Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is homeostasis |
It is a condition in which all of the body systems are working at their best keyword: balanced |
|
Anterior or ventral |
The front of the body or body part |
|
Posterior or dorsal |
The back of the body or body part |
|
Superior |
Toward the head |
|
Inferior |
Away from the head |
|
Medial |
Toward the midline of the body |
|
Lateral |
To the side away from the midline of the body |
|
Proximal |
Closer to the Torso |
|
Distal |
Farther away from the Torso |
|
What is the largest organ and system of the body |
Skin |
|
What kind of organ is the skin |
Sense organ |
|
Dilate |
Widen |
|
Constrict |
Narrow |
|
In Darker complexions what changes should you look for in the tissue or skin |
An orange peel look or purplish Hue and extremely dry crust like areas that might be covering a tissue break |
|
How many bones are in the human body |
206 |
|
What do muscles do |
Muscles provide movement of body parts to maintain posture and produce heat |
|
Atrophy |
When the muscle waste away decreases in size and becomes weak |
|
Contracture |
Develops when the muscle or tendon shortens becomes inflexible and freezes in position |
|
What is arthritis |
A general term for inflammation or swelling of the joints it is an autoimmune disease |
|
Autoimmune illness |
Autoimmune illnesses causes the body's immune system to attack normal tissue in the body |
|
Rheumatoid arthritis |
Can affect people of all ages joints become red, swollen and very painful |
|
Osteoarthritis |
Called degenerative joint disease or degenerative arthritis often affects older people |
|
Osteoporosis |
Causes bones to become porous and brittle it occurs more commonly in women after menopause |
|
What causes a hip fracture |
It is caused by an accident or by osteoporosis |
|
When dressing a patient that has had a hip replacement what is one important guideline that you should remember |
Dress the weaker side first |
|
Partial weight-bearing |
The resident is able to support some body weight on one or both legs |
|
Non weight-bearing |
The resident is unable to touch the floor or support any weight on one or both legs |
|
Full weight-bearing |
Means both legs can bear a hundred percent of the body weight on a step |
|
What are some guidelines for hip replacement |
1 dress the weaker side first 2 Follow the care plan exactly even if the resident wants to do more 3 crossing the resident not to sit with her legs crossed the hip cannot be bent or flexed more than 90 degrees it could not be turned inward or outward 4 when transferring from bed use a pillow between the thighs to keep a leg separate 5 with chair and toilet transfers the operative leg should be straight into the stronger leg should stay in first then the foot of the affected leg can be brought back to the walking position |
|
What can be used to help control blood clots |
Apply a special stocking as ordered one type is a compression stocking it is plastic Air filled sleeve like device that is applied to the legs and hooked to a machine |
|
What does the nervous system do |
It is the control center of the body it controls and coordinates all body functions the nervous system also senses and interprets information from outside the human body works together with the skin organ |
|
What are the two main parts of the nervous system |
1 the central nervous system 2 peripheral nervous system |
|
What happens during a stroke |
Occurs when blood supply to part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks or ruptures within the brain brain cells begin to die |
|
Hemiplegia |
Paralysis on one side of the body |
|
Expressive aphasia |
Trouble communicating thoughts through speech or writing |
|
Dysphasia |
Difficulty swallowing |
|
What are some guidelines for caring for a patient who have had a stroke |
1 Residents of paralysis weakness or loss of movement will usually have physical or occupational therapy 2 being confused or having memory loss are upsetting people often cry for no apparent reason after suffering a stroke 3 when helping with transfers or walking always use a gait belt for safety, stand on the weaker side and support the weaker side lead with the stronger side 4 dress the weaker side first 5 phrase questions in a yes or no form |
|
What is Parkinson's Disease and what does it cause |
Parkinson's disease is a progressive incurable disease. Parkinson's causes a section of the brain to degenerate and causes stooped posture and shuffling gait or walk it can also cause pill rolling |
|
What is multiple sclerosis |
Multiple sclerosis is a progressive disease that affects the central nervous system |
|
What are some guidelines for caring with for a patient with multiple sclerosis |
1 Give the resident plenty of time to communicate 2 prevent Falls which may be due to a lack of coordination fatigue or vision problems |
|
What do head injuries cause |
Head injuries can cause permanent brain damage, they may have intellectual disability personalality changes, breathing problems, seizures, coma, memory loss, loss of consciousness paresis and paralysis |
|
Paraplegia |
Loss of function of the lower body and legs |
|
Quadriplegia |
Loss of function in the legs, trunk and Arms |
|
What are the body's major sense organs |
Ears, eyes, nose, tongue and skin. they are all part of the central nervous system |
|
What is a cataract |
A cataract develops the lens of the eye which is normally clear becomes cloudy this prevents light from entering the eye. vision blurs and dims initially vision is eventually lost entirely |
|
How is glaucoma treated |
It is treated with eye drops and other medication and sometimes with surgery |
|
What does the circulatory system do |
The circulatory system supplies, food, oxygen and hormones to cells. IT also supplies the body with infection-fighting blood cells. the circulatory system also removes waste products from cells and helps control body temperature |
|
Hypertension |
High blood pressure. a measurement of 140 / 90 or higher is considered hypertension |
|
Angina pectoris |
Chest pain, pressure or discomfort |
|
What is extremely important for patients that suffer angina pectoris |
Rest! rest reduces the need for oxygen and help the blood flow return to normal often within 3 to 15 minutes |
|
What type of diet should a patient be on who have had a myocardial infraction or heart attack |
Residents may be on a diet that is low in fat and cholesterol and are low in sodium and courage residents to follow special diets |
|
What is used to help remove excess fluids with congestive heart failure |
Medications help remove excess fluids this means more trips to the bathroom |
|
Respiration |
The body taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide involves breathing in |
|
Expirations |
Breathing out |
|
Inspiration |
Breathing in |
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
Causes trouble with breathing especially in getting air out of the lungs |
|
How should a patient with COPD sit |
It helps residents with COPD to sit upright and lean forward slightly |
|
What kind of breathing should you encourage with residents with COPD |
Encourage pursed lip breathing pursed lip breathing involves inhaling slowly through the nose and exhaling slowly through pursed lips as if about to whistle |
|
What are the two important functions of the urinary system |
The urinary system eliminates waste products created by the cells urinary system also maintains the water balance in the body |
|
What are four things an NA needs to remember when treating UTIs |
1 UTIs are more common in women 2 encourage residents to wipe from front to back after elimination 3 encourage plenty of fluids 4 taking showers rather than baths help prevent UTIs |
|
What is another term for the gastrointestinal system and what is it's function |
The digestive system: the two functions of this system is digestion and elimination |
|
Digestion |
The process of preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells |
|
Elimination |
The process of expelling solid waste |
|
What are normal signs of aging in the gastrointestinal system |
1 decreased saliva production 2 dull sense of taste 3 absorption of vitamins and minerals decreases 4 the process of digestion takes longer 5 body waste moves more slowly through the intestines |
|
Constipation |
The inability to eliminate stool or the infrequent difficult and often painful elimination of hard dry stool |
|
Hemorrhoids |
Enlarged veins in the rectum |
|
Diarrhea |
The frequent elimination of liquid or semi-liquid feces |
|
Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
A chronic condition in which liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus |
|
What are two things that can help with GERD |
1 serving the evening meal three to four hours before bedtime 2 serving the largest meal of the day at lunchtime and several small meals throughout the day |
|
Stoma |
An artificial opening in the abdomen |
|
Endocrine system |
Is made up of glands in different areas of the body keyword pancreas and diabetes |
|
What are three things that one should observe about the endocrine system that is related to diabetes |
1 loss of appetite or increased appetite 2 increased thirst 3 frequent urination or any change in the urine output |
|
What are the two types of diabetes |
Type 1: usually is diagnosed in children and young adults Type 2: most common form of diabetes in adults |
|
What are two important guidelines for diabetics |
1 proper foot care give foot care as directed, diabetics have poor circulation 2 encourage residents to wear comfortable well-fitting leather shoes that do not hurt their feet ,cotton socks are best to absorb sweat |
|
What are the normal signs of aging in the reproductive system for males |
Sperm production decreases, prostate gland enlarges which can interfere with urination |
|
What are the normal signs of aging in the reproductive system for females |
Menstration ends, decrease in estrogen, and vaginal walls become drier and thinner |
|
What does the immune system do |
The immune system protect the body from disease causing bacteria, viruses, and organisms |
|
Nonspecific immunity |
Protects the body from disease in general |
|
Specific immunity |
Protects against a particular disease that is invading the body at a given time |
|
Lymph |
Is a clear yellowish fluid that carries disease-fighting cells called lymphocytes |
|
What are 2 guidelines for residents with HIV or Aids |
1 a person has nausea or vomiting should eat small frequent meals 2 numbness, tingling and pain in the feet and legs is usually treated with medication, wearing loose soft slippers may be helpful. if blankets cause pain use a bed cradle |
|
Tumor |
A group of abnormally growing cells |
|
Benign tumor |
Considered non-cancerous keyword: be nice |
|
Malignant tumor |
Cancerous tumor keyword: mean |
|
What are three treatments of cancer that may be combined |
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation |
|
What is one thing NA with residents with cancer or a terminal illness need to remember |
Respect the needs of the resident, be honest and never say everything will be ok, be sensitive and remember that residents may not want to talk about it |
|
What are three guidelines for residents with cancer |
1 give back rubs for comfort and increase circulation 2 use lotion on dry or delicate skin but do not apply lotion to areas receiving radiation therapy 3 help residents brush and floss teeth regularly. Do not use commercial mouthwash or any mouthwash with alcohol base |