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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Metronidazole is what kind of drug?
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anti-parasitic (anaerobics)
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Tinidazole is what kind of drug?
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anti-parasitic (anaerobics)
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Which enzyme does anaerobic organisms use to metabolize pyruvate?
A. Pyruvate dehdrogenase (PDH) B. Pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) |
Pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR)
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Metronidazole/Tinidazole MOA?
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The inactive form (prodrug) is taken up by anaerobic organisms
Reduced ferredoxin (generated from the decarboxylation of pyruvate by pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase) can transfer its electrons to metronidazole Anaerobic organisms also express nitroreductase that selectively reduces metronidazole and in the process oxidizes NADPH to NADP The active form disrupts DNA's helical structure and inhibits nucleic acid synthesis causing cell or organism death It is equally effective against dividing and non dividing cells |
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Metronidazole is selectively toxic toward what type of pathogens
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anaerobic and microaerophilic pathogens
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Which of the following are classified as anaerobic or amitochondriate parasites? (select all that apply)
Ascaris lumbricoides Cryptosporidium Entamoeba histolytica Giardia Schistosomes Strongyloides Trichomonas vaginalis |
Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia Trichomonas vaginalis |
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what bugs can Metronidazole treat?
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Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia Trichomonas vaginalis "GET MET" |
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A person ingests a mature Entamoeba histolytica cyst in fecally contaminated food. What happens to it?
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excystation occurs in the small intestine and trophozoites are released, which migrate to the large intestine
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What are the different type of infections or diseases caused by Entamoeba histolytica?
A. non-invasive infection (asymptomatic) B. Intestinal disease C. extra-intestinal |
A. non-invasive infection (asymptomatic)
B. Intestinal disease C. extra-intestinal |
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3 things entamoeba histolytica can do
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1. be asymptomatic (cyst passer)
2. intestinal ulcer 3. liver abscess |
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Treatment of amebiasis has 2 approaches in general, what are they
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Treat organisms in the lumen of the GI tract
LUMINICIDAL agents Treat the organisms in the tissues (e.g. invaded the intestinal wall or liver) TISSUECIDAL agents |
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Metronidazole would be effective in killing Entamoeba histolytica that are located where? 2
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Intestinal ulcer (small intestine)
Liver Abscess it is very well absorbed, so it won't really hit the large intestine (it gets taken up at the small intestine) |
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clinical use for Metronidazole/Tinidazole
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Symptomatic intestinal amebiasis or with extraintestinal infections (DOC)
Mostly tissuecidal Luminicidal effects are not reliable (aka THE BUG WILL STILL BE THERE) Used in combination with a luminicidal agent |
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Why do you not use metronidazole for asymptomatic Amebiasis?
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amebaes are only in the lumen of the colon, met is well absorbed from gut
low concentration of the drug in the colon |
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A person ingests a Giardia cyst in fecally contaminated water. What happens to it?
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excystation occurs in the small intestine and trophozoites are released and REMAIN in the lumen of the proximal small intestine
aka it just chills in the small intestine |
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Will metronidazole be effective against Giardia?
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Fuck yea!
giardia sits in the small intestine, and Met gets absorbed here |
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Where does Trichomonas vaginalis reside?
A)lumen of large intestine B)lumen of the small intestine C)female lower genital tract and male urethra and prostate |
C) female lower genital tract and male urethra and prostate
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Will metronidazole be effective against Trichomonas vaginalis ?
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hell yes
GET MET! |
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Nausea, metallic taste, headache, and neuropathy can be side effects of what anti-parasitic drug?
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Metronidazole
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Which of the following would be BEST to do when network file sharing is needed?
(Select TWO). |
1.Set a disk quota.
2.Place the share on a different volume than the operating system. |
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Red-brown urine side effect of what?
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Metronidazole
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dude is on an anti-parasitic and drinks a beer. gets super fucking sick. what was he on?
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Metronidazole
Disulfiram-like effects |
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What do you notice about the chemical structure of iodoquinol?
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iodine containing
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use for Iodoquinol
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Luminal amebocide ONLY
Kills trophozoites and cysts in gut can kill your amoeba friends |
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pt was recently infected with an amoeba parasite, and is now taking a drug to get rid of it. They start itching like mad, including in their bung hole. What drug are they on?
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Iodoquinol
Luminal amebocide ONLY Kills trophozoites and cysts in gut |
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Thyroid enlargement and altered thyroid function tests is a side effect of what drug
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Iodoquinol
Luminal amebocide ONLY Kills trophozoites and cysts in gut |
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Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) is a rare side effect of what anti-parasitic drug
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Iodoquinol
Luminal amebocide ONLY Kills trophozoites and cysts in gut |
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MOA for Paromomycin
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An aminoglycoside!
Not sure how it works as antiparasite Maybe it kills off gut bacteria, which is food for Entamoeba Luminal amebocide ONLY |
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When might you use iodoquinol and/or paromomycin (administered orally)?
A) to kill entamoeba histolytica in a liver abscess B) to kill entamoeba histolytica in the lumen of the large intestine C) to kill trichomonas vaginalis D) to kill giardia in the lumen of the small intestine |
B) to kill entamoeba histolytica in the lumen of the large intestine
D) to kill giardia in the lumen of the small intestine |
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clinical use for Iodoquinol and Paromomycin
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Asymptomatic amebiasis
Symptomatic intestinal amebiasis or with extraintestinal infections note: paromomycin is used for giardia, Iodoquinol isn't |
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MOA of Nitazoxanide
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Exact MOA unclear!
Appears to interfere with pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) dependent electron transfer reactions But does not appear to produce DNA mutations |
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Is pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) involved with aerobic or anaerobic metabolism?
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anaerobic
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clinical use (DOC) of Nitazoxanide (one is unique thus far)
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DOC Giardia
DOC Cryptosporidium (in non-HIV infected patients) |
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what kind of drug are Benzimidazoles
basic moa? |
- inhibit metabolism
Immobilize worm Worm Dies/Expelled |
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what kind of drug is Pyrantel pamoate
basic moa? |
Cause paralysis
Immobilize worm Worm Dies/Expelled |
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what kind of drug is Ivermectin
basic moa? |
Cause paralysis
Immobilize worm Worm Dies/Expelled |
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what kind of drug is Prazaquantal
basic moa? |
Cause paralysis
Immobilize worm Worm Dies/Expelled |
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Would mebendazole be effective for killing Ascaris lumbricoides or Schistosoma?
Ascaris-->in intestine Schistosma->peripheral veins |
Ascaris
Mebendazole isn't well absorbed orally, so it can't hit the peripheral veins |
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DOC for intestinal roundworm (hook,pin, whipworm) (2)
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Mebendazole and Albendazole
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dude has squiggly wavy redness under the skin. It was likely gotten from a dog or cat. What drug would you sue?
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Albendazole
note: you cannot use Mebendazole because it wont get to the skin note this is: cutaneous lava migrans |
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DOC for cutaneous lava migrans
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Albendazole
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treatment for threadworm?
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Albendazole
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Mebendazole and Albendazole major adverse affect?
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TERATOGENIC
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Thiabendazole is used for what? how is it taken?
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Fairly broad spectrum, but toxicity limits its use to:
Strongyloides (threadworm) Cutaneous larva migrans (topically) |
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Dizziness, disturbed color vision
Hallucinations Seizures Stevens-Johnson syndrome are side-effects of what? |
Thiabendazole
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Pyrantel pamoate can be used to treat
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roundworms (intestinal, not well absorbed)
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pt is pregnant and gets infected with a GI ringworm. What drug should you use?
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Pyrantel pamoate
PPP (Pyrantel pamoate-->Pregnancy) |
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Would pyrantel pamoate be useful for treating cutaneous larval migrans?
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NO
it is used for GI roundworms in preggo ladies |
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this drug can be used to treat roundworms, for thread, and cutaneous larva migrans, because it is well absorbed
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Ivermectin
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Mazzotti-like reaction
Inflammatory or allergic response to dying microfilariae Intense itching, enlargement and tenderness of lymph nodes, rash, fever, tachycardia, arthralgias and headache this is a side effect of what anti-parasitic drug |
Ivermectin
(broad spectrum, cutaneous and GI anti-worm) |
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what does Praziquantel treat?
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Tape worm and Blood fluke (schistosoma)
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if you see a tape worm or a blood fluke what do you treat it with?
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Praziquantel
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this anti-parasitic drug increases the rate of abortion
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Praziquantel
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What can you use to treat Roundworms (giant, hookworm, whipworm, pinworm)
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Mebendazole
Albendazole Pyrantel Pamoate |
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What can you use to treat cutaneous larva migrans?
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Ivermectin
Albendazole Thiabendazole |
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What can you use to treat threadworm?
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Ivermectin
Albendazole Thiabendazole |
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What can you use to treat tapeworms?
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Prazaquantel
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What can you use to treat flukes?
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Prazaquantel
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If you have a patient with roundworms who is pregnant, what must you use
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Pyrantel Pamoate
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What do you use for symptomatic amebiasis?
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Metronidazole
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What can Metronidazole treat
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Symptomatic amebiasis
Giardia Trichomonas |
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What can be used to treat amebas in the colon?
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Paromomycin
Idoquinol |
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What is the DOC for Giardia
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Paromomycin
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DOC for cryptosporidium?
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Nitazoxanide
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