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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cranial bones
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Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal
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Facial bones
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Composed of 14 fused bones, except the mandible
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Sutures
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Coronal, lamboid, saggital
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Facial muscles
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Innervated by cranial nerves (CN) V—trigeminal and VII (facial)
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Salivary glands
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Parotid
Submandibular Sublingual |
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Neck
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Contains cervical spine, sternocleidomastoid muscle, hyoid bone (anchors tongue), larynx, trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland, lymph nodes, carotid arteries, and jugular veins
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Neck muscles
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Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius |
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Larynx
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The “voice box” found below the trachea & above the pharynx
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Cardiovascular Structures
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Carotid arteries
Jugular vein |
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Thyroid gland
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argest endocrine gland that produces 2 hormones
Regulates cellular metabolism Located in the anterior portion of the neck, just below the larynx |
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Lymph Nodes
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Preauricular
Posterior auricular (mastoid) Occipital Submental Submandibular Anterior superficial cervical Posterior superficial cervical |
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head Size and shape
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Normocephalic
Palpate the scalp Fontanals on infants – posterior closes 1-2 months, anterior closes 4 months -2 years |
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Temporal area
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Palpate temporal artery (smooth and nontender, listen if tortous)
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Inspect facial structures (lesions, drainage)
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Palpate temporolmandibular joint (clicking)
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neck Symmetry
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Head should be midline
Muscles should be symmetrical – check for atrophy |
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neck Range of motion
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side to side, front to back
Test CN XI (spinal accessory) |
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Lymph nodes
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Palate lymph nodes with circular motions with your finger pads
Should be mobile, discrete, soft, and nontender – normal not to find Note any lymphadenopathy |
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Trachea
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Should be midline
Push on suprasternal notch to check for shift |
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Tracheal shift to the unaffected side
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aortic aneurysm, tumor
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Tracheal shift to the affected side
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atelectisis
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Posterior approach
thyroid gland |
Examiner is behind client
Head held slightly forward and to the right left hand pushed trachea to the right right fingers palpate between trachea and sternomastoid muscle client swallows Normally, not palpable |
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Anterior approach
thyroid gland |
Examiner faces client
Head held forward and to the right right thumb pushes trachea to client’s right left thumb and fingers hooks around sternomastoid muscle |
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Auscultate – listen if palpable
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Normally, no bruit
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Hydrocephalus:
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Gradual increase in intracranial pressure and head enlargement, bulging of fontanels, dilation of scalp veins
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Paget’s disease of bone (osteitis deformans)
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Softens, thickens, and deforms bone
Etiology unknown Clinical Manifestations: Bowing of long bones, acorn-shaped heads, headaches, tinnitus, progressive deafness, vertigo |
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Acromegaly
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Syndrome that results when the pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (hGH) after epiphyseal plate closure at puberty
Clinical Manifestations: Enlarged, thickened skull, elongated head, enlargement of hands, feet, lips, deep voice, soft tissue swelling of internal organs Cause: 90% by pituitary adenoma |
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Torticollis (wryneck)
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Head tilt to one side with limited ROM
Result of hematoma in one sternomastoid muscle |
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Thyroid nodules
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Multiple
Usually r/t inflammation or goiter Single Higher risk of malignancy |
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Down Syndrome
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Trisomy 21
Genetic disorder in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46 |
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Hyperthyroidism
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Excessive production of thyroid hormone; tsh low (don’t need to stimulate, have enough)
Most common: Graves’ disease – quick weight loss, hot and sweaty, anxiety, goiter Clinical Manifestations: Goiter, exophthalmos, weight loss, heat intolerance, nervousness, tachycardia, diaphoresis Too little medication or underactive thyroid |
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Myxedema (hypothyroidism)
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Deficiency of thyroid hormone causing non-pitting edema
Clinical Manifestations: Dry skin and hair, periorbital edema, weight gain Tsh high (trying to stimulate) Medication dose too high, or overactive thyroid |
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Bell’s palsy – facial droop; more common in younger people (20’s 30’s)
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Temporary form of facial paralysis that occurs with damage to the nerve (CN VII--facial) that controls movement of the muscles in the face
Etiology unknown but thought be linked to the herpes simplex virus |
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hypothyroidism
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Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is elevated
Underactive thyroid gland not responding to the stimulating hormone Too little thyroid medication |
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Hyperthyroidism
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TSH is low
Overactive thyroid hormone Too much thyroid replacement medication |
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Cluster headache
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unilateral, behind eye, temporal, stabbing and excruciating pain, ptosis, wandering of eye, 30 min to 2 hours, repeat daily for weeks, common to teens, middle age, increased incidence of suicide – very painful
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tension headache
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bilateral, frontal or occipital, band like pain, gradual onset, last for several days, 20-40 years of each
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Migraine headache
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1 to 2 month, last up to 3 days, front of head, orbital
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