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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Prelinguistic Behavior
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refers to all vocalizations prior to the first actual words
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Speech Sound Development
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refers primarily to the gradual articulatory mastery of speech sound forms within a given language
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Primary Functions
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the life supporting duties of the speech mechanism
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Secondary Functions
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those tasks, including articulation of speech sounds, that occur in addition to the life supporting ones
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Categorical Perception
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refers to the tendency of listeners to perceive speech sounds (which are varied acoustically along a continuum) according to the phonemic categories of their native lanuage
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Perceptual Constancy
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the ability to identify the same sound across different speakers, pitches, and other changing environmental conditions
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Canonical Babbling
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the collective term for the reduplicated and nonreduplicated babbling stages
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Reduplicated Babbling
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marked by similar strings of consonant-vowel productions
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Nonreduplicated/Variegated Babbling
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variation of both consonants and vowels from syllable to syllable
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Jargon stage
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characterized by strings of babbled utterances that are modulated primarily by intonation, rhythm, and pausing
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Vocoids
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vowel-like sounds during the end of the canonical babbling stage
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Contoids
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consonant-like sounds during the end of the canonical babbling stage
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Linguistic Phase
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from the time the first meaningful word is produced
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First Words
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an entity of relatively stable phonetic form that is a particular context and is recognizably related to the adultlike word form of a particular language
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Phonetically Consistent Forms (Proto-words/Vocables/Quasi-words)
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vocalizations used consistently by a child in particular contexts but without a recognizable adult model.
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First 50 Word stage
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the time of the initial productions of words
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Two-Word stage
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the time when the child begins combining two words
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Item Learning
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the child first acquired words forms as unanalyzed units, as productional wholes
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System Learning
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during which the child acquires the phonemic principles of the phonological system in question
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Phonetic Variability
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refers to the unstable pronunciations of the child’s first 50 words
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Phonological Idioms/Regression
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occurs as the child attempts to master other complexities of language
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Tone-Unit
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is an organizational unit imposed on prosodic data
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Interference/Transfer
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when children make an error in English due to the direct influence of their first language
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Silent Period
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when children speak very little as they focus on understanding a new language
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Code Switching/Mixing
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speakers alternate between L1 & L2
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Morphophonology
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refers to the study of the different allomorphs of the morpheme and the rules governing their use
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Metaphonology
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involves the child’s conscious awareness of the sounds within a particular language
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Phonological Awareness
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an individual’s awareness of the sound structure or phonological structure of a spoken word in contrast to written words
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Coding
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translating stimuli from one form to another – ex. From auditory to written form
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Phonemic Awareness
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refers only to the phoneme level and necessitates an understanding that words are comprised of individual sounds
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Phonological Processing
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the use of sounds of a language to process verbal information in oral or written form that requires working and long-term memory
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Phonological Development
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refers to the acquisition of speech sound form and function within the language system
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