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86 Cards in this Set
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Carbon |
Widely distributed in nature. Its free states appears in various forms like coke, lamblack, or charcoal |
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Amorphous Crystalline |
Two allotropic form of carbon |
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Amorphous |
Randomly arranged; no definite structure (e.g. coal, charcoal, and anthracite) |
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Crystalline |
Definite structure (e.g. diamond and graphite) |
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Activate charcoal |
Used to treat emergency poisoning prior to emesis. Its finely powdered form is used as an absorbent in the treatment of diarrhea. |
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Activated charcoal Tannic acid Magnesium oxide |
3 Components of universal antidote |
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Carbon monoxide |
210x greater affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen leading to asphyxa then death |
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100% O2 Artificial air (80 He and 20 oxygen) Hyperbaric oxygen |
Treatment of carbon monoxide |
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Carbon dioxide |
Aka Carbonic acid gas. Use: potent and effective respiratory stimulant used in the treatment of CO poisoning |
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Dry ice (Solid CO2) |
A refrigerant; hard in the treatment of acne, angiomas, corn and calluses |
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Gray metallic cylinder |
Color of the container of Carbon dioxide |
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KHCO3 |
used as a source of electrolytes |
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Bismuth subcarbonate |
Astringent and protective |
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(NH4)2CO3 |
reflex stimulant and expectorant |
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Silicon |
Is the second most abundant element in earth |
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Siliceous earth |
Also known as the diamaceous earth, infusal earth, Fuller's earth, Kieselghur or Celite Is an excellent inert, non absorbent filter aid --used as non adsorbent filtering aid and mild abrasive |
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Amorphous silica |
Used as gas absorbent dessicants, carriers, fillers and abrasives |
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Silicosis (Si toxicity) |
A lung condition resembling chronic tuberculosis, developing after long exposure (7 years or more) to respirable dust of silicon (silica particles 5 micrometer or less) |
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Aluminum oxide (Alumina) Breathung aluminum dust or aluminum oxide dust regular intervals prevents development of silicosis |
Treatment of silicosis |
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Metasilicic acid Orthosilicic acid Disilicic acid |
Silicon form silicic acids |
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Silicates |
A compound of Si and anion Insoluble in water or acids except for alkali salts Can be attacked by HF to form the gaseous SiF4 |
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Silicon dioxide |
Aka purified siliceous earth or silica Use: absorbent |
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Talc (2MgO . 4SiO . H2O) |
Aka: hydrated Mg silicate, french chalk Softest mineral known Uses: dusting powder as a protective and lubricant and as a filtering aid (due to inertness) Must not be used in broken skin or surgical incisions - impairs wound healing |
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Kaolin |
Aka: China clay, native hydrated aluminum silicate Uses: clarifying agent, intestinal absorbent and protective, dusting powders |
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Bentonite |
Aka: soap clay, mineral soap, native colloidal hydrated aluminum silicate Uses: suspending agent, emulsifier for oil, a base for plasters and ointments |
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Attapulgite |
Aka: polymagma, quintess Use: aborbent for diarrhea (as adsorptive in anti diarrheal products) |
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Simethicone |
Polymeric dimethyl siloxane Use: anti flatulent in gastric bloating and in postoperative gaseous distention in the GI tract |
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Pumice |
Porous rock of volcanic origin Use: dental abrasive |
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Glass |
Made from a vitreous silicate material prepared by fusing a base with pure silica then by cooling to produce a vitreous mass. Has the tendency to affect the integrity of the product |
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MnO2 |
Hides the blue green color pf ion present in silica |
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Borates |
Reduces coefficient of expansion. It also makes the glass alkali and heat resistant |
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K |
Gives a brown and a light resistant glass |
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Pb |
Increases the refractive index of the glass |
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Germanium |
Aka: Eka silicon Used in the manufacture of electronic conductors |
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Tin (Sn) |
Aka: Stannum Used in the preparation of tin cans |
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Cry of tin |
Peculiar sound of bent Sb |
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Stannous fluoride |
Aka: fluoristan Only on Sn compund used pharmaceutical Used as an dental prophylactic Anticariogenic at 8% concentration |
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Stannic oxide |
Aka: Cassiterite Have a germicidal effect particularly against Staphylococcus infections |
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Lead |
Aka: Plambum, Plambum nigrum. Most mettalic element of the group. Highly toxic used in nature as a cumulative poison, is readily absorbed in the intestinal tract and broken skin, deposited in the bone |
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Plubism |
Lead poisoning |
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EDTA, Ca versenate |
Lead poisoning antidote |
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Plumbous acetate |
Aka: sugar of lead Uses: astringent |
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Plumbic acetate |
Aka: goulard's extract Use: astringent and antiseptic |
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Plumbous oxide |
Litharge-natural mineral form of PbO |
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Group IVB ELEMENTS (Titanium Family) |
These are transition elements |
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Trivalent titanium |
Is the most important in Group 4B |
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Titanium |
Aka: Titans, Soms of Eearth Use: powerful reducing agent |
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Titanium oxide Titanium trioxide Titanium dioxide (aka rutile) |
Three oxide forms of Titanium |
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Titanium dioxide |
Has a high refractive index Uses: Opacifying agent in pharmaceutic Used in production of white capsules UV ray protectant- it reflects UV rays to prevent sunburn |
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Nitrogen |
Aka: mephitic air, azote Mkst abudant gas in air and is combined in nitrates and organic compounds |
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Elemental nitrogen |
Employed pharmaceutically as an inert atnosphere in ampules |
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Liquid nitrogen |
Used as an refrigerant |
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Black |
Container of nitrogen |
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Nitrous oxide |
Aka: Laughing gas Used: as a general inhalatory anesthetic |
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Blue |
Container of nitrous oxide |
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Diffusional hypoxia Megablastic anemia |
Side effects of laughing gas |
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Nitrites |
Vasodilator, and treatment for cyanide poisoning |
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Nitrates |
As a meat preservative (but carcinogenic) |
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Sodiym nitrate |
Antidote for cyanide poisoning and as a vasodilator |
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Nitric acid |
Aka: aqua fortis It produces a yellow stain on animal tossues (xanthoproteic test) |
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Phosphorus |
Aka: light carrier and St. Elimo's fire |
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White phosphorus |
Poisonous and flammable (distinctive, disagreeable, ozone like odor) |
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Red phosphorus |
Non poisonous and non flammable |
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Cupric sulfate |
Antidote for white phosphorus |
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Scarlet phosphorus |
Produced by heating PBr3 with Hg at 240 degree celcius |
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Violet phosphorus |
Heating white P with Na to 200 degree celcius |
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Metallic or black phosphorus |
Heating P with Pb at 530 degrees celcius |
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Tribasic phosphates |
Are used as gastric antacids |
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Monobasic alkali phosphate |
Is used in an urinary acidifier and dibasic sodium phosphates is used in saline cathartics and in enemas |
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Phosphates |
Are used as buffer, cathartics and atacids Principle anion in tge intracellular fluid |
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Hypophosphorus acid, NF |
Used as an antioxidant primarily with iodine and ferrous salts |
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Arsenic |
Aka: lewisite metal Component of Salvarson Very poisonous |
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Iron (III) and magnesium hydroxide |
Antidote for arsenic |
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Arsenic trioxide |
Aka: arsenolite Uses: 1mg/ml - treat acute promyelocytic leukemia Used as an insecticide |
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Electrocardiographic abnormalities |
Sode effects of arsenic trioxide |
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Salvarson/Arsphenamine/Compound 606 and Neoselvarsan 914 |
Are early arsemic compounds in the treatment of syphilis |
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Antimony |
Aka: stibium Potentially toxic Use: Expectorant Emetic Enti-helminthic |
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Antimony potassium tartrate |
Aka: tartar emetic, brown mixture Formerly used as an emetic and expectorant |
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Antimony potassium tartrate |
Used in the treatment of schistosomiasis (liver fluke), a type of helminthic infestation that is endemic in eastern Philippines |
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Bismuth |
Aka: Beautiful meadow |
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Bismuth |
Use: Astringent Antiseptic Internal protective for ulcer |
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Bismuth subgallate, subcarbonate and subnitrate |
Used as an astringent, mild germicide, antacid and protective (due to its adherent properties) |
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Colloidal bismuth subcitrate |
Prescribed clinically in the treatment of peptic ulcer |
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Milk of bismuth |
Aka: bismuth cream A mixture of Bi subnitrate and Bi hydroxide Use: Antacid Internal protective esp for gastric ulcer patients Inhibits the growth of H.pylori |
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Niobium |
Aka columbium |
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Tantalum |
Is used in sheet form for use in surgical repair of bones, nerve and tissues |