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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rock |
Solid accumulation of one of more minerals |
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Mineral |
inorganic substance composed of elements |
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Element |
Chemical substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
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Four characteristics of minerals |
solid, natural, inorganic, same chemical composition, same internal structure |
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lithosphere |
earth's crust and upper mantle |
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What is the elements in the lithosphere |
oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron |
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Common rock-forming materials |
Mica, Olivine, Calcite, Quartz |
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Why is colour not a good indicator |
Many minerals have same colour and many minerals have many colours |
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Lustre |
how a mineral reflects light |
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Cleavage |
The ability of a mineral to break along flat planes |
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Fracture |
If a mineral breaks smoothly, but not along a flat surface |
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Streak |
colour of powder left by dragging a mineral across an streak plate |
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hardness of common items |
2.5 - finger nail 3.5 - penny 4.5 - wire nail 5.5 - glass 6.5 - streak plate |
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Density |
how heavy a mineral feels |
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Heft |
Testing if a mineral feels heavier than it looks |
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Other ways to test a mineral |
Taste (salty = halite), Acid (Fizz), Magnetism (magnetite), Fluorescence, Double Refraction |
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Silicates |
Combination of the elements silicon and oxygen, Quartz |
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Ferromagnesian Silicates |
silicates containing elements Fe and Mg, Olive pyrocenes biotite |
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Carbonates |
An element combined with Oxygen, hermatite and magnetite |
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Sulfides |
A metallic element combined with sulfur, galena, used in production of lead and sulfur |
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sulfates |
gypsum, used to make dry wall for construction |
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Halides |
NaCl, compounds containing halogen elements Cl and F |
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Native Elements |
rare, Diamond gold silver |
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Solution |
A mixed fluid that contains metals |
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Vein |
A layer of ore (mineral of value) between layers or rock |
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Where do Minerals come from? |
Crystallization of melted materials (as magma cools, crystals form) and Crystallization of materials dissolved in water (evaporation of water and Black Smokers/hydrothermal vents) |
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What does Bowen's Reaction Series tell us? |
Sequence of crystallization from a silicate melt |
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Ore |
Rock worth mining |
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Uses of Calcopyrite |
Copper |
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Uses of galena |
(lead) plumbing |
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Uses of Sphalerite |
(zinc) construction, sunscreen |
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Uses of molybdenite |
Steel processing, knifes |
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Uses of gypsum |
construction (dry wall) |
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Uses of limestone |
fertilizer, concrete |
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Where are useful/valuable minerals found? |
Placer Deposits (slower parts of the stream), Hydrothermal Vein Deposits (Areas surrounding the black smokers) |
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What causes mineral deposits to develop? |
Magma heating ground water, weathering and erosion of mineral-bearing areas, chemical processes |
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Name 3 fossil fuels |
oil, gas, coal |
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How does Coal form? |
tropical swamps die, get buried, and chemically change |
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How does Oil and Gas form? |
Ancient Ocean might grow organisms, die and get buried, and changes chemically |
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How is oil and gas stored underground? |
Gaps and pore spaces between sediments |
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What are some factors which determine whether a resource is economically feasible to extract? |
environmental concerns, safety concerns, concentration too low, too far from market, land right concerns |