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168 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Confucius' real name, |
King Fuzi |
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King Fuzi's family was _____ but _____ |
noble, poor |
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King Fuzi aspired to work in |
government |
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Confucius instead became a |
teacher |
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recordings of confucius' teachings called |
Analects |
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Two things Confucius developed |
philosophy ofsocial order and good government |
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List the five relationships (Confucius' ideas) |
1. Father to son 2. Elder brother to Younger brother 3. Husband to Wife 4. Ruler to Subject 5. Friend to Friend |
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Confucius believed in ____ piety |
Filial piety |
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Filial piety means |
respect for parents |
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Role of the ruler (Confucius) |
good government, virtuous & well educated |
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role of subjects (Confucius) |
respectful and loyal |
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When did Confucius' teachings truly impact people |
After his death |
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His teachings impacted |
Chinese life (family unit to rulers) |
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Which three areas accepted Confucian beliefs? |
Korea, Japan, & Vietnam (1/3 of the population) |
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who created legalism |
Hanfezi |
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What is legalism |
order achieved through strict laws & harsh punishment (confucian ideas are virtue & kindness) |
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who adopted legalism |
many rulers in feudal China |
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Who founded Daoism |
Laozi |
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What did Laozi write |
The Way of Virtue |
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What is Daoism |
living in harmony w nature opposed to maintaining order |
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What does Dao mean |
the way of the universe |
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Daoism and ___ blended together |
Confucianism |
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When does Buddhism reach China |
100 A.D. |
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Struggle caused by Buddhism |
family vs solitary meditation |
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Buddhism embraces Conf/dao when in China |
400 A.D. |
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what buildings/places became important for learning arts |
monasteries |
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Who rose to unify China |
Qin |
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where did Qin come from |
Western China |
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Who crushed Qin's rivals |
Zheng |
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Zheng declared himself |
Shi Huangdi (First Emperor) |
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What age did they enter w Huangdi |
Classical Age |
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Classical age set patterns for these four: |
government, philosophy, religion, and arts |
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What was Shi Huangdi determined to do? |
End divisions that had splintered Zhou China |
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How many years spent conquering warring states |
20 years |
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How did he centralize power |
Legalist advisers helped |
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What did the rewards for merit idea build? |
authoritarian government |
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What makes an authoritarian government |
avoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, especially that of the government, at the expense of personal freedom. |
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where is the monument praising accomplishments of Huangdi? |
Top of mountain path |
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What did Sima Qian later serve emperors as |
Great Historian in court |
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Why did Huangdi abolish feudalism in China |
local rulers not loyal |
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How many military districts did he replace |
36 |
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Where did Huangdi force nobles to go |
Capital (Xian yarg(?)) |
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Lands given to |
peasants |
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What did peasants pay high taxes for |
armies and buildings |
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What three things did Huangdi standardize |
weights & measures, replace Zhou state coin with Qin coin |
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What was repaired and strengthened |
roads and canals |
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Huangdi spared what books of those who opposed him? |
Medicine & agriculture |
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Huangdi's most remarkable achievement |
Great Wall |
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How high is great wall |
25 feet |
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When did Huangdi die |
210 B.C. |
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Who was an illiterate peasant who founded Han dynasty |
Liu Bang |
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Most famous Emperor |
Wudi |
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Two things Wudi strengthened |
government & economy |
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Where did Wudi set up his imperial university |
Xian |
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What did Wudi set up across the empire |
granaries in case food became scarce |
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government income based on |
iron & salt (other than peasant tax) |
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Five spots outposts were added |
Manchuria, Korea, northern Vietnam, Tibet, Central Asia |
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Trade route Wudi opened is called |
Silk Road (linked China and West) |
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Silk Road linked to what crescent |
fertile crescent |
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What did Han emperors make official belief |
confucianism |
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government type became |
bureacratic |
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What three confucian classes studied to take exam for officials |
histories, poems, customs |
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Two names of bandit groups who fled to mountains |
"Red eyebrows", "Green woodsmen" |
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When did warlords overthrow |
220 A.D. |
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China broke up into how many kingdoms |
7 |
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How long did unity last |
400 years |
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Three achievements of science from Han Golden Age |
timekeeping, Wang Chong (no scientific theories accepted unless proven), texts written on chemistry, zoology, botany...etc... |
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Medicine achievements |
diagnosed, experimented (explored acupuncture) |
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Name some inventions of technology |
bronze & iron stirrups, fishing reels, wheelbarrows, suspension bridges, chain ppumps |
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Equal education happened in the year |
100 A.D. |
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Who lived on the Island of Crete |
Minoans |
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Minoans named after |
King Minos of Crete |
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Crete is surrounded by |
sea (mediterranean/aegean) |
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How did Minoans gain power |
trade |
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Where did Minoans trade |
Middle East, Egypt |
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Where was the home of minoan rulers |
Palace at knossos |
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what did the palace include that was special |
religious shrines |
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walls covered with |
frescos (water-colour paintings, religious/daily life) |
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When did Minoans vanish, why |
1400 B.C. Unknown (Volcano? Earthquake? Invasion (Mycenaeans?) |
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Mycenaeans dominated what region |
Aegean region |
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Which 4 places did they trade? |
Sicily, Italy, Egypt, Mesopotamia |
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Where was Troy |
Modern day Turkey |
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What caused Troy vs Mycenaeans |
economic rivalry (Troy controlled straits linking Mediterranean to Black Sea) |
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Myth: Who kidnapped who |
Paris of Troy kidnapped Helen |
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How long did battle last |
10 years Troy burned |
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Mycenae fell to |
raiders |
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Homer's epic poems |
Iliad, Odyessey |
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Iliad contains |
trojan war |
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Odyssey |
Odysseus travels to wife Penelope |
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Greece is part of what peninsula |
Balkin peninsula (valleys from mountains) |
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Greeks did not have mass empire but had |
had independent city-states
|
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What goods and knowledge were traded |
olive oil, alphabet - basis of western alphabet |
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What happened in Greece by 750 BC |
rapid population growth, spain to egypt |
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What advanced city-states by 750 BC |
A Polis |
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Where was the Citadel in a Polis |
on raised ground (acropolis)
|
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Where was the market place, theatre, public buildings, and homes |
agora |
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Ogliarchy meaning |
a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. |
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Aristocracy meaning |
a form of government in which power is held by the nobility. |
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what did bronze weapons get replaced with by 650 BC |
Iron weapons |
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a body of Macedonian infantry with long spears, drawn up in close order with shields overlapping. |
Phalanx |
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Where did Spartans live |
Peloponnese |
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Name for conquered people/owned slaves |
Helots (worked the land) |
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Government of Sparta run by |
2 kings (military, and life), elders |
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How many native Spartan men approved major decisions? |
30+ |
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Name for five powerful officials who controlled daily affairs |
Ephors |
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What age Spartan boys taken |
7 |
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Athens located |
north of peloponessese |
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monarchy to |
arustocracy |
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what government came up with discontent in athens |
democracy |
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Who was appointed chief official of Athens |
Solon |
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What is an Archon |
Chief official |
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What five things did Solon do |
no debt slavery, high offices to more citizens, citizenship to some foreigners, athenian assembly has more say, greater export of wine/oil |
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Who seized power, giving loans and land to farmers? |
Pisistratus |
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Who made the asssembly a law making body |
Cleisthenes |
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How old did assembly have to be |
30, male |
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What four activities outside of home did women do |
herding sheep, spinning, weaving, potting |
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Boys learned what 7 subjects |
public speaking, poetry, military, athletics, reading, writing, music |
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Four common things with greeks |
language, heroes, festivals, gods |
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Where did gods live |
Mount Olympus (N. Greece) |
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Under who was Persia Empire most powerful force |
Darius 1st |
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499 BC what greeks rebelled against persian control |
Ionian Greeks |
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Darius sent forces across Aegean to punish Athens, where did they land |
Marathon (490 BC) |
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Athenians ____ the Persians |
rushed |
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Who advised Athenians to build warships |
Themistocles |
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Warrior King of Sparta that antagonized Persians in a battle |
Leonidas |
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Where did King Leonidas hold Persians |
Thermopylae |
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Where did Athenian fleet destroy Persian ships |
Strait of Salamis (Think of Salami) by underwater battering rams |
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Where were Xerxes' forces defeated |
Asia Minor |
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Athens allied Greek city-states under |
Delian League |
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Golden Age of Athens under statesmen |
Pericles |
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Athens was a what Democracy |
Direct, male citizens would have say in workings of government (6000+ people) |
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Citizens voted with |
piece of pottery |
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Four main that philosophers explored |
maths, music, logic, ethics/morality |
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Socrates' job besides teaching |
stonemason |
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Invented method of challenging views was called |
Socratic Method
|
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Accused Socrates of |
Corrupting youth |
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Poison for Socrates was |
Hemlock |
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Plato's school called |
the Academy |
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Plato's book called |
The Republic (Three classes, workers - soldiers - philosophers) |
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Five subjects Aristotle studied and contributed to |
Ethics, physics, logic, government, biology |
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Aristotle thought the best government was |
one virtuous, strong leader |
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architecture in greece conveyed two things |
balance and order |
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sculptures were |
idealistic figures in natural poses |
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paintings preserved on |
pottery/vases |
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Who is the gather of history |
Herodotus |
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What did Herodotus write |
The Persian Wars |
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Who wrote about the Peloponnesian war |
Thucydides |
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Two cities Phillip II defeated |
Athens and Thebes Battle of Cheronea |
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What age did Alexander become king |
20 |
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Took ships across |
Dardanelles and into Asia Minor |
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Five major victories against Persians
|
Granicus, Issus, Tyre, Baugamela, Hydaspes |
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Divided into three at first by generals |
Macedonia/Greece, Persia, Egypt |
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Lasting achievement |
Greek culture spread |
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Alexandria in Egypt had population of |
near 1 million |
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Who wrote The Elements |
Euclid |
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World on an axis, orbited the sun (Heliocentric) |
Aristrachus |
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How long til Aristrachus' work was recognized |
2000 years |
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Sacrifices of bulls at alter of Zeus had ashes (m high?) |
7 metres |
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Sacred area in Olympia called |
Altis |
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Quest for perfection called |
Arete |
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Winner of 4 games |
Periodonikes |
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Delphi games |
Pythian games |
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Who began Nemean games (supposedly) |
Heracles |
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Special messengers called |
Spondorophoroi |
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Messengers sent from |
Elis |
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Name of games (all) |
Panhellentic |
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Most important games called |
Periodos |
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Who dies at hands of Hektor |
Perokles |