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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
malnutrition |
Lack of nutrition, caused by -not enough food -not enough nutrients -not absorbing nutrients
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Digestion |
breaking down food into things the body can use through mechanical and enzymatic action |
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Peristalsis |
Constriction and relaxation of the muscles in the intestine to push food forward |
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Villi (plural) |
elongated projections set closely together to increase surface are and the amount of space available for absorption. |
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Oxidation |
dont know |
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Anemia |
deficiency of red blood cells (which carry oxygen to tissues) leads to weariness |
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Enzyme |
a substance produced by a living organisms, helps organic molecules enter into chemical reactions. Helps in digestion |
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chyme |
Pulpy, acidic fluid that passes from stomach to small intestine (made up of gastric juice and partly digested food) |
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Glucose |
A simple sugar that is an energy source in living organisms, component of carbohydrates |
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Calories |
A unit of energy. Amount of energy needed to heat 1 gram of water up 1 degree C |
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DRI |
Dietary Reference Intake, a set of guidelines for the daily intake of nutrients and other food components. Used by governments to make policies and nutrition labels, and to fortify food |
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esophagus |
Part of the body that connects the throat and the stomach |
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pancreas |
large gland behind the stomach that makes digestive enzymes |
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glycogen |
Substance in bodily tissues that contain a store of carbohydrates (stored glucose) |
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Homeostasis |
Body seeks to maintain a condition of balance within the internal environment, when the external environment changes (example- sweating) |
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RDA |
Recommended dietary allowance- estimated amount a nutrient per day that is considered necessary |
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Basal Matabolism
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the minimum amount of energy necessary to maintain respiration, circulation, and other vital function while fasting and at rest(not eating and not moving)
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Absorbtion
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When cells, tissues, or organs, take on substances through diffusion (intermingling) or osmosis (passing though membrane)
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Metabolism
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Physical and chemical process occurring within a living organism that is necessary to maintain life
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Vital
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Essential, absolutely necessary
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Sugar
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A simple carbohydrate (two types)
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Monosaccharides
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-A type of sugar made up of one molecule
-glucose, fructose, and galactose |
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Disaccharides
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Made when two sugar molecules linked together (two monosachharides) and form sucrose, maltose, dextrose, and lactose
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Simple Carb
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-Made of just one or two sugar molecules
-digest quickly -Found in sugary foods |
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Complex Carb
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-Made of sugar molecules strung together
-take longer to digest -found in whole plant foods (green vegetables, whole grains, potatoes) -also called dietary starch |
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Carbohydrate
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-Primary source of energy -in order to be used they must be broken down into one sugar molecule |
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Polysaccharide
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-3 or more units
-starch -glycogen -fiber (not a source of energy) -releases sugar slowly and evenly |
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Dietary Fibre
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Soluble:
-dissolves in water -keeps bowel movements regular Insoluble: -does not dissolve in water Sources: vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains |
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Sugar substitute
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-Carbohydrates that are used in place of glucose and sucrose
-fructose, sorbitol, xylitol |