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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What caused the end of the Romanesque period? |
1) the need for more natural light-- The church saw natural light as a symbol of god, so more light would bring god into the buildings. 2) They felt comfortable bringing more light in because they felt safer. The fear of attack was changing as communities and churches grew stronger than they had been immediately after the fall of the Roman Empire. |
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Notre Dame |
means“Our Lady,” which refers to the Virgin Mary |
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Pendentive |
a constructive device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or an elliptical dome over a rectangular room |
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What contributed to the fall of the Renaissance period? |
--Mannerism --Form vs. Function --Absolutism (rise of the monarchies) --The Protestant Reformation |
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Where did Rococo start? |
Paris |
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Flying Buttress |
a form of buttressing associated with Gothic architecture. The purpose of a buttress is to resist the lateral forces pushing a wall outwards (i.e. from stone vaulted ceilings or from wind-loading on roofs) by redirecting them to the ground. transfers weight to towers on outside of glass/windows. |
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Where did the Renaissance begin? |
Italy |
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What was the main conflict of the Renaissance? |
the conflict between Form and Function (The ideal and the practical) |
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Zeitgeist of the Renaissance |
not so much god; more focused on man |
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What does "Renaissance" mean? |
"Rebirth" |
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During the Renaissance, people started to emphasize the importance of _________ |
human value |
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Renaissance architecture was characterized by __________ with remnants of the ________ styles of the _______ and ___________ |
pure geometry; classical; Greeks and Romans |
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This famous DaVinci drawing was drawn and published by himself, but it was a representation of an idea of Vitruvius: how does man fit into geometry? Are the square and circle perfect shapes? This is the geometrical construction of the Vitruvian man. |
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During the Renaissance, people were seeking... |
--what is beautiful -- what is relevant --mathematical— seeking for order in the universe --symmetry |
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Size/scale of Renaissance architecture concerned... |
Proportion based on man |
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During the Renaissance, the square symbolized ____________, the circle symbolized ________. |
earth; heaven |
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Andrea Palladio |
Italian Renaissance architect who is widely considered to be the most influential individual in the history of architecture. Built the Villa Rotonda, exactly the same on all four sides |
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Villa Rotonda |
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Mannerism |
“breaking the rules.” (specifically, taking a form of architecture and taking certain creative licenses.) First started after the Renaissance. Michelangelo was a big proponent of mannerism. Many artists became architects, and they were becoming hampered down by the rules and numbers being so stringent. |
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When did mannerism first occur? Does it still exist |
During the end of the Renaissance; yes, it is still seen today |
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Mannerism began to consider..... |
the outdoor spaces around the building. They began emphasizing garden design and started to consider all senses, not just eyes— smelling flowers, hearing fountains, etc. |
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Key words to describe mannerism |
whimsical, playful |
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Contributors to the End of the Gothic Era |
--HUMANISM --Population growth was too fast and caused famine Plague (black bubonic). Killed 40% of Europeans. Many Christians began to question, “How could God let this happen?" and this brought about the splintering of the church. --businessmen began to purchase land & build cities --this led to the splintering of the church. Contributed to the end of the Gothic because this era was defined by Christianity. |
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New Humanism |
Christ was born of the Virgin Mary, who is a human, so people began to wonder during the Gothic if humans were more important than they had considered in the past. All this led to the development of New Humanism. |
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The Gothic period of architecture was strongly based in ___________. Gothic architecture was built on a ______________ scale. |
Christianity/God; Massive/Spacious/God-like |
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The Romanesque style started because of... |
--the fall of the Roman Empire and the birth of Christ |
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The Romanesque style ended due to... |
1) the need for more natural light. a-- The church saw natural light as a symbol of god, so more light would bring god into the buildings. b-- They felt comfortable bringing more light in because they felt safer. fear of attack was changing as the communities and churches began getting stronger than they were after the fall of the Roman Empire. church begets its highest status and gains the most power at the end of the Romanesque phase and into the Gothic. What caused the end of the Romanesque initiated the start of the Gothic. |
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Transept Crossing |
an area set crosswise to the nave in a cross-shaped cathedral/church. originally created to make more space. They needed more seats, so they expanded the church plan into a cross shape for symbolic reasons. moved further back during the gothic. |
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Apse (choir)
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semicircular "bumps" at the end of a church; end of the building opposite the main entrance. |
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Romanesque Vaulting VS. Gothic Vaulting |
Romanesque had barrel and groin vaulting Gothic has ribbed/pointed vaulting |
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Clerestory (Gothic) |
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Clerestory |
a portion of an interior rising above adjacent rooftops and having windows admitting daylight to the interior; high window between flying buttresses |
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4 ways to increase natural light in the Gothic Era |
1) Pointed arches 2) Flying buttresses 3) Clerestories 4) large windows |
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Ribbed Vaulting |
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Key Terms for Baroque |
--Excessive --Complex --Detail --Ornament for the sake of Ornament (attract people away from the Catholic Church) --Jump in scale (big in plan/sprawl) --Celebratory --Broken rules --Merge architecture --Blur geometry |
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Absolutism |
the monarchies have absolute power. power of kings and queens reflected in architecture. characterized by monarchy, corruption, greed |
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The Baroque merged _________ and ____________ |
Sculpture; architecture |
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Palace of Versailles |
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Barrel Vault (Romanesque) |
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Groin vault (late Romanesque) |
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Rib Vault (Early Gothic) |
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fan vault (Gothic) |
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Monastery Floor Plan |
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The first _______________ was invented in a monestery |
hotel |
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4 topics taught in monasteries |
1) reading 2) writing 3) arithmetic 4) religion |
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Newly emphasized aspects of architecture during Renaissance |
--architecture of landscape --architecture WITH landscape --architecture of pleasure |
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What did Baroque architecture tend to do with classical details? |
Break or distort them |
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Why did Rococo occur? |
To lighten the heaviness of Baroque architecture |
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Renaissance had ___________ windows |
repeated |
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Baroque often took circles and turned them to... |
ovals |
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Baroque period ended because of... |
1) Revolution (people got pissed about the monarchy. People started breaking away from absolute power) 2) Democracy |
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three styles of architecture visible in the Vatican |
went from Renaissance, to mannerism, to Baroque |
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Nave |
the center aisle (ONLY). usually wide and on-axis with the apse and the altar. The other aisles are just called aisles. |
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The _______ era was the most powerful time of the Catholic church. |
Gothic |
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Rose Window |
--Gothic Era --Normally seen in units of 12 to represent the 12 apostles --Units of 3 are seen often too represent the trinity (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) |
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Rose window |
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Cathedral floor plan |
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Nave |
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Function of pointed arches |
force is pushed down instead of out, allowing them to be taller |
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transept |
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Why did the Romans place arches next to each other? |
to stop them from pushing out |
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The entrance of the Notre Dame Cathedral faces ______ |
west |
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Narthex |
the entrance area, located at the west end of the nave, opposite the church's main altar. |
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narthex |
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during the Gothic period, the _______ of a church got so large that the ______ moved to the center of the building. |
transept; apses |
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Key Terms for Romanesque |
--Round Arches --Massive --Early churches --Small windows --Roman-like --Safety --Fire-resistant --Barrel vault --Groin vault |
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Key Terms for Gothic |
--MORE LIGHT --Pointed arches --Rib vault --Rose window --Flying buttresses --Fan vault --Height of the Church --Sculpture (biblical stories) --Vertical emphasis --God-based --Notre Dame ("our lady") |
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Key Terms for Renaissance |
--Ideal VS. Practical --Square & circle --Humanism --Man-scaled --Rebirth --Heaven & Man (Earth) --Repetitive elements |
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During the Renaissance, they needed more buildings that were not churches as a result of... |
the rise in industries |
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during the Baroque, there was no desire to express structural _______. |
reality (they wanted visual effect with no structural truth. architecture should be far from the reality of the outside) |
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Key Terms for Rococo |
--lighter than baroque --nature-like --"lacier" details |
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Which famous sculptors/architects added onto St. Peter's Basilica? |
Michelangelo and Bernini |