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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Right Margin Structures
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Structures: (superior→inferior): superior vena cava, R atrium, Inferior vena cava
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Left Margin Structures
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Structures: aortic arch, pulmonary trunk, auricle L atrium, L ventricle
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Base of heart
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where great vessels leave (superior)
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Apex heart
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lower left portion of heart
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RA features
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Auricle – vestige of the primitive heart
Crista terminalis – internal ridge that seperates pectinate muscle from smooth surface Coronary sinus – coronary vessel venous drainage site. On deep/posterior wall. Fossa ovalis – embryological remnant from R→L blood shunt in utero |
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RV features
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R AtrioVentricular or tricuspid valve stops backflow into RA
Papillary muscle – each flap of valve (3) has 2 muscle + 2 chordae tenidae connections Moderator band – specialized electric conduction system in ventricles Trabeculae carnae – muscle that creates valley/ridges |
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LA features
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Most posterior heart structure, near great vessels, incoming 2 pairs pulmonary veins
Smooth inner surface, still see foreamen ovale (remnant of fossa ovalis) |
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LV features
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2 chordae tendinae/papillary muscles stabalize mitral (L atrioventricular valve)
Rough inner surface, thickest chamber walls |
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Sulci of heart (3) – where vessels travel
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Atrioventricular (coronary) – seperates atria from ventricles
Anterior interventricular – as name suggests Posterior interventricular – as name suggests |
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Auscultatory Areas
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(where valve best heard)
Aortic area – 2nd i.c.s. right of sternum Pulmonic area – 2nd i.c.s. left of sternum Tricuspid area – left of sternal body, superior to xiphisternal junction (xyphoid process) Mitral area – underneath left breast, about mid clavicular |
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Right coronary a. (ant coronary sulcus)
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R marginal a. (RV supply)→Posterior interventricular a. (sometimes)
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Left coronary a.
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→ Ant. Interventricular a. (ant. IV sulcus)
→ circumflex branch. A . (post AV (coronary) sulcus) |
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Papillary muscle names & locations
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Anterior papillary muscle – both right and left ventricles
Posterior papillary muscle – both right and left ventricles Septal papillary muscle – right ventricle only |
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Pectinate muscle location & description
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(right atrium) & prominent ridges atrial myocardium on inner surface atrium & both auricles.
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Trabeculae carnae location & description & function
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(inner surface ventricles), papillary muscles & round/irregular muscle columns & prevent suction (smooth wall), aid contracting valves
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Interventricular Septum
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thick muscle separates ventricles.
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Pericardial Sac layers (outer to inner)
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1. Outer - fibrous pericardium
2. Inner - serous pericardium (2 parts) 2a. parietal pericardium (fused & inseperable fibrous pericardium 2b. visceral pericardium - part of epicardium (layer just outside myocardium) |
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Crista terminalis
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slightly raised portion that separates pectinate muscle (RA) from smooth surface that is closer to vena cava incoming to RA
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Moderator band
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found RV. concentric band just inferior to anterior papilary muscle
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RCA distributions
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RA, most RV, part of LV (diaphra. surface), post. 1/3 IV spetum, 60% time SA node, 80% time AV node
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LCA distributions
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LA, most LV, part, RV, Ant 2/3 IN septum, AV bundle, 40% time SA node
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Small cardiac v. (paired a.) (location)
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Small cardiac v. (r marginal a.) (ant. Coronary sulcus)
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Great Cardiac v. (paired a.) (location)
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Great cardiac v. (ant intervent a.) (ant. Interventricular sulcus)
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Middle Cardiac v. (paired a.) (location)
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Middle cardiac v. (post. Cardiac v.) (post. Interventricular sulcus)
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Coronary sinus (paired a.) (location)
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Coronary sinus (post. Coronary sulcus)
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Ant Cardiac v. (paired a.) (location)
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Ant. Cardiac v. (none) (drains directly into RA)
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Cardiac Plexus
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parasympathetic & sympathetic innervation & afferents (sensory)
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Cardiac Parasympathetic
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Parasympathetic (vagus) preganglionic that synapse in ganglia in plexus or on atria walls.
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Cardiac Sympathetics
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Sympathetics postganglionic from cervical/upper thoracic symp chain ganglia
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Heart Equivalents to Vessel layers
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Tunica intima = endocardium
Tunica media = myocardium Tunica adventitia = epicardium/visceral pericardium |
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Endocardium
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Endocardium – endothelium layer (basement layer), subendothelia CT (elastic/collagen/myocardium)
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Myocardium
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Myocardium – thickest part, attach to fibrous skeleton
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Epicardium
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Epicardium – CT layer(collagen, elastin) (nerves, nerve ganglia, lymphaic, vessels, adipocytes)
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