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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chemical reactions that occur within a living cell.
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Metabolism
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Metabolic processes that break down molecules.
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Catabolism
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Metabolic processes that create molecules.
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Anabolism
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Amount of energy within a system that is available to do work.
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Free energy
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Chemical reactions that release energy.
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Exergonic
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Chemical reactions that require the addition of free energy to complete.
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Endergonic
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Common reaction that produces free energy for use in other reactions.
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ATP hydrolysis
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A variable amount of energy needed to overcome an unfavorable step in the chemical process. Catalysts help lower this.
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Activation energy
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Protein-based catalyst.
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Enzyme
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Molecule that binds to an enzyme.
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Substrate
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Altering the form of the substrate slightly to better fit the activation site of an enzyme.
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Induced fit
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Controlling the amount of enzymatic products by turning the enzyme on or off when the quantity of the product or inputs reaches certain levels.
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Feedback inhibition
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Catabolistic process that does not use oxygen.
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Fermentation
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Process that converts oxygen to water.
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Oxidative phosphorylation
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What happens when ATP is hydrolyzed?
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A phosphate groups separates and energy is released. The remaining molecule is now ADP.
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How does ADP become ATP?
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ADP binds with a phosphate group and takes in energy.
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Chemical reaction that involves electron transfer.
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Redox reaction
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In a redox reaction, the chemical that lost electrons has been ____.
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Oxidized
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In a redox reaction, the chemical that gained electrons has been ____.
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Reduced
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What types of electrons have a very negative redox potential?
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Electrons with a high amount of energy
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Breakdown of sugar into pyruvate.
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Glycolysis
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Part of cellular respiration involving the breakdown of smaller molecules with the release of carbon dioxide.
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Krebs Cycle
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Process that directly donates a phosphate to ADP to make ATP.
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Substrate level phosphorylation
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Intermediate steps used to gather energy incrementally from high-energy electrons.
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Electron transport chain
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Another name for an electrochemical gradient composed of hydrogen ions.
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Proton motive force
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Protein used to drive the creation of ATP through a hydrogen ion gradient.
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ATP synthase
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Term meaning "lacking oxygen."
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Anaerobic
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Organisms that must consume other high-energy oganisms.
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Heterotrophs
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Process that extracts solar energy for use in chemical processes.
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Photosynthesis
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Organisms that can extract energy from the environment.
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Autotrophs
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Cell organelle that is the site of photosynthesis.
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Chloroplast
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Products of light reactions in photosynthesis.
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ATP and NADPH
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Products of Calvin cycle in photosynthesis.
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Carbohydrates
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Molecules that absorb different wavelengths of light.
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Pigment molecules
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Units of pigment within chloroplasts.
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Light-harvesting units
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Where do the electrons from photosystem II go?
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To photosystem I
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Where do the electrons from photosystem I go?
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To be used to generate NADPH.
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What does the electron transport chain of photosystem II drive?
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ATP creation
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