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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The ability of codons to match with the appropriate amino acids is called |
Codon recognition |
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Why can we manufacture insulin for humans with bacteria? |
Because our genetic code is universal |
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What is used in the codon chart, a reflection of which type of code |
MRNA |
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Because the same codon specify, the same, amino acids in nearly all organisms we say that the genetic code is |
Universal |
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A scientist identifies two different structures that both specify, the same amino acid. How do scientist describe the structures |
Degenerate |
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What form of regulation can both increase and decrease the rate of transcription |
Chromatin modification |
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On the regulatory mechanism of DNA methylation is passed onto your offspring, it is known as |
Imprinting |
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What is the effect of DNA methylation on gene expression? |
It inhibits gene expression |
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Which of the following is not true |
All eukaryotic promoters contain a TATA box |
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How much of the human genome contains protein coding DNA? |
2% |
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Which type of RNA molecule contains an anti-codon |
TRNA |
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How many amino acids are specified by each different codon |
Only one |
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What is the anti-codon for the code on AAG |
UUC |
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Which of the following is the correct sequence in which a sequence is used to produce a protein |
MRNA, tRNA, amino acids |
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What is the T stand for in tRNA? |
Transfer |
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Which two types of nucleic acids move into the ribosome during translation |
MRNA and tRNA |
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What is another term for a chain of amino acids? |
Polypeptide |
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How many subunits make up the ribosome complex? |
Two |
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What type of molecule is released during the formation of a peptide bond? |
Water |
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Why are ribosomes important? |
They make polypeptide assembly possible |
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During translation protein X, the codon UAA is found on the mRNA this codon codes for |
The termination of the protein synthesis |
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All of the following statements are correct, except |
The anti-codon is part of the mRNA |
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In which step does ribosome reach a stop codon in in the process of translation |
Termination |
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In which step is the polypeptide continue to grow, as amino acids are added to the chain |
Elongation |
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Which step to the tRNA, and mRNA first join up in the ribosome |
Initiation |
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Which of the following statements correctly describe the behavior of the sickle cell hemoglobin |
Sickle cell hemoglobin form polymers of proteins where all of the subunits of many different hemoglobin molecules come together, and form a very long strand |
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How is the tertiary structure of a protein different from that of the quaternary structure? |
The tertiary structure is a complete 3-D structure of a protein or peptide, including all of its atom arrangements while a quaternary structure is a complete 3-D structure of a protein that contains multiple peptides and proteins |
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Identify the secondary structure that is not held together by hydrogen bonds |
Random coil |
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Choose the structure that represents the order of amino acids in a protein |
Primary |
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The breakdown of proteins secondary tertiary and quaternary structure is called |
Denaturation |
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How are ubiquilation phosphorylation and glycosylation similar |
They are all processes that can occur on a protein or polypeptide after translation |
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If a chain of ubiquitins are added to a protein, then how will it likely affect the protein |
Protein will be destroyed |
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Which type of enzyme adds a phosphate group to target proteins |
Kinase |
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Which type of reversal post translational modification can activate or deactivate a protein, depending on which protein is targeted |
Phosphorylation |
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Which type of post translational control, primarily marks proteins that are located in the cell membrane or are secreted out of the cell |
Glycosylation |
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Which single nucleotide makes up the 5’ cap |
Guanine |
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Which part of a gene produces a protein product |
Exons |
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Which of the following is a potential mechanism to control translation by alternative splicing |
Different exon combinations, allow for translation of different proteins from the same gene |
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For an mRNA molecule is finished with it RNA processing. What is it called? |
Precursor mRNA |
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What are the functions of sliceosomes in RNA splicing? |
They remove intervening introns between exons, and join the resulting end of the exon |