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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
palpebrae
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eyelids
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tarsal plates
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thick CT that gives eyelid their shape
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conjunctiva
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mucous membrane that is facing eyeball and covering eyeball
stratified squamous epithelium (non-kt) |
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orbicularis oculi
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facial nerve
closes eye |
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lens
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focuses light on the retina
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lacrimal apparatus
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tear circulation.production
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lacrimal gland
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makes tears
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lacrimal puncta
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little holes medially in eye that absorb tears
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lacrimal canals (canaliculi)
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inferior and superior ducts that run from the puncta to the sac
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larimal sac
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medial sac that fills with tears
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nasolacrimal duct
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drains tears into the nasal cavity
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lacrimal gland production to excretory ducts to eye surface through lacrimal puncta into superior and inferior lacrimal canals into lacrimal sac through nasolacrimal canal into nasal cavity
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flow of tears
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levator palpebrae superioris
oculomotor |
elevates the eye lid
nerve? |
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superior rectus-oculomotor
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superior muscle that directs eye upward
nerve? |
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inferior rectus-oculomotor
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superior eye muscle that directs eye straight downward
nerve? |
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lateral rectus-abducens
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lateral eye muscle that directs eye laterally
nerve? |
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medial rectus-oculomotor
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medial eye muscle that directs eye medially
nerve? |
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inferior oblique-oculomotor
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moves the eye lateral and UP
runs laterally to medially underneath the eye nerve? |
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superior oblique-trochlear
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runs through the trochlea and turns the eye laterally and DOWN
nerve? |
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trochlea
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pulley structure in eye that the sup. oblique runs through (cartilagenous)
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mechanical support, protection, attachment of muscles. also assis in focusing (cornea and sclera)
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fibrous tunic function
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cornea
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transparent layer on outside of the eye
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sclera
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dense fibrous CT on the outside of the eye that gives it it's WHITE color
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root for BV lymph transport to and from eye. also regulates entering light and circulates aqueous humor
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vascular tunic
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choroid
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dark layer that has melanocytes and blood vessels
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iris
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colored part of the eye that contains BV and smooth muscle cells
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pupillary dialators
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SPOKE muscle in iris that open up the pupil
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pupillary constrictors
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circular muscles that constrict the pupil
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pupil
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central opening in iris
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ciliary body
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begins at the junction between the cornea and sclera and functions in accommodation and aqueous humor production
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ciliary muscle
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muscular ring that projects into the interior of the eye that regulates flow of aqueous humor into the canal of schlemm. helps with accommodation
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ciliary processes
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folds of muscles that go towards the lends that are attaced to suspensory ligaments
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suspensory ligaments
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tie ciliary body to lends and help with contraction and changing the shape of the lens
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retina
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area that contains photoreceptors BV and processin neurons
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macula lutea
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bigger area where there are no rods
high visual acuity |
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fovea centralis
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area in eye that has the highest concentration of cones
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optic disc
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where the optic nerve enters the retina, the "blind spot"
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anterior cavity
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area from cornea to lens that contains aqueous humor
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anterior chamber of anterior cavity
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cornea to iris area
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posterior chamber of anterior cavity
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iris to lens
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posterior cavity
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also known as the vitreous chamber which is everything that is posterior to the lens
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vitreous humor
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more viscous jelloey liquid in the eye that fills the posterior cavity
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when an object is brought close to our eye the ciliary muscles will contract the suspensory ligaments will relax and as a result the lens will become thicker and focus light sooner
NCST: ciliary muscles tighten slacening of suspensory ligaments thickening of lends |
accomodation (NEAR)
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FRTT
relax ciliary muscles thinning of the lends tightening of suspensory ligaments |
accommodation (FAR)
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reduction in lens transparancy that causes visual impairment
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cataracts
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tissue removal muscle be quickly and these are very common because there are no BV here and there likely won't be any WBC
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corneal transplants
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nearsightedness where the image forms too early
eyeball is too long concave lens |
myopia
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farsightness
focal point is behind the retina eyeball is too short convex lens |
hyperopia
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aqueous humor overprodution
cannot drain enough through the canal of schlemm blindness can occur if not fixed |
glaucoma
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abnormal blind spots that are fixed in position
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scotoma
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chronic conjunctivitis that is caused by a viral or bacteral invasion of conjunctiva
treatment is antibiotics |
trachoma
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infection of a sebaceous gland, a tarsal gland or a sweat gland that causes swelling
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sty
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ciliary process of ciliary body production to posterior chamber of anterior cavity through the pupil into the anterior chamber of anterior cavity out through the canal of schlemm
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pathway of aqueous humor
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made of elastic catilage that focuses soundwaves into the inner ear
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pinna/auricle
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tympanic membrane
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first part of the middle ear made of CT that vibrates to conduct sound
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auditory ossicles
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malleus incus and stapes are all called....
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malleus
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the first ear bone in contact with the tympanum
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incus
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the second middle ear bone
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stapes
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this middle ear bone attaches to the inner ear via the oval window
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tensor tympani-mandibular branch of the trigeminal
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muscle on TOP of the middle canal that runs from the petrousregion of the temporal bone to the maleus
nerve? |
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stapedius muscle-facial nerve
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muscle that runs on the posterior wall of the middle ear and connects to the stapes
contraction of this muscle causes the stapes to vibrate less and as a result less sound is conducted into the middle ear nerve? |
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eustachian tube (auditory tube)
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tube that connects to the nasopharynx that equalizes pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere
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bony labyrinth
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this is filled with perilymph and is a osseuous membrane that is fused with the temporal bone
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semicircular canals
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rings in the inner ear that are involved in equilibrium and balance
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up and down FRONT semicircular canal that senses a "yes" motion
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anterior semicircular canal
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up and down BACK semicircular canal that senses a cartwheel like motion
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posterior semicircular canal
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side to side running semicircular canal that senses a no head motion
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lateral semicircular canal
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ampullae
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bulges on the bottom of the semicircular canals where there are a lot of sensory receptors
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vestibule
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bulge where all of the semicircular cnal rings come together
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cochlea
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snail shaped structure that is actually involved in hearing
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filled with endolymph and has a higher potassium and lower sodium
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membranous labyrinth (composition inside?)
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semicircular ducts
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ducts that are inside the semicircular canals
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urticle
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bulge on the vestibule that is CLOSER to the semicircular canals
senses gravity and linear acceleration |
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saccule
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bulge on the vestibule that is CLOSER to the cochlea
senses gravity and linear acceleration |
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cochlear duct
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membranous labyrinth that spirals upward
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round window
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on the inferior vestibule which marks the end of the sound pathway
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oval window
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covered be the stapes on the vestibule and marks the beginning of the inner ear
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auricle to external auditory canal to tympanum. then malleus, incus, stapes to the oval window. moves the perilymph in the vestibular duct which moves the endolymph in the cochlear duct which moves the hair cells in the organ of corti. vibrations then dissappate out the round window in the tympanic duct
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pathway of sound
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middle ear infection where eardrum is pressed on by bacteria or a virus
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otitis media
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middle ear problems from scarring, a hole in the eardrum, or wax/water trapped.
these block normal transfer from eardrum to oval window |
conductive deafness
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problem within cochlea or nerve pathway where either the receptors cannot respond to stimulation or signal can be transferred to brain
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nerve deafness
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insertion of electrodes into cochlear nerve to provide external stimulation that provides some sensitivity to sounds in the absense of a funtional organ of corti
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cochlear implant
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ringing in the ear caused by vestibulocochlear nerve
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tinnitus
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abnormal endolymph production that causes damage to nucleous or tracts of the vestibular nerve. may rupture membrand and mix endo and peri so there are highly stimulated receptors causes intense spinning or rolling feelins
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Meniere's disease
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infection of the mastoid process often caused by untreated otitis media
treated with antibiotics |
mastoiditis
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automatic eye movements that occur in response to sensations of movement controlled by superior colliculi
after damage to brainstem these can occur in stationary individuals |
nystagmus
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drainage of middle ear into surgical opening in tympanic membrane
treatment for otitis media |
myringotomy
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most common cause of vertigo.
symptoms are headache, sweating, flushed fae, nausea, vomitting |
motion sickness
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inappropriate sense of motion caused by CNS infections or other infections
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vertigo
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deadening of sounds by the tensory tympany and stapedius muscles contraction
tensor tympany pulls on the tympanum and reduces its vibrations the stapedius will pull on the stapes and prevens its some of its vibration on the oval window |
attenuation reflex
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