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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
NFPA |
Air, heat, fuel |
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Extinguisher Classifications |
A- common combustibles B- flammable liquids and gases C- live electrical equipment D- combustible metals K- cooking media |
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Egress |
Need emergency power for at least 2 hours and plan developed by architect and approved by fired department. Consider local code limit on how far you can go before reaching an exit and have adequate number of stairwells and exit doors |
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Public Assembly |
limited by capacity for safe egress from location |
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Fire Systems |
fire detection, fire notification and communication, fire suppression, fire control/containment |
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Automated Fire Detection |
Smoke, heat and flame detectors, sprinkler system. Can all be either hard wired or battery |
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Single Station Fire Alarm |
Sound only at location of detected fire |
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Multi Station Fire Alarm |
Sound at all stations and central hub |
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Remote Alarm |
Connected to a remote location like a local fired station |
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Sprinkler Parts |
Fusible link (detect heat and goes off), escutcheon (protection), cap |
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Can't have anything within ... of sprinklers |
18 inches |
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Wet Pipe Sprinkler |
pipes filled with water, temp activated, pressurized water source |
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Dry Pipe Sprinkler |
unheated space where pipes are prone to freezing, air pressurized, slower than wet |
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Clean Agent Sprinkler |
inert/ionization for areas with sensitive equipment |
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Wet Chemical Sprinkler |
Type k fires, auto shut off supply of fuel to kitchen equipment |
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Fire Control Goals |
section off portions of building to not allow spread |
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Fire Dampers |
installed in ductwork where duct penetrates walls and floors |
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Smoke Dampers |
inhibit movement of smoke through duct work |
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Openings in Firewall |
Must be protected by rated devices |
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Firewall |
Sectioned off portions of building |
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Horizontal Fire Containment |
automated or magnetic door closers, fire containment rolling doors |
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Pressurized Stairwells |
increases air pressure to keep relatively smoke free, AHU used to push fresh air into stairwell and must be connected to emergency power supply |
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Fire Prevention |
cleanliness, proper storage, care with tools, ff and e flame retardant treatments, watch for compromised firestopping, don't block egress, care with flammables, clean laundry linen |
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HVAC |
heating, ventilation, air conditioning |
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Sensible Heat |
dry bulb temp |
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Latent Heat |
Wet bulb temp, effected by relative humidity |
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Dew Point |
point at which water condenses |
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Condensation |
conversion of water vapor to a liquid |
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Relative Humidity |
amount of water vapor present in air as a % of amount needed for saturation at the same temp |
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BTU's |
units used to measure power of heating/cooling |
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Radiation |
waves |
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Convection |
air/liquid |
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Conduction |
direct contact |
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HVAC Goals |
control db temp, provide fresh air, provide circulating air, exhaust and odors/irritants, provide clean air, raise or lower humidity levels |
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Sensible Load |
removal or addition of heat |
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Latent load |
removal or addition of moisture |
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Thermal Comfort Influences |
room air temp, room air movement, relative humidity, activity level in room, clothing, temp of room surfaces |
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Supply Air |
newly conditioned |
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Return Air |
returning back for reconditioning |
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Exhaust Air |
expel from building |
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Decentralized Single-Piece HVAC |
equipment provides heating and cooling, no control center |
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Centralized HVAC |
control source for heating and cooling, distributed to building through risers |
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Packaged Decentralized HVAC |
may provide both heating and cooling, greater capacity |
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Split Decentralized HVAC |
system locate only the evaporator and distribution fan in room and put condenser and compressor outside of building |
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Decentralized PTAC Advantages |
less initial cost, building space conserved, easy installation requires only electrical connection, quickly replace units |
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PTAC |
packaged terminal ac units |
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PTAC Disadvantages |
higher maintenance costs, filters require frequent service, only apply to perimeter zones, noise levels vary considerably |
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Decentralized Packaged Units (Direct Expansion Unit) |
roof mounted, often for meeting/public space |
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Centralized Components |
AHU, fan coil, chiller, boiler, cooling tower, gas (fuel source) |
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Centralized Systems |
forced air (residential), steam, water distribution for heating and cooling |
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2 Pipe Fan Coil |
lower installation costs, provides either heat or cold |
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4 Pip Fan Coil |
higher installation cost, carries both hot and cold, more expensive to operate. Fan coils are placed in rooms |
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AHU's |
air handling units, connected to secondary water risers, distributes handled air through ducts |
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Refrigeration Components |
expansion valve (restricts flow of refigerant), evaporator (liquid to vapor), compressor (vapor compressed to hot, high pressure gas), condenser (vapor to liquid) |
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Refrigeration Flow |
expansion valve- low pressure liquid- evap coil (heat in)- low pressure gas- compressor- high pressure gas- condenser coil (heat out)- high pressure liquid- expansion valve. Evaporator is located in the refrigerated space |
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Cooling Tower |
equipment that transfers waste heat into atmosphere |
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Cooling Fill Tower |
forces hot condenser water to mix with air, promotes evaporation, which cools condenser water |
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Outside Air |
Makes up 10-30% of HVAC system air supply |
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Maintenance Concerns |
Safety, winterizing equipment, periodically balance HVAC, filters, coil cleaning |
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LEED Certification |
no cfc's, minimum energy performance, minimum IAQ |
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Escalator |
best way to move highest number of people a short distance |
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Escalator Safety |
skirt panel w/ deflector brush to make people stay away from the edge, emergency stop button, comb plate for transition, anti-slide device |
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Escalator Maintenance |
general cleaning, lube and inspection, safety controlled stop |
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Types of elevators |
passenger, freight, dumbwaiter |
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Elevator Variations |
hydraulic (7 stops, 100-150 fpm), geared traction (24 stops, 500 fpm), gearless traction (over 24 stops, 1800 fpm), general escalator (90-120 fpm) |
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Hydraulic Elevator |
2-7 stops, don't use for anything past 5 stops b/c very slow, most common type, less expensive than traction, no cable, consumes 3x as much energy |
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Traction Elevator |
requires more sf for high rise buildings, cable wraps around motorized sheave, machine room typically on top of building |
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Elevator Modernization |
microprocessors in control equipment, peripheral equipment |
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Elevator In-House Review |
doors, passenger satisfaction, performance, safety, fixtures, maintenance, starting and stopping, leveling, ride run times, performance |
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Elevator Sustainability |
new drivers use ac current= more efficient and regenerative power generated upon stop |
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Situation |
miconic id technology- no more buttons, keypad with smart tech, increased car speeds by 30%, ADA features. |
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Wall Functions |
define space, sound, heat, fire, bearing loads |
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Snapping line |
mark-off |
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Fiberglass Reinforced Panels |
fire and sound and mold resistant and high impact flexbile |
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Wall Finishes |
paint, vinyl, covering, wall paper, stone |
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Wall Vinyl |
typically type 2 or 3 (determined by weight), type 3 for corridors b/c more durable and sound resistant |
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Plexture Wall Coverings |
acrylic wall finish (decorative), low VOC, easily cleaned, damage resistant, high cost |
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Mosaic/Texture Wall Covering |
Sheets of mosaic/material patterns available. Long lasting, design impact |
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Corner Guards |
high traffic areas to protect walls |
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Decorative Elements |
crown molding, chair rails, baseboard |
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Floor Finishes |
stone, quarry tile, vinyl composite tile, rubber, carpet, wood |
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Thermal Tile |
Easily replaced and slip resistant but easily damaged, porous, and high-cost |
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Epoxy Floor |
combines epoxy with hardener, poured to become seamless floor |
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Carpet Fibers |
Natural (wood, cotton), blend (most common in hotels in 80:20) synthetic: nylon (stain resistant), acrylic, olefin (outdoor carpets), polyester (difficult to clean), rayon |
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Nylon 6 v Nylon 6-6 |
6= infinitely recyclable whereas 6-6 can only be recycled once |
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Woven Carpet |
heavy, firm, durable. But cut edges unravel and higher costs |
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Tufted Carpets |
glued in place, less expensive and quickly produced but can be less durable |
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Broadloom Carpet |
for big rooms, made with wide loom |
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Maintenance Corner |
no vinyl on exterior walls, in high humidity consider perforated or mold resistant vinyl, corner guards, wood flooring in wet areas |
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VOC's |
volatile organic compounds. wood products (resin, glue), stains, coatings and cleaners |
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Sick Building Syndrome |
occupants experience illness/adverse reactions due to inadequate ventilation, chemical contaminants, biological contaminants. |