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the main bone of contention b/w liberlas and king
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military spending.
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William and military spending
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-expand the army
- reduce the role of reserve forces (mid-class group) - ensure military matters not subject to parliamentary control. |
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Otto von Bismarck
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- elected minister-president of Prussia by William ( didn no answer to parliament).
- support monarchy and fiercly opposed liberal movement. - born into a class of conservative and wealthy aristocrats. |
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Why didnt otto von bismarck institute domestic reforms
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he favored the "rights" of a particular group
- thought the policites would unite and strengthen prussia |
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Bismarck and his views on Prussia
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- - brought german states under prussian control b/c he wanted a grand German design.
- considered himself destined for greatness. |
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Bismarck's reputation
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cynicism, arrogance, and frankness in expressing his views.
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what did Bismarck do in Prussia
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defy parliamentatry opposition.
- played the national card to make the German nation building an extension of prussian authority |
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the other german power apart from Austria
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Austria
- influence over the german conferedatio +catholic regions in the S. - bismarck persuaded austria to join war w/ prussia against denmark |
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Bismarck's dispute with Denmark
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- disputer over Schlewig and Holstein
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denamrk vs prussia
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- short and froced the danish ruler to give up 2 nations to austrian and prussia.
- alliance b/w A and P fell apart |
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7 weeks war
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- Austria vs. Prussia
- Prussia won! and austria agreed to dissolve german conferderation. - to replace G. conferd. bismarck created nth german confed. |
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norht german confed.
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union of all german states N of the main river
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bismarck's view on the german confederation
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outlived its usefullness and exploited austria's disadvantages
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Franco-Prussian war
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- S. Germany aided the prussians.
- war quickly over, no one came to France's aid. - france could not match prussia's professionaly trained army. -began in june and ended in sep. w/ defeat of France and capture of Nap. III. |
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Bismarck hoped that a conflict with whom would help german nationalism
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france.
- exploited mistakes and accused the french of trying to steal the rhineland |
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where was the german empire proclaimed
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hall of mirrors at versailles
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where was the german empire declaed
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jan. 18, 1871 at the hall of mirrors in versailles.
- symbol of past french absolutism. |
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whoho declaed their alligance to william I after formation of germany
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all german states no abosbed by the prussian fold.
- xcept austria. |
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treaty in frankfurt b/w germany and france
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- closed border region of Alsace to the Germany.
- forced Frace to pay 5 billion francs. |
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what remained intact and reconfigured as the german nation state
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prussian kaiser, prime minister, army,and bureaucracy.
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