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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
tarsal bones of the foot
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talus calcaneus navicular ccuboid and cuneforms
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# of sesamoid bones in the foot
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2
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name the arches of the foot
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medial and lateral longitudinal arches and the transverse arch
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ligaments that support the arches of the foot
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plantar calcaneonavicular
short and long plantar ligaments plantar aponeurosis |
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clinical note: correction of fallen arch
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custom orthotics can correct the faulty foot biomechanics
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dynamic supports of the arch of the foot
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tibialis posterior tibialis anterior flexus hallucis longus fibularis longus and intrinsic plantar muscles
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passive/static support of the arch of the foot
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plantar aponeurosis long plantar ligament short plantar ligament and plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
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Hallux vagus
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lateral deviation of the phalanges of the great toe, subluxation of the sesamoid bones and subsequently altered biomechanics of the flexor hallucis longus tendon,
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bunion
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inflammation of soft tissues of first MTP joint followed by bone deposition
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contributing factors to bunion and hallux vagus
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poor fitting high heeled narrow toes shoes
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plantar aponeurosis
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a thickening of deep facia in the sole of the foot. It is firmly anchored to the calcaneus and passes forward as thick bands which enter the toes connecting with bone, ligaments and the dermis of the skin
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superficial transverse metatarsal ligaments
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are transverse fibers bands that connect the longitudinal bands of the aponeurosis
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the plantar aponeurosis supports...
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the longitudinal arch of the foot and protects deeper structures
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clinical note: Plantar fasciiatis
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inflammation of the plantar fascia at its attachment site on the calcaneus; can lead to a heel spur if contributing factors are not modified; presents as pain in heel or arch
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fibrous digital sheaths
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flexor tendons enter these and they contain inner synovial sheaths to decrease friction
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extensor hoods
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provide attachment for intrinsic muscles (interossei and lumbricals) of the foot with an arrangement that is similar to the hand
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Layer one how many muscles?
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three:two abductors and one flexor
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abductors of layer one
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abductor hallucis and abductor digiti minimi
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flexor digitorum brevus
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flexor of layer one; the tendon splits and inserts to the middle phalynx
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layer two muscles
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quadratus plantae, 4 lumbricals and long flexor tendons
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layer three muscles
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flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis and flexor digit minimi |
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flexor hallucis brevis
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has two heads each with a sesamoid bone
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layer 4 muscles
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3 plantar interossei and 4 dorsal interossei
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plantar interossei
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adduction
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dorsal interossei
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abduction the second digit is the reference point for abduction
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arteries in the sole of the foot
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posterior tibial artery divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries
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lateral artery
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makes up the plantar arch from which branch the plantar metatarsal arteries
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plantar metatarsal arteries
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give rise to the common digital and digital arteries to the phalanges
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arteries ont eh dorsum of the foot
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dorsalis pedis-contiuation of the anterior tibial artery
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superficial veins
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great saphenous and lesser saphenous; originate from the dorsal venous arch of the foot
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great saphenous
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travels proximally on the medial aspect of the leg and thigh
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cutaneous innervation of dorsum of foot (medial to lateral)
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saphenous, superficial fibular, sural in between the great toe and 2nd toe is innervation from dep fibular
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cutaneous innervatio nof the planter aspect of foot (medial to lateral and tehn the heel)
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saphenous, medial plantar, lateral plantar, sural and teh heel is tibial nerve
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superficial plantar surface
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note cutaneous calcaneal branch of the tibial nerve
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tibial nerve
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divides into the medial and lateral plantar nerves which branch to innervate the muscles of the foot and associated regions of the skin
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clinical note:morton's neuroma
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certain activities such as running can cause the matatarsal bones to lean into each other and pinch the nerve between them. the deep transverse metatarsal ligaments holds the metatarsals together. the common plantar nerve becomes swollen and this makes the condition worse. the nerve becomes scarred. the nerve most frequently involved is the nerve between the 2nd, and 3rd or 3rd and 4th metatarsal heads
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medial planter nerve innervates
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4 muscles in the sole of the foot
flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, abductor hallucis and 1st lumbrical |
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lateral plantar nerve innervates
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all of the rest of the intrinsic muscles of teh foot
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lateral plantar nerve similar to
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ulnar nerve in the hand
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medial plantar nerve similar to
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median nerve in hand
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clinical note: tibial nerve compression in tarsal tunnel
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may be compressed at the ankle as it courses through tarsal tunnel adjacent to medial malleolus. patients may have pain and paresthesia in the sole of the foot and weakness of the intrinsic muscles of the foot
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fibularis tertius
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muscle in teh anterior compartment of the leg
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proximal attachment of fibularis tertius
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distal fibula and attaches to the dorsal 5th metatarsal
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innervation of fibularis tertius
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deep fibular nerve
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function of fibularis tertius
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dorsi flexion and eversion
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extensor digitorum brevis insertion
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lateral aspect of tendons of extensor digitorum longus
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extensor hallucis brevis insertion
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base of the proximal phalynx
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extensor digitorum brevis origin
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calcaneus
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extensor digitorum brevis innervation
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deep fibular nerve
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extensor hallucis brevis origin and innervation
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calcaneus and the deep fibular nerve
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dorsalis pedis artery
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farthest palpable vessel from the heart; important for assessing peripheral circulation
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palpate dorsalis pedis artery:
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between extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus tendons
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