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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How did the feudalism in Medieval Europe start? |
Charlemagne's grand father Charles Martel needed an army to fight the Muslims so they gave the land to the nobles in exchange to fight. Then the nobles hired vassals (knights) by giving them land. |
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What was the reason for Crusades? |
Crusade was called by pope to recapture the important Holy Land such as Jerusalem from the Muslims |
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What were the monasteries for? |
Missionaries and nuns lived in monasteries building to worship god and have schools. Their mission was to convert people to Christianity. |
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What were the reason of missionaries? |
They were the monks who traveled around to convert people to Christianity |
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What was the Battle of Hastings? |
A war fought on October 14, 1066 between the Norman-French army of Duke Williams II of Normandy and English Army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson. They both wanted to conquer England. |
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What was Battle of Tours? |
A war fought in 732 between Frankish leader Charles Martel and Muslims near Tours, France |
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What was Concordat of Worms? |
an agreement between Pope and the ruler of the country signed near the city of Worms. This means only the pope can choose bishops (important church person) but the emperor can choose government officials |
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Friars |
In Latin it means "brother" - the men who went out to the world to preach Christianity to people. They lived by begging |
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Francis of Assisi |
He was an Italian Roman Catholic friar who founded the first order of friars |
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mass |
Catholic worship service on Sundays and holy days |
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heresy |
a religious belief that conflicts with Church teaching = crime against God (Church tried to control people's beliefs) |
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Inquisition |
Church court ( questioned and punished people's heresy) |
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How were the Jews treated? |
Church persecuted Jews and people hated them because they refused to become Christians. |
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Anti-Semitism |
Hatred of Jews. People hated Jews because they refused to become Christians and they ended money (which Christians thought as sins). |
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theology |
the study of religion and God |
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Scholasticism |
the system of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European universities |
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Magna Carta |
King John became the king of England in 1199 and he punished people without trial and raised taxes. Nobles became angry and had the king sign this document that guarantees certain rights for people. |
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serfs |
peasants, they were not allowed to own property or land
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Thomas Aquinas |
a Dominican frian and priest who believed in scholasticism. He wrote the book Summa Theologica, asking questions about religion and also government. He said there are certain rights government can't take away. |
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vernacular |
everyday language that people spoke everyday. (Latin was the language of worship and education but not spoken) |
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What is Black Plague |
A terrible plague (disease) in 1300s killed 19-38 millions of people throughout Europe. It is believed to have brought in by the trade ships. |
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What was Hundred Years' War? |
a series of wars between England's king Edward III trying to control France 1337-1453. The first major battle took place at Crecy |
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Who was Joan of Arc? |
a French peasant girl who wanted to fight in Orleans for the French Army against English. She was later captured and burned at the stake. |
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What is Reconquista? |
The struggle of Spanish and Portuguese Christians to take back the Iberia Peninsula from the Muslims. |
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Who are Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon? |
Prince and Princess of Spain who wanted all Spain to be Catholic. They set up Spanish Inquisition to punish a lot of Jews and Muslims who refused to convert to Christians. |
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Wha is a "guild" |
Associations (teams) of tradesmen |
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What is a "grand jury"? |
Jury (group of selected people) who decided whether people should be accused of a crime in the trial |
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What is a "Trial jury"? |
Jury (group of selected people) decided whether an accused person was innocent or guilty |
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Who were "vassals" |
Knights who fought for the lords and nobles in exchange for land |
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What is a "chivalry"? |
rule of the knights- A knight was expected to obey his lord, be brave, to show respect to women of noble birth, to honor church, and to help people. |
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Charlemagne |
Descendant of Charles Martel who invaded Spain and Germany and made them Catholic. He later became known as "Charlemagne the Great". He wanted to educate people |
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Where were the Vikings from? |
They were from Scandinavian peninsula and lived in fjords. They robbed other ships because they did not have farming land or resources |
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Philip the Fair (IV) |
ruled from 1285-1314. He met with representatives from 3 estates. 1st estate was the clergy. 2nd was the nobles. 3rd was the peasants. This meeting began the Estates-General, France’s 1st parliament. |
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William the Conqueror |
Descendant of the Vikings and also the cousin of the English emperor. After Edward died, he conquered England. Did the first census "Domesday book" |
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King John |
Became the king of England in 1199 and raised taxes. He also punished enemies without trial. People got angry and made him sign Magna Carta which took away some of King's power |
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King Clovis |
He was the king of Franks who settled in the area now called France in 400s. He became Catholic |
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What was the dispute between Pope Gregory and Henry IV? |
Pope Gregory wanted kings and nobles away from Church matters and said only pope can assign bishops (high rank church person) . Henry IV fought against and and he was excommunicated. |
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What is "excommunicated"? |
Henry IV fought Pope Gregory and he was kicked out from the church |
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Otto I |
king of Germany who was powerful and the pope made him the new emperor of the Holy Roman Empire |
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Why was the Roman Catholic Church important? |
It was very powerful and controlled people's lives, land and government |
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What are the first and third crusades known as? |
First crusade was to get the Christian Holy Land Jerusalem back from the Muslims - success. Second was failure - Muslims won Third crusade gave Christians free access to Jerusalem |
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What are the 3 parts of the Middle Ages? |
Early (invading each other) High (Crusades, Feudalism)and Late ( Black Plague, heresy - more problems) |