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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Materials that are utilized in high-technology |
Advanced Materials |
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Examples of Advanced Materials |
1. Electronic equipment 2. Computers 3. Fiber-optic systems 4. Spacecraft 5. Aircraft 6. Military Rocketry |
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3 Types of Advanced Materials |
1. Semiconductors 2. Biomaterials 3. Materials in the Future |
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Have electrical properties that are intermediate between electrical conductors and insulators |
Semiconductor |
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Employed in components implanted into the human body for replacement of diseased or damaged parts |
Biomaterials |
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2 Materials in the Future |
1. Smart Materials 2. Nanoengineered Materials |
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Group of new and state of the art materials now being developed that will have a significant influence on many of our technologies |
Smart materials |
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These materials often have unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties |
Nanoengineered Materials |
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4 Main Groups of Smart Materials |
1. Color changing materials 2. Light emitting materials 3. Moving materials 4. Temperature changing materials |
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Materials that change color due to different external stimuli. |
Color changing materials |
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Materials that change reversibly color with changes in light intensity |
Photochromic materials |
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Change reversibly color with changes in temperature |
Thermocromic materials |
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2 types of color changing materials |
Photochromic materials Thermocromic materials |
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Materials that change the light in some sense, due to some external stimuli. |
Light Emitting Materials |
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3 Types of Light Emitting Materials |
1. Electroluminescent materials 2. Fluorescent materials 3. Phosphorescent materials |
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Produce a brilliant light of different colors when stimulated electronically |
Electroluminescent materials |
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Produce visible or invisible light as a result of incident light of a shorter wavelength |
Fluorescent materials |
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Also called afterglow materials Produce visible or invisible light as a result of incident light of a shorter wavelength, detectable only after the source of the excitement has been removed |
Phosphorescent materials |
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5 types of moving materials |
1. Conducting polymers 2. Dielectric elastomers 3. Piezoelectric materials 4. Polymer gels 5. Shape memory materials (SMM) |
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Materials that in some sense move when exposed to some special external source |
Moving materials |
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Conjugated polymers through which electrons can move from one end of the polymer to the other |
Conducting Polymers |
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-also called electrostrictive polymers - exhibit a mechanical strain when subjected to an electric field |
Dielectric elastomers |
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Produce an electric field when exposed to a change in dimension caused by an imposed mechanical force (piezoelectric or generator effect) |
Piezoelectric materials |
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Consist of a cross-linked polymer network inflated with a solvent such as water |
Polymer gels |
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Metals that after being strained, at a certain temperature revert back to their original shape |
Shape memory alloys (materials) |
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2 types of temperature changing materials |
1. Thermoelectric materials 2. Nanoengineered materials |
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Materials that change temperature in some way when exposed to some sort of external source |
Temperature changing materials |
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Special types of semiconductors that when coupled, function as a "heat pump" |
Thermoelectric materials |
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Materials that are researched through advanced material science called nanotechnology These materials are sized form one thousand nanometers down to one nanometers. This materials often have unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties |
Nanoengineered materials |
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3 Main grouo of Nanometers |
1. Natural nanomaterials 2. Fullerenes 3. Nanoparticles |
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Nanoengineered made through natural process |
Natural nanomaterials |
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Are class of allotropes of carbon which conceptually are graphene sheets rolled into tubes or spheres. |
Fullerenes |
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Nanoengineered materials often made for it's interesting optical and electrical properties |
Nanoparticles |
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8 types of nanoparticles |
1. Nanocrystals 2. Quantum Dots 3. Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) 4. Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLEC) 5. Nanomaterial-based catalyst
6. Magic of Nanoengineering7. Nanoengineered Supermaterials ing7. Nanoengineered Supermaterials 7. Nanoengineered Supermaterials 8. Superconductors |
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Crystalline particles made at a nano scale |
Nanocrystals |
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Very small conductor particles which most types emit light of specific frequencies if electricity or light is applied to them |
Quantum dots |
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A type of Photovoltaic cells that uses organic material rather than semiconductors in converting light to electricity |
Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) |
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A type of light emitting diode that uses organic material rather than semiconductors in emitting light in response to electric current |
Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) |
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Catalytic device made at a nano scale to increase catalytic activity due to greater amount of reaction that can take place simultaneously. |
Nanomaterial-based catalyst |
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Alteration of optical properties using nanoengineering |
Magic of nanoengineering |
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Alteration of mechanical properties using nanoengineering |
Nanoengineered supermaterials |
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Alteration of electrical properties using nanoengineering |
Superconductors |
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Nonviable materials used in a medical device, intended to interact with biological system |
Biomaterials |
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Types of biomaterials |
1. Short term 2. Permanent |
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Physical Requirements |
1. Hard materials 2. Flexible materials |
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Chemical requirements |
1. Must not react with any tissue in the body 2. Must be non-toxic to the body 3. Long-term replacement must not be biodegradable |
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Applications of biomaterials |
1. Intraocular lenses 2. Vascular f Grafts 3. Hip replacements 4. Heart valve 5. Artificial Tissue 6. Dental implants |
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Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) |
Also known as: Acrylic/acrylic glass Plexiglas Acrylite Lucite Perspex |
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He had noticed PMMA to be inert in eyes of World War II aviators struck by flying plastic during combat |
Harold Ridley |
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- A surgical procedure performed to redirect blood flows from one area to another by reconnecting blood vessels - must be flexible - often recognized by body as foreign - arteriovenous graft (AVG) |
Vascular grafts |
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- Most common medical practice using biomaterials - Corrosion resistant high-strength metal alloys - materials are made of titanium, chromium and cobalt |
Hip-replacements |
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- Fabricated from carbons, metals, elastomers, fabrics, and natural valves - must NOT react with chemicals in body - attached by polyester mesh - tissue growth facilitated by polar oxygen-containing groups |
Heart valve |
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- Biodegradable - Polymer result of condensation of lactic acid and glycolic acid |
Artificial tissue |
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Small titanium fixture that serves as the replacement for the root portion of a missing natural tooth |
Dental implants |