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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
mole |
the counting unit used for atoms |
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molar mass |
mass in grams of one mole of any substance |
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stoichiometry |
the numerical relationship between chemical quantities in a balanced chemical equation |
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household acids |
vinegar, citrus fruits, carbonated beverages, black coffee, vitamin C, aspirin |
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household bases |
household ammonia, baking soda, soap, detergents, milk of magnesia, oven cleaners, lye drain cleaners |
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properties of acids |
sour taste; provide H+ ions; react with active metals to give hydrogen; change colors of indicators blue to red; produce CO2 when added to limestone |
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properties of bases |
bitter taste; provide OH- ions; slippery feeling; change colors of indicators from red to blue |
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hydronium ion |
a hydrated proton, H3O+ |
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acidic solution |
a solution that contains a higher concentration of H3O+ ions than OH- ions |
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basic (alkaline) solution |
a solution that contains a higher concentration of OH- ions than H3O+ ions |
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neutralization reaction |
reaction of equivalent quantities of an acid and a base |
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salt |
ionic compound composed of the cation from a base and the anion from an acid |
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acid-base reaction |
reaction in which H+ is exchanged between an acid and a base |
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strong acids |
dissociate completely in water (no solute molecules remain) |
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dissociate |
every single molecule of the acid gives off the extra hydrogen from its formula |
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weak acids |
dissociate only partially in water |
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sulfuric acid |
H2SO4 |
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hydrochloric acid |
HCl |
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acetic acid |
CH3COOH |
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strong bases |
dissociate completely in water |
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weak base |
ionizes only partially; produces litttle OH- |
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ammonia (base) |
NH3 |
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sodium bicarbonate (base) |
NAHCO3 |
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sodium carbonate (base) |
Na2CO3 |
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calcium carbonate (base) |
CaCO3 |
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molarity |
number of moles of solute per liter of solution |
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calculate pH |
pH = -log[H3O+] |
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calculate concentration of hydronium [H3O+] |
[H3O+] = 10^ -pH |
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calculate pOH |
pOH = -log[OH-] |