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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A graded stream is no longer moving sediment?
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False
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A one-hundred year flood could happen two years in a row?
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True
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A rocket launched to the north from the equator would appear to deflect to the
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East
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A well-sorted gravel is likely to have greater porosity than a silty sandstone (sandstone with some silt sized grains?
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True
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All groundwater is fresh?
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False
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Basal sliding in glaciers happens year round?
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False
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Deltas can form in lakes?
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True
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Freshwater is less dense than salt water?
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true
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Glacial ice below the snowline formed there?
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False
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Glacial sediment is called what?
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Till
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Glacial valleys are V-shaped?
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False
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Glaciers are just large bodies of ice and snow?
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False
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Groundwater commonly moves at velocities of meters a day or more?
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False
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Hurricanes rotate counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere?
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True
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Ice can both flow and crack?
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True
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Ice in glaciers slides and shears?
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True
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Ice thoroughly sorts the sediment it transports?
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False
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If you melt all the ice on the planet, very little land will be left exposed?
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False
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Mantle outgassing occurs everywhere and at all times as water slowly escapes the mantle?
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False
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Most of the world's oceans are underlain by abyssal plains?
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True
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Most of the world's water is saline?
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True
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Natural levees form primarily during floods?
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True
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Oceans cover about what percentage of the planet?
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70%
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On which side of a river bend would you expect to find a sand or point bar?
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Inside
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Permeability varies little between different rock types?
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False
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Retreating glaciers flow uphill?
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False
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Small, steep mountain streams have higher competence than major trunk streams?
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False
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Stream long profiles are concave up?
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True
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Streams with high discharge and low sediment supply can erode below base level?
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False
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Terminal moraines form as the flowing ice in a glacier bulldozes sediment?
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False
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The downwind side of mountains typically receives more rain than the upwind side?
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False
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The ease of erosion of clasts increases as the size of the clasts decreases, continuing to the smallest clast sizes?
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False
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The most reasonable velocity for glacier flow is?
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50 m/year
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The oceans are really one interconnected ocean?
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True
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The peak discharge during a one-hundred year flow is exactly twice that of a fifty-year flood?
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False
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The residence time of water in the atmosphere is about two weeks?
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True
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The residence time of water in the oceans in about two weeks?
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False
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The water in Earth's oceans today has been there since the formation of the planet?
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False
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The water table is visible within 1 km of the classroom?
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True
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There is no strong evidence that the amount of water on Earth's surface has changed dramatically in the last 100 Ma?
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True
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Turbulent flow is better at carrying sediment?
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True
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Urban construction, especially concrete, has reduced the likelihood of flooding in urban floodplains?
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False
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Water can both leave the mantle and go back in?
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True
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Water in the hydrosphere may have be from (at least in part) from comets?
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True
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What typically happens with distance downstream to the average size of clasts carried by a river?
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Decreases
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Which of the following is the least likely cause of a stream terrace?
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rise in stream base level
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Which type of sediment transport has the fastest average sediment velocity?
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Suspended Load
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How much of earth's water is ocean?
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97.2%
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What is groundwater?
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Water stored in the subsurface in pores and cracks.
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What is porosity?
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The ratio of void volume to total volume of a material
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What is permeability?
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the ability of a material to allow fluids to pass through an interconnecting network of pores
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What is an aquifer?
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porous sediment or rocks that transmit water easily
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What is an aquitard?
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sediment or rocks with very low permeability
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What is "unconfined?"
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if water can percolate down to it from the surface
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What is "confined?
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if water cannot reach it from surface
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What is the zone of aeration?
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near-surface region where pore space is not filled
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What is the zone of saturation?
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deeper regions where pores are filled
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What is the water table?
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the surface separating the zones of aeration and saturation
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What is laminar fluid flow?
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Parallel streamlines
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What is turbulent flow?
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Crossing streamlines, mixingq
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What is a sediment load?
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total of all sediment carried by a flow (stream or air)
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What is a channel?
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path of water except at flood stage
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What is a natural levee?
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sediment banks rimming channel
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What is a flood plain?
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flats bordering channel and covered during floods
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What is a stream valley?
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topographic highs delimiting floodplain
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What is a thalweg?
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path of fastest flow, usually above deepest portion of the stream channel
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What is a peneplain?
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Nearly flat surface produced by meandering streams and denudation (erosion)
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Are long profiles concave up or down?
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Up
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What is an alluvial fan?
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Result of ephemeral streams suddenly dumping sediment at mountain front and creates fan-shaped apron of coarse sediment
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What is a delta?
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Sedimentary deposit formed where streams enter standing water
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What is a flood?
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River “stage” exceeds level of stream channel
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What percentage of the world does the oceans cover?
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71%
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What is the average salinity of the ocean?
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35%
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What is a gyre?
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Circular surface currents
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What is a tsunami caused by?
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Caused by sudden displacement of ocean floor
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