Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where is the spinal cord located?
|
Continuation of the medulla oblongata which exits the cranium through the foramen magnum.
|
|
What part of the vertebral canal does the spinal cord rest in?
|
From the C1 vertebrae to approximately the L2 vertebrae in the adult.
|
|
What area is the site of epidural injections?
|
Between the verebrae and the dura mater where fat is located.
|
|
What area is the site of spinal taps?
|
Between the arachnoid and the pia mater where cerebrospinal fluid is located.
|
|
How many pairs of nerves come off of the spinal cord?
|
Thirty one.
|
|
Where is gray matter located in the spinal cord?
|
The central region.
|
|
What is contained in the gray matter of the spinal cord?
|
Synapses and cell bodies of neurons.
|
|
Which areas of the spinal cord contain lateral horns?
|
Only found in the thoracic and upper lumbar and sacral segments.
|
|
What functions are controled by the lateral horn in the thoracic and upper lumbar regions?
|
Sympathetic.
|
|
What functions are controlled by the lateral horns in the sacral segements?
|
Parasympathetic.
|
|
Where is white matter found in the spinal cord?
|
Area surrounding the gray matter.
|
|
What does the white matter in the spinal cord contain?
|
Contains the myelinated axons carrying information from the brain to the spinal cord, and from the spinal cord to the brain.
|
|
What part of the column is pertinent to sensory information about vibration?
|
Posterior Column
|
|
What part of the column is pertinent to sensory information about proprioception?
|
Posterior column
|
|
What part of the column is pertinent to sensory information about discriminated touch?
|
Posterior column.
|
|
What part of the column is pertinent to sensory information about pain?
|
Lateral column and anterior column.
|
|
What part of the column is pertinent to sensory information about temperature?
|
Lateral column and anterior column.
|
|
What part of the column is pertinent to voluntary motor information?
|
Lateral column.
|
|
What part of the column is pertinent to sensory information about crude touch?
|
Lateral column and anterior column.
|
|
What part of the column is pertinent to involuntary motor information?
|
Anterior column.
|
|
What is contained in the dorsal root?
|
Axons of all afferent neurons, somatic and autonomic, that are entering the spinal cord at that level.
|
|
What is the dorsal root ganglion?
|
A swelling in the dorsal root that contains the cell bodies for the afferent neurons.
|
|
What is the classification of afferent neurons?
|
They are unipolar.
|
|
What is contained in the ventral root?
|
Contains the axons of all efferent neurons, somatic and autonomic, that are exiting the spinal cord at that level.
|
|
What makes up the spinal nerve?
|
Formed by the union of the dorsal roots and the ventral roots as they go through the interverebral foramen of the vertebral column.
|
|
What is the purpose of the Anterolateral Spinothalamic Tract?
|
Carries sensory information from the spinal cord to the thalamus and cerebrum.
|
|
Where is the Anterolateral spinothalamic tract found?
|
One portion of the tract is found in the anterior column and the other portion in the lateral column. Their pathways are similar.
|
|
What tract is responsible for pain and temperature?
|
Anterolateral spinothalamic tract.
|
|
What is the anatomical pathway of the anterolateral spinothalamic tract?
|
First order neuron (afferent neuron), Second order neuron (internuncial neuron), and the third order neuron (Internuncial neuron).
|
|
What kind of receptors does the first order neuron have in the anterolateral spinothalamic tract?
|
Free nerve ending receptors.
|
|
Where does the dendrite send sensory information in the first order neuron of the anterolateral spinothalamic tract?
|
The dendrite sends the sensory information to the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion.
|
|
Where does the first order neuron send information to in the anterolateral spinothalamic tract?
|
Synapses onto second order neuron in the dorsal horn.
|
|
Where does the second order neuron send information to in the anterolateral spinothalamic tract?
|
Axon immediately crosses to the opposite side of the spinal cord and then ascends in the anterior or lateral spinothalamic tract to the thalamus. Synapses onto the third order neuron.
|
|
Where does the third order neuron send information to in the anterolateral spinothalamic tract?
|
Axon ascends through the internal capsule to the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe for inegration.
|
|
Lesions which include only the left or the right anterolateral spinothalamic tract, thalamus or cerebral hemisphere will result in what?
|
Sensory deficit on the contralateral side of the body.
|
|
Lesions which include only the afferent neuron, first neuron of the pathway of the anterolateral spinothalamic tract, will result in what?
|
Sensory defict on the ipsilateral side of the body.
|
|
What causes phantom sensation?
|
Swelling and scar tissue at the amputation site which places pressure on the peripheral nerve containing those neurons that previously supplied sensory information.
|
|
What are the two parts of the Dorsal Column Tract?
|
Fasciculus gracilis and faciculus cuneatus.
|
|
What tract carries proprioception?
|
Dorsal column tract.
|
|
What tract carries discriminative touch?
|
Dorsal column tract.
|
|
What tract carries vibration?
|
Dorsal column tract.
|
|
What carries information from the lower half of the body in the dorsal column tract?
|
Fasciculus Gracilis.
|
|
What carries information from the upper half of the body in the dorsal column tract?
|
Fasciculus Cuneatus.
|
|
What tract carries motor information from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord?
|
Anterolateral Cortisospinal Tract.
|
|
What tract is spefically for voluntary motor?
|
Anterolateral corticospinal tract.
|
|
What is the anatomical pathway of the anterolateral corticospinal tract?
|
Lateral portion of the tract, two neuron pathway, upper and lower motor neuron.
|
|
What kind of neuron is the Upper Motor Neuron?
|
Internuncial neuron.
|
|
Where is the upper motor neuron located?
|
Cell body and dendrites located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
|
|
Where does the axon of the upper motor neuron go from the precentral gyrus?
|
Descends through the internal capsule to the medulla oblongata.
|
|
Where does the axon of the upper motor neuron go after it reaches the medulla oblongata?
|
Axon crosses to the contralateral side of the medulla oblongata and then continues to descend into the spinal cord in the lateral column.
|
|
Where does the axon of the upper motor neuron go after it travels down the lateral column of the spinal cord?
|
It synapses onto the lower motor neuron in the ventral horn of the spinal cord at level of exit.
|
|
What kind of neuron is the lower motor neuron?
|
Efferent neuron.
|
|
Where does the lower motor neuron exit?
|
Axon exits the spinal cord through the ventral root and goes to it effector muscle.
|
|
What is the result of lesions in the anterolateral corticospinal tract superior to the medulla oblongata?
|
Will result in motor deficit contralateral to the lesion.
|
|
What is the result of lesions in the anterolateral corticospnal tract inferior to the medulla oblongata?
|
Results in motor deficit ipsilateral to the lesion.
|
|
What is the difference between lesions in the upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron?
|
The ability for reflexes to continue without any suppression in the upper motor neuron lesions while in lower motor neuron lesions the reflex arc is completely disrupted.
|
|
What is Decussation?
|
Tract that crosses in medulla.
|