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659 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Q. A size 3 or 4 LMA:
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will accommodate the passage of a 6.0mm ET tube
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The second impact that occurs when an adult pedestrian is struck by a motor vehicle would MOST likely result in injuries to the:
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pelvis and chest
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When communicating with a patient whose cultural background differs from the paramedics, it is MOST important for the paramedic to?
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treat the patient with utmost respect at all times
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Which of the following statements regarding selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (RRSIs) is most correct?
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SSRIs have fewer anticholinergic and cardiac effects than tricyclics.
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Which term describes the study of the body functions of living organisms in an abnormal state?
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pathophysiology
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Your entire assessment of a patient should:
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Appear to be a seamless process
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All of the following processes take place in the uterus, EXCEPT?
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Fertilization
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Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative change in the cervical spine that causes:
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narrowing of the spinal canal and pressure on the spinal cord
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Common causes of bradycardia include?
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Beta blocker use
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Many veteran EMS providers have embraced a leadership role in primary injury prevention after?
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witnessing too many episodes of needless suffering
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Prior to unloading a patient from the ambulance, you should:
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ensure that the patient is secured to the stretcher
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Adipose tissue is a special type of tissue that contains large amounts of?
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lipids
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An endogenous ligand is?
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a molecule that is produced by the body and binds to a receptor
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Fall-related fractures in the elderly occur MOST often to the ___, usually in patients with underlying:
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hip, osteoporosis
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Gathering a patient's medical history and performing an in-depth physical examination should occur:
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Once the initial assessment and correction of life threats is completed
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Nerve agents block ___, an essential enzyme of the nervous system.
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cholinesterase
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Q. The MOST effective way to minimize the risk of hypoxia while intubating a child is to:
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limit your intubation attempt to 20 seconds.
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The 6-second method for calculating the rate of a cardiac rhythm?
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Involves counting the number of QRS complexes in a 6-second-strip and multiplying that number by 10.
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The volume of plasma in an adult with a total blood volume of 6.5 liters is approximately?
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6.5x0.55 = 3.6L
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What is the target heart rate for a 35 yo man with a resting heart rate of 75 bpm?
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152 beats/min
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When a patient takes the “up and over” pathway during a head-on collision:
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the anterior part of the neck may strike the steering wheel, resulting in a fractured larynx
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Women who have had a cesarean section?
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Can have a normal vaginal delivery
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A key part of making your practice of prehospital care successful is for you to:
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Develop and cultivate your own style of assessment and an overall strategy for evaluating and providing care for the patients you will encounter in the unique and varied circumstances in the field setting
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According to the START triage system, if a patient has a strong radial pulse, you should:
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control bleeding and assess mental status
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At 2 months of age, an infant should be able to?
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track objects with his or her eyes
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Delirium is MOST accurately defined as:
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an acute alteration in mentation that indicates an underlying condition
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Q. Patients with decompensated asthma or COPD that require positive-pressure ventilation:
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may develop a pneumothorax or experience a decrease in venous return to the heart if they are ventilated too rapidly
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Sudden deceleration of a motor vehicle that is traveling at 60 mph:
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dissipates tremendous forces and causes major injuries
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The primary component of the immune system is the?
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Leukocyte
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When dispatched to a residence for an injury involving a pregnant woman, you should?
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Be alert for evidence of abuse
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Which of the following is NOT a particle that makes up an atom?
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photon
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You have been attempting resuscitation of a middle-aged woman for approximately 15 minutes; however, she has not responded to any of your treatment. There is no evidence of hypothermia or drug ingestion, and the cardiac monitor shows asystole. You should?
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consider terminating your resuscitative efforts
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You receive a call to a skilled nursing facility for an elderly man with generalized weakness. The patients nurse tells you that he has not eaten anything in the past 18 hours. She presents you with his chart, which states that he has a history of atrial fibrillation, CHF, and hypertension. His medications include Vasotec, digoxin, and Warfarin. As you apply the cardiac monitor, your partner takes the patients vital signs, which reveal a blood pressure of 136/76 mmHg, a rapid and irregular pulse, and respirations of 22 breaths/min. The ECG reveals atrial fibrillation with a variable rate between 110 and 130 beats/min, and a 12-lead ECG tracing reveals the same. After applying supplemental oxygen, you should?
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Start an IV line to keep the vein open, administer diltiazem, and transport.
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* If a patient sees you as someone with whom it is safe to be, who does not pose a threat, and who honestly cares, then he or she will most likely?
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be reassured that you will handle the crisis
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Fluid-refractory hypotension following a barbiturate overdose is treated MOST effectively with?
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Dopamine
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In prehospital care, the priorities of evaluation and treatment are based on:
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The degree of threat to the patient’s life
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Level ___ personal protective equipment would MOST likely be worn during the transport of patients with the potential of secondary contamination.
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C
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Q. Which of the following statements regarding translaryngeal catheter ventilation is MOST correct?
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ventilation is achieved by the use of a high-pressure jet ventilator
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Resting tremor of an extremity and bradykinesia are associated with:
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Parkinson’s disease
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The greatest amount of kinetic energy would be created if a ___ pound driver struck a tree while traveling at ___ mph.
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150, 40
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Torsades de pointes?
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Is a variant of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and is often caused by a prolonged Q-T interval.
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Which of the following assessment parameters is MOST difficult to interpret when a pregnant woman is injured?
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pulse rate
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With regard to injury prevention, effective educational techniques include all of the following EXCEPT?
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penalties
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You arrive on the scene of a stabbing. A 23-year-old man has a knife wound approximately 10 cm inferior to the armpit. Which of the following anatomical terms best describes the location of the wound?
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midaxillary
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A person taking beta blockers or calcium channel blockers would MOST likely present with:
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a slower than usual heart rate
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by?
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enlargement or thickening of the heart muscle
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Myocardial ischemia occurs when the heart muscle?
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Is deprived of oxygen because of a blocked coronary artery.
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Q. Approximately how far should you insert a 5.0mm ET tube in a 4-year-old child?
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15 cm (diameter x 3)
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Specialized cell division that occurs only in the reproduction of mature sperm and ova is called?
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meiosis
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The dome-shaped top of the uterus is called the?
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fundus
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The permissible exposure limit (PEL) of a given chemical is the:
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maximum concentration of a chemical that a person may be exposed to under OSHA regulations
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When chlorine gas comes in contact with the body’s mucous membranes, it forms?
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Hydrochloric acid
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Which of the following injuries would MOST likely require transport to a level 1 trauma center?
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Two or more proximal long bone fractures
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Which of the following is NOT a part of your overall job as a paramedic?
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Always remember that your overall job as a paramedic is to quickly identify your patient’s problem(s), set your care priorities, develop a patient care plan, and quickly and efficiently execute the patient care plan.
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Which of the following statements regarding ethics in the workplace is MOST correct?
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off-duty misconduct on the part of the paramedic may lessen the public's confidence of EMS in general
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A decreased number of pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node would MOST likely contribute to a decline in cardiac output secondary to:
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bradycardia
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Atrial kick is MOST accurately defined as?
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20% of ventricular filling caused by atrial contraction.
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Complications in a pregnant woman with cystic fibrosis are usually the result of?
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reduced pulmonary function
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Muscle cramps and paresthesias in a malnourished patient with alcoholism are most likely the result of?
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hypocalcemia
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Q. Wheezing is resolved with medications that:
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relax the smooth muscle of the bronchiole
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Signs and symptoms of marijuana use include all of the following, EXCEPT?
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Decreased appetite
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The most significant fall occurs from a height greater than:
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15 feet
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The spleen is located in which abdominal compartment?
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left upper quadrant (LUQ)
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When determining whether a patient is sick, your MOST effective tool is often:
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A quick visual assessment based on the chief complaint, respiration's, pulse, mental status, and skin signs and color.
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You are dispatched to a residence for a 50-year-old woman with respiratory distress. While you are assessing the patient, she tells you that she began experiencing flu-like symptoms 4 days ago, shortly after delivering mail on the rural mail route for which she is responsible. Due to her illness, she has been unable to return to work. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mmHg, pulse rate is 120 beats/min, and respirations are 26 breaths/min and labored. Auscultation of her breath sounds reveals the presence of coarse crackles. This patient has MOST likely been exposed to:
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anthrax
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You arrive at the scene of an injured person. As you and your partner approach the patient, you see that he is bleeding profusely from a large laceration to his neck. As you are about to begin care, a man walks up and states, "I cut him!" You should?
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retreat from the scene to a safe area and immediately notify law enforcement
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___ is the process in which individual units or different organizations make independent decisions about the next appropriate action.
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freelancing
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A fracture to the humerus is best described as having what anatomical location in relationship to the elbow?
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proximal
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A person wishes to be an organ donor. He or she must?
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have witnessed informed consent, usually in writing
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Approximately one third of the body’s platelets:
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are stored in the spleen.
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During an explosion, secondary blast injuries occur when:
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the patient is struck by flying debris, such as shrapnel
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Hypertensive emergencies in the geriatric population:
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require a controlled decline in blood pressure that often cannot be achieved in the prehospital setting.
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Q. An elderly woman with COPD presents with peripheral edema. The patient is conscious but agitated. She is breathing with slight difficulty but has adequate tidal volume. During your assessment, you note that her jugular veins engorge when you apply pressure to her right upper abdominal quadrant. She tells you that she takes a “water pill” and Vasotec for high blood pressure. You should:
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suspect acute right heart failure and administer oxygen
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Regardless of what a patient asks, the paramedic should?
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immediately acknowledge what the patient asked
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Which of the following clinical findings is LEAST suggestive of a peripheral vascular disorder?
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An S3 sound during auscultation of the heart.
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Which of the following medications would MOST likely be used in the prehospital setting to treat some women with severe premenstrual syndrome?
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glucose and fentanyl
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You are in the BEST position to decide what, if any, care needs to be provided at the scene versus en route to the hospital once you:
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Have qualified whether your patient is sick or not sick, and then you must quantify how sick the patient is.
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A do not resuscitate (DNR) order is MOST accurately defined as a?
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written order designed to tell health care providers when resuscitation is or is not appropriate
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Elderly patients experience a slower physiologic response to hypoxemia and hypercarbia because of:
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decreased sensitivity to changes in arterial blood content
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Q. Digital intubation is absolutely contraindicated if the patient:
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is unconscious but breathing
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The division of one cell into two genetically identical and equal daughter cells is called?
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mitosis
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Which of the following general statements regarding trauma is MOST correct?
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Blunt trauma is difficult to diagnose by paramedics in the field and is often more lethal than penetrating trauma
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Which of the following statements regarding growth spurts in adolescents is most correct?
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boys generally experience this stage of growth later in life than girls do
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Which of the following statements regarding the use of vasopressin in cardiac arrest is MOST correct?
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A one-time dose of 40 units of vasopressin may be given to replace the first or second dose of epinephrine.
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Which of the following would be of LEAST value when trying to determine the type of hazardous material a commercial tanker truck is carrying?
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waybill
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With hyperbaric oxygen therapy, carbon monoxide is typically eliminated from the body within:
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15 to 20 minutes
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You are assessing a 36-year-old woman who is in the 33rd week of her pregnancy. The patient complains of bright red vaginal bleeding, but denies abdominal pain or cramping. She tells you that she felt her baby move about 5 or 10 minutes ago. Fetal heart tones are audible at a rate of 130 beats/min. Gentle palpation of her abdomen reveals that it is soft and nontender. Which of your assessment findings is MOST suggestive of placenta previa?
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absence of abdominal pain
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You will MOST likely make your field diagnosis of a patient based on the:
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Patients history and chief complaint.
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* Touching a conscious elderly patient in a nursing home without his or her permission?
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is nonverbally communicating, "You are not important enough or mentally competent enough to be asked for permission."
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A 22-year-old man experienced an acid chemical burn to his left forearm. He complains of intense pain and tingling in his fingers. He is conscious and alert, and denies any other symptoms. You should:
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begin immediate irrigation with water
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In contrast to stress incontinence, urge incontinence is triggered by:
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cold fluids
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Mittelschmerz is MOST accurately defined as?
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unilateral abdominal pain and cramping that occurs during the ovulatory process
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Normally, the S-T segment should be?
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At the level of the isoelectric line.
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Q. Apneustic breathing is characterized by:
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short, brisk inhalations with a long pause before exhalation
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The motor oil level of the ambulance:
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should be checked prior to starting the engine
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The paramedic must make a field diagnosis in order to:
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Get the info needed to make the best decisions for your patient.
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What is the movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration called?
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diffusion
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When returning your unit to service following a call, the responsibility of ensuring that the unit is restocked and ready for another call rests with?
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everyone on the EMS team
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Which of the following will be of MOST benefit in helping the paramedic predict the type of injuries that a patient experienced?
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Mechanism of injury
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Decreased elasticity of the lungs and calcification of the costochondral cartilage results in:
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an increase in residual lung volume
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Gestational diabetes is caused by?
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increased insulin production and decreased cellular sensitivity to insulin
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In sinus bradycardia, the?
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Pacemaker site is the SA node.
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Lithium is MOST commonly used to treat patients with:
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bipolar disorder
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Q. Patients with pneumonia often experience a coughing fit when they roll from one side to the other because:
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pnuemonia often occurs in the lung bases, typically on only one side
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The preferred initial method for disentangling a patient who is trapped between the seat and steering wheel involves:
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trying to slide the seat back on its track
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The shock wave velocity from an explosion is slower and its duration is longer if a person is:
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farther from the explosion
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What instructions or guidance would an emergency medical dispatcher (EMD) MOST likely provide to a caller?
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controlling bleeding and performing CPR
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Which of the following statements regarding renal function in older adults is most correct?
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aging kidneys respond less efficiently to hemodynamic stress
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Which of the following statements regarding the patient assessment process is correct?
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(all correct) Ask questions relevant to the patients chief complaint. Think of the assessment as a “fluid process”. As the patient interview unfolds, you need to be able to change the sequence of your questioning as the situation or patients condition dictates.
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Which term describes the part of an extremity that is nearer to the trunk?
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proximal
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A properly worn motorcycle helmet will:
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not protect the cervical spine
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Although the technicalities of EMS DNR orders vary from state to state, the all?
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are designed to tell EMS providers when resuscitation is or is not appropriate
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Broadly speaking, the finance section chief is responsible for:
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documenting all expenditures at an incident and seeking reimbursement
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Epinephrine is used to treat patients in anaphylactic shock because of its effects of?
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Bronchodilation and vasoconstriction.
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In contrast to infants, toddlers?
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have a slower respiratory rate
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On most runs, the two MOST important pieces of patient history information that you need to obtain initially are the:
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Patient’s Name and Chief Complaint
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Q. Intubation of a patient with severe asthma:
|
is often a last resort because asthmatics are difficult to ventilate and are prone to pneumothoraces
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Red blood cell production is stimulated by a protein secreted by the:
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kidneys
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Which of the following conditions is characterized by a lack of progesterone and increased androgen levels, and can lead to hypertension and cardiac problems?
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polycystic ovaries
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Which of the following is NOT a predisposing risk factor for trauma in the elderly?
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Decreased body water
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You respond to a call for a 3-year-old in the care of a babysitter, who reports that the child fell from the top of a sliding board. Upon arrival you find the child lying on the ground in a supine position and not moving. You immediately start to hold in-line stabilization and check the ABC's. As you position your hands, you notice the child's head is tucked forward with the chin forward touching the chest. Which one of the following terms best describes this position?
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hyperflexion
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After determining that the scene is safe, the FIRST step in approaching a patient is to:
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Introduce yourself and to explain that you are a paramedic
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An electrical impulse is slightly delayed at the AV node so that the?
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Atria can empty into the ventricles.
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During normal menstruation, approximately ___ to ___ mL of blood is discharged from the vagina?
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25, 65
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Lap belts that are worn alone and high by a pregnant woman:
|
allow enough forward flexion and subsequent compression to rupture the uterus
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Q. Which of the following is NOT performed before, during, or after insertion of a nasogastric (NG) tube in a conscious patient?
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keeping the patients head in a flexed position during insertion of the tube
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The BEST example the paramedic can set with regard to injury prevention is?
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taking care of himself or herself and serving as a role model for others
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Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias is associated with the HIGHEST risk of stroke?
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Atrial fibrillation
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Which of the following is NOT a common sign of lead poisoning?
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Hypotension
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Which of the following is NOT a pre-incident indicator of terrorism?
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there is a report of a loud explosion
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You are called to a nursing home for the elderly patient who is suspected of having pneumonia and requires transport to the hospital. While you are obtaining the patient history, the nurse tells you that the patient exhibits myoclonus due to Parkinsonism. What is the sign that you expect to see when doing your assessment?
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persistent muscle spasms
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* Conveying calm, unmistakable, genuine concern for someone you've never met before is the most essential challenge as a/an?
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therapeutic communicator
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A cardiac patient with respiratory distress should be assumed to be experiencing?
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Heart failure with pulmonary edema.
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Asking the patient about the date, time, location, and events surrounding the current situation will enable you to:
|
Determine if the patient is (A&Ox4) Alert to Person, Place, Time and Event
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During the attempted resuscitation of a 79 yo man in cardiac arrest, a young man arrives at the scene and asks you to cease resuscitative efforts. He further tells you that the pt has entrusted him to make all of his medical decisions. You should?
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continue full resuscitative efforts and ask the man if the pt has a living will and if he has documentation naming him as the person authorized to make decisions
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Eye-to-eye contact with a patient communicates?
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honesty and concern
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Hematologic manifestations of lead poisoning include:
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anemia
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If a person survives the initial trauma from a shotgun wound at a close range:
|
contaminants that were driven into the wound can cause a severe infection
|
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Q. The cricothyroid membrane is the ideal site for making a surgical opening into the trachea because:
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no important structures lie between the skin covering the cricothyroid membrane and the airway
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Requesting a hazardous materials (Haz-Mat) team as early as possible to a scene involving a weapon of mass destruction is MOST important because:
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it takes time for the Haz-Mat team to assemble their personnel and equipment
|
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Risk factors for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) include all of the following, EXCEPT?
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monogamy
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The social assessment component of the GEMS diamond includes:
|
determining if activities of daily living are being provided by another person
|
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You arrive on the scene of an assisted living facility and find a 65-year-old woman who tells you that she is having severe abdominal pain. While obtaining the SAMPLE history she reports having been at her doctor's office earlier in the week and reports that he suspects gall stones. While doing a physical assessment you have rebound tenderness in the quadrant where the gall bladder is located. Which of the following best describes that anatomical location of the abdomen?
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right upper quadrant (RUQ)
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* When cells are hypoxic for more than a few seconds?
|
they produce substances that may damage other local or distant body systems
|
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A 55-year-old man complains of severe pain between his shoulder blades, which he describes as “ripping” in nature. He tells you that the pain began suddenly and has been intense and unrelenting since its onset. His medical history includes HTN; however, he admits to being noncompliant with his antihypertensive medication. Which of the following assessment findings would MOST likely reinforce your suspicion regarding the cause of his pain?
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Difference in blood pressure between the two arms.
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During third trimester vaginal bleeding?
|
the mother may lose as much as 40% of her blood volume before significant signs of hypovolemia occur
|
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Older men often experience difficulty urinating because of:
|
urethral pressure from an enlarged prostate
|
|
People who call 911 at the moment of a loved one's death MOST often needed?
|
information and support
|
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Q. Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when:
|
nonfunctional alveoli inhibit pulmonary gas exchange
|
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The recommended dose and method for administering naloxone to a patient who overdosed on a narcotic and is unresponsive and hypoventilating is:
|
2 mg injected slowly until the patient’s respirations improve
|
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When a patient presents with two seemingly unrelated complaints, it is MOST important for the paramedic to determine:
|
If the two complaints are related. If they are not related, which one will take priority.
|
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When a person falls from a significant height and lands on his or her feet, axial loading results in:
|
compression or burst fractures to the lumbar spine
|
|
Which of the following medications would be the LEAST likely to cause hypotension?
|
toradol
|
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Which projection from the neuron conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body?
|
axon
|
|
A critical incident is MOST accurately defined as?
|
an incident that overwhelms the ability of an EMS worker or system to cope with the experience, either at the scene or later
|
|
A helicopter landing zone should be:
|
100 feet by 100 feet in size, and on a surface that is firm, level, and free of debris
|
|
A vertical plane that is parallel to the median plane is called?
|
sagittal
|
|
An elderly person is more likely to sustain serious injury following trauma due to:
|
brittle, demineralized bone
|
|
Following a head-on collision of a motorcycle and a truck, the motorcyclist would MOST likely experience initial injury to the:
|
femurs and tibias
|
|
Prehospital treatment for a patient who overdosed on aspirin would MOST likely include:
|
sodium bicarbonate
|
|
Q. What function do the nasal turbinates serve?
|
warming and humidifying inhaled air
|
|
The history of present illness is MOST accurately defined as:
|
A clear sequence and chronologic account of the patient’s sign and symptoms, that is, what happened and when.
|
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There is evidence that a 21-year-old woman was given Rohypnol before being raped. She presents with alcohol on her breath, drowsiness, and memory loss. Her blood pressure is 98/68 mmHg, pulse is 58 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are decreased and shallow. You attempt to administer high-flow oxygen, but she resists. What should you do now?
|
consider administering naloxone in case she was also given a narcotic drug.
|
|
When analyzing a cardiac rhythm strip in lead II, you should routinely evaluate all of the following components, EXCEPT?
|
S-T segment.
|
|
When touching a patient as a form of reassurance, the paramedic should?
|
touch the patient on a neutral part of his or her body
|
|
_________ anatomy is anatomy associated with a particular body region.
|
topographic
|
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A 25-year-old woman was involved in a motor vehicle accident in which she struck the rear end of another car at a low rate of speed. When you arrive at the scene and exit the ambulance, you immediately hear the patient screaming, “My baby, my baby!” After calming the patient down, she tells you that she is 10 weeks pregnant and that she is afraid that the car accident injured her child. She confirms that she was properly restrained at the time of impact. She is conscious and alert, denies abdominal pain, and has stable vital signs. She refuses spinal motion restriction precautions, but does consent to EMS transport. You should?
|
administer supplemental oxygen, establish a large-bore IV line and set the rate to keep the vein open, provide emotional support, and transport her to an appropriate hospital.
|
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An 82-year-old man presents with confusion that has worsened progressively over the past 2 weeks. Because of his confusion and the fact that he is hearing impaired, you obtain the majority of your medical history information from his daughter. She tells you that her father has high blood pressure but refuses to take medication for it. She also tells you that she thinks he fell about 3 weeks ago, although he denies falling. The patient’s blood pressure is 168/98 mmHg, his pulse rate is 60 beats/min and occasionally irregular, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. This patient MOST likely:
|
is experiencing a subdural hematoma
|
|
EMS providers can be MOST effective in helping reduce the incidence of suicide, domestic violence, and child abuse by?
|
noting risk factors at the scene and reporting data
|
|
From an anatomic and physiologic perspective, inhaled toxins:
|
quickly reach the alveoli and rapidly gain access to the circulatory system.
|
|
If a level 1 trauma center is 30 miles away, and a level 2 trauma center is 10 miles away, it would be MOST appropriate to transport the patient with a severe traumatic brain injury:
|
via air transport to the level 1 trauma center
|
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Q. You are transporting an intubated patient and note that the digital capnometry reading has quicky fallen below 30 mmHg. You should:
|
take immediate measures to confirm proper placement of the ET tube
|
|
Teething is commonly accompanied by?
|
fever
|
|
The MOST important initial pieces of equipment to bring to the side of an unconscious patient are the?
|
Defibrillator and airway management equipment.
|
|
Where would you MOST likely find a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) that provides information about a hazardous material?
|
A permanent manufacturing or storage facility
|
|
Which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence when trying to determine a patient's current health status?
|
“ You will also need to ask about any accidents or injuries the patient had within the last month or so and about any operations or hospitalizations within the last 6 months or so.
|
|
General principles for backing up an ambulance include:
|
stopping the vehicle if you lose sight of your spotter
|
|
If a patient is unable to tell you who he or she is, where he or she is, and what day of the week it is?
|
you should suspect decreased blood flow to the brain
|
|
If a pregnant woman is injured and bleeding severly?
|
blood flow will be diverted away from the uterus
|
|
If an EMS agency's call volume is too heavy to allow response within an appropriate time frame?
|
mutual aid resources are not legally required to assist
|
|
In contrast to chronic leukemia, acute leukemia occurs when:
|
bone marrow is replaced with abnormal lymphoblasts.
|
|
Q. The anterior portion of the palate is formed by the:
|
maxilla and palatine bones
|
|
The heart hypertrophies with age, MOST likely in response to:
|
a chronically increased afterload caused by arteriosclerotic blood vessels
|
|
The major source of energy for all chemical reactions of the body is/are?
|
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
|
|
The peak magnitude of the pressure wave experienced by a person:
|
lessens as the person is farther away from the center of the explosion
|
|
Which of the following questions will allow you to gain insight quickly when performing a check of a patient's body systems?
|
“Has your doctor ever told you that you have a heart, lung or brain problem?”
|
|
Which of the following statements regarding second-degree heart block is MOST correct?
|
Second-degree heart block occurs when an impulse reaching the AV node is occasionally prevented from proceeding to the ventricles and causing a QRS complex.
|
|
A patient who ingested a significant amount of ethylene glycol 6 hours ago would MOST likely present with:
|
slurred speech and ataxia
|
|
If the windshield of a wrecked vehicle is cracked or broken:
|
the front seat occupant has a cervical injury until proven otherwise
|
|
Infants are referred to as belly breathers because?
|
they rely mostly on their diaphragm to breathe
|
|
Movement of a body part away from the midline is called?
|
abduction
|
|
Q. In contrast to the right lung, the left lung:
|
has two lobes
|
|
Regardless of a paramedic's circadian rhythms, he or she should?
|
not overlook the need for rest
|
|
Reiter syndrome?
|
is a rare complication associated with untreated Chlamydia and is characterized by arthritis and skin lesions
|
|
The interaction of two hazardous materials that produces a much greater impact than either chemical alone is called:
|
synergism
|
|
The mitral valve:
|
is located on the higher-pressure side of the heart.
|
|
Which of the following statements regarding Alzheimer’s disease is NOT correct?
|
Age alone is thought to be the underlying cause of Alzheimer’s disease
|
|
Your patient will MOST likely develop a good first impression of you if you:
|
Your appearance should be professional and your demeanor positive and friendly.
|
|
A closed, or contained, mass casualty incident is a situation that:
|
is not expected to produce more patients than initially present
|
|
Adverse drug reactions in elderly people are the result of:
|
changes in drug metabolism due to diminished hepatic function
|
|
Burnout is a consequence of?
|
chronic, unrelieved stress
|
|
Crack is a combination of:
|
cocaine, baking soda, and water
|
|
Q. When placing a dislodged tracheostomy tube, it is MOST important that you:
|
take appropriate BSI precautions
|
|
Relative to younger adults, older adults generally have a harder time breathing because the?
|
natural elasticity of the lungs decreases
|
|
The MOST common site of deceleration injury in the chest is the:
|
aorta
|
|
What is the R-on-T phenomenon?
|
A PVC that occurs when the ventricles are not fully repolarized.
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle?
|
stratified
|
|
Which of the following statements regarding an ectopic pregnancy is MOST correct?
|
in ectopic pregnancy, a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the uterus
|
|
Working to ensure a patient's privacy, confidentiality, and comfort level will:
|
Will go a long way toward establishing positive patient rapport and encourage more honest, open communication.
|
|
* A paramedic who looks the part of professional?
|
inspires confidence in his or her patients
|
|
Cardiac dysrhythmias in older people are LESS commonly the result of:
|
poorly controlled anxiety
|
|
In contrast to a type II ambulance, a type III ambulance:
|
is a specialty van that usually has a modular ambulance body
|
|
Q. A patient who is coughing up thick pulmonary secretions should NOT take:
|
an antitussive
|
|
The external female genitalia are collectively reffered to as the?
|
pudendum
|
|
The paramedic should always address a patient:
|
Ask the patient his/her name and how he/she would like to be addressed.
|
|
Unlike decoration injuries, crush and compression injuries occur:
|
at the time of impact
|
|
What is the movement of a substance against a concentration or gradient such as the cell membrane called?
|
active transport
|
|
Which of the following is an example of a protocol?
|
standing orders
|
|
You receive a call to a residence for a 44-year-old man who is “ill.” The patient, who receives dialysis treatments three times a week, tells you that he has missed his last two treatments because he was not feeling well. As your partner takes the patient’s vital signs, you apply the ECG, which reveals a sinus rhythm with tall T waves. The 12-lead ECG reveals a sinus rhythm with inverted complexes in lead aVR. On the basis of your clinical findings, you should be MOST suspicious that the patient is:
|
hyperkalemic
|
|
You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has systemic iron toxicity if he or she presents with:
|
hematemesis
|
|
A classic sign of atrial flutter is:
|
the presence of sawtooth F waves.
|
|
According to the Haddon matrix, which of the following is an example of a pre-event strategy used to prevent injury in a child who is riding in a motor vehicle?
|
reducing driving during high-risk times
|
|
Physiologic age-related decreases in skin elasticity are the result of:
|
decreased collagen and elastin production
|
|
Q. A patient with quiet tachypnea is MOST likely experiencing:
|
shock
|
|
The headache commonly experienced by a women during their menstrual cycle is caused by?
|
hormonal release
|
|
The most effective way to reinforce your interest in and concern for your patient is to?
|
use a calm and steady tone of reassurance
|
|
The primary determinants of the extent of trauma a patient sustains are the:
|
amount of energy in the object and the mechanism by which the object is delivered to the body
|
|
The term caudad means?
|
lower, towards the feet
|
|
The toxic chemical in castor beans is:
|
ricin
|
|
Using casual nicknames can be especially problematic when:
|
Cultural differences exist between you and the patient.
|
|
You receive a call to a residence in a rural area of your jurisdiction for a patient with an acute COPD exacerbation. Upon arriving at the scene, you knock on the door and identify yourself. The patient, an elderly-sounding man, tells you that you took too long to get to him, and that he has a shotgun. You should:
|
immediately retreat to the ambulance and notify law enforcement
|
|
* The ___ reflex happens when an infant is startled and opens his or her arms wide?
|
moro
|
|
At a minimum, a level 2 trauma center should:
|
be able to initiate definitive care for all injured patients
|
|
Elderly people are more susceptible to intracranial bleeding because of:
|
enlargement of the subdural space
|
|
EMS providers who read off a list of questions to the patient to fill in all the blanks on the run report:
|
Tend to make little or no eye contact.
|
|
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) commonly affects all of the following organs, EXCEPT the?
|
urinary bladder
|
|
Q. One of the hallmarks of a pulmonary embolism is:
|
cyanosis that does not resolve with oxygen therapy
|
|
The EMS network begins?
|
with citizen involvement
|
|
The severity with which a hazardous material interferes with the body’s internal processes is LEAST affected by the:
|
part of the body exposed
|
|
Vasoconstriction occurs following stimulation of:
|
alpha receptors.
|
|
When too much water enters a cell and the cell swells and bursts, this process is called?
|
lysis
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a main component of the hematologic system:
|
pancreas
|
|
Q. Neuromuscular blocking agents:
|
convert a breathing patient with a marginal airway into an apneic patient with no airway
|
|
The area located posterior to the partial peritoneum that contains the kidneys is called the?
|
retroperitoneal space
|
|
The MOST effective injury prevention program is one that is?
|
broad and ongoing
|
|
When applying the precordial leads, lead I should be placed in the:
|
fourth intercostal space at the right sternal border.
|
|
When summoning an air transport service to transport a critically injured patient, it is MOST important to:
|
activate the service as soon as possible
|
|
When transferring a geriatric patient from a hospital to an extended care facility, it is MOST important to:
|
Review the patient’s transfer paperwork.
|
|
Which of the following questions is the MOST important to ask when obtaining a patient’s gynecologic history?
|
“When was your last menstrual period?”
|
|
Which of the following statements regarding belt noise is MOST correct?
|
it is the squealing sound related to a load on one of the belt-operated appliances.
|
|
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is MOST commonly used to:
|
facilitate sexual assault
|
|
Hypotension and orthostatic vital sign changes would MOST likely occur in elderly people who take:
|
diuretics
|
|
If nonencapsulated bacteria enter the body?
|
macrophages begin to destroy them immediately
|
|
A pt has requested to be transported to a specific hospital; however, the hospital does not have the proper resources to meet the patient's needs. You should?
|
determine if there is a more appropriate medical facility within a reasonable distance
|
|
Anemia would result from all of the following conditions, EXCEPT:
|
an increase in iron
|
|
Controlling a patient's fear involves?
|
using your own sense of competence and professional calm
|
|
Q. Several cycles of basic life support maneuvers have failed to relieve a severe airway obstruction in an unconscious 44-year-old woman. You should:
|
perform direct laryngoscopy and attempt to remove the obstruction with Magill forceps
|
|
Structural protection afforded to a motorcycle rider during a crash comes from:
|
protective gear worn by the rider
|
|
Systemic effects following exposure to a hazardous material:
|
may be delayed for hours or even years
|
|
The inferior wall of the left ventricle is supplied by the:
|
right coronary artery.
|
|
The MOST important thing you can do to facilitate the exchange of information between you and your patient is to:
|
Pay Attention!
|
|
Therapeutic doses of certain drugs may reach toxic levels in older people due to deterioration of the:
|
liver
|
|
Which of the following statements regarding the umbilical cord is MOST correct?
|
the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
|
|
You are assigned to a paramedic unit and receive a call to an elderly housing unit for the report of a 76-year-old man who fell. You find the man on the floor of his room, in pain, and you immediately notice that his right foot and knee are pointing outward. You do an assessment and obtain vital signs before calling medical control for an order to give pain medication. Which of the following terms should you use when describing the position of the leg to medical control?
|
externally rotated
|
|
Aging is a linear process, which means that:
|
the rate at which we lose functions does not increase with age
|
|
Common signs of left-sided heart failure include all of the following, EXCEPT:
|
hypotension.
|
|
Mass casualty equipment and supplies needed for airway control include all of the following, EXCEPT:
|
large-bore IV catheters for thoracic decompression
|
|
Professional skepticism is?
|
a useful tool and facilitates sound clinical decision making
|
|
Q. End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) detection is a reliable method for confirming proper ET tube placement because:
|
carbon dioxide is not present in the esophagus
|
|
The MOST appropriate initial question to ask a patient who complains of chest pain is:
|
Can you describe the pain?
|
|
What is the movement of water out of plasma across the capillary membrane into interstitial space called?
|
filtration
|
|
What type of injuries would MOST likely occur if a passenger is wearing his or her lap belt above the pelvic bone during a frontal impact?
|
Abdominal and lumbar spine
|
|
Which of the following interventions generally is preferred for a patient who overdosed on a barbiturate more than 1 hour ago?
|
Activated charcoal
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a critical point addressed by the "White Paper" written in 1966, that was entitled "Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society"?
|
ensuring that paramedics responded to every call
|
|
You are caring for a 44-year-old woman who was sexually assaulted by several men. She is conscious but very quiet. Your partner, a female paramedic, quickly examines her and finds no immediate life threatening injuries. The patient tells you that all she wants to do is go home and take a shower. After multiple attempts to convince the patient to consent to transport, you are unsuccessful. Your MOST appropriate action should be to?
|
ask the patient if there is a friend you can call with whom she can stay.
|
|
A metallic taste in the mouth, explosive diarrhea, and a skin rash are MOST indicative of:
|
arsenic poisoning
|
|
Barotrauma secondary to bag-mask ventilations in an infant means that your ventilations?
|
were too forceful
|
|
Common signs and symptoms of gardnerella vaginitis include?
|
a “fishy” vaginal odor, itching, irritation, and vaginal discharge
|
|
In a patient with left heart failure and pulmonary edema:
|
increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary veins forces serum out of the pulmonary capillaries and into the alveoli.
|
|
Patient autonomy is MOST accurately defined as the?
|
patient's right to direct his or her own care and to decide how end-of-life care should be provided
|
|
Q. When auscultating the lungs of a patient with pulmonary edema, you will MOST likely hear:
|
crackles in the bases of the lungs at the end of inspiration
|
|
Reflection is a powerful tool for getting a good patient history because:
|
Two reasons: 1) Reflection usually does not break the flow of your patient’s thoughts. It helps you both stay focused. 2 )The information you will obtain is not biased by “leading the patient”.
|
|
Routine pre-hospital treatment for a patient with internal hemorrhage and shock includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
|
analgesia if the systolic BP is greater than 70 mmHg
|
|
When transporting one stable and one critical patient in the same ambulance, you should:
|
load the most critical patient last so he or she can be unloaded first.
|
|
Which of the following statements regarding aging is MOST correct?
|
Health care providers may attribute genuine disease symptoms to age, resulting in inadequate care
|
|
Which of the following types of epithelium consists of single layer of cells of varying heights?
|
pseudostratified
|
|
* Hyperkalemia is most accurately defined as?
|
an elevated SERUM potassium level
|
|
During shock, norepinephrine release causes:
|
the body to shunt blood from areas of lesser need to areas of greater need
|
|
During your initial assessment of a patient with a hematologic disorder, your priority should be to:
|
note any signs and symptoms that may be immediately life threatening.
|
|
If a paramedic is self-motivated, he or she should NOT?
|
require maximum supervision at work
|
|
Postmenopausal women?
|
are more susceptible to atherosclerosis and osteoporosis
|
|
Q. The ___ are pyramid-like structures that form the posterior attachment of the vocal cords.
|
arytenoid cartilages
|
|
The objective of dash displacement is to:
|
lift the dash up and move it forward
|
|
The proper compression-to-ventilation ratio for two-rescuer adult CPR when an oropharyngeal airway is in place is:
|
30:2
|
|
What is the name of the mechanisms within a cell that carry out the functions needed for the human body to function?
|
organelles
|
|
When a patient tells you that he or she takes a “water pill,” it is MOST important for you to:
|
Clarify what they mean.
|
|
Which of the following is an extrinsic cause of falls in the elderly?
|
An uneven sidewalk
|
|
An acetone breath odor is common following exposure to all of the following toxins, EXCEPT:
|
camphor
|
|
An empathetic attitude:
|
“Putting yourself in his or her shoes”. Empathy can help you set your patient on a path to healing ~ no matter what the diagnosis.
|
|
If your only protection from gunfire in a residence is behind a frame wall, you should:
|
stand near the door or window frame, which usually contain more wood than other areas of the wall.
|
|
In addition to meeting the metabolic needs of the developing fetus, the mother’s blood supply increases significantly in order to perfuse her own organs, especially the?
|
uterus and kidneys
|
|
Q. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by:
|
changes in pulmonary structure and function that are progressive and irreversible
|
|
The appropriate dosing regimen for epinephrine in cardiac arrest is:
|
1 mg of a 1:10,000 solution every 3 to 5 min
|
|
The covering of the lungs is called the?
|
visceral pleura
|
|
To be credible, an injury prevention intervention?
|
should have quantitatively measured results
|
|
Typical signs and symptoms of Meniere disease include all of the following, EXCEPT:
|
otorrhea
|
|
What aggregates in a clump and forms much of the foundation of a blood clot during the process of coagulation:
|
platelets
|
|
Which of the following psychosocial changes is common during adolescence?
|
fixation on public image and fear of embarrassment
|
|
During the irreversible (terminal) phase of shock:
|
the body attempts to shunt blood from the liver, kidneys, and lungs to keep the heart and brain perfused
|
|
HTN is present when the blood pressure:
|
is consistently greater than 140/90 mmHg while at rest.
|
|
If your department has its own technical rescue team:
|
technical rescue protocols should be established
|
|
Q. Which of the following findings is MOST clinically significant in a 30-year-old woman with difficulty breathing and a history of asthma?
|
Prior ICU admission for her asthma
|
|
The effort to rehabilitate a person who has survived an injury is called?
|
tertiary injury prevention
|
|
The emotional state of craving a drug to maintain a feeling of well-being is defined as:
|
psychological dependence
|
|
What event occurs during the third stage of labor?
|
placental delivery
|
|
When asking a patient if he or she uses illegal drugs, you will MOST likely get accurate information if you:
|
Remain professional and nonjudgmental.
|
|
When assessing an older person, you should remember that it is common for him or her to:
|
respond slowly to questions
|
|
Which of the following is not an example of an open-ended question?
|
"Does the pain radiate to your arm or jaw?"
|
|
You arrive at the scene of a bar fight. The scene has been made safe. A police officer meets you and tells you that he believes the victim was stabbed in the neck and the carotid artery may have been hit. Which triangle in the neck was most likely punctured?
|
anterior
|
|
Formed elements of the blood account for approximately ___% of the total blood volume.
|
45%
|
|
If a patient refuses to give you information, you should:
|
Infer what could be causing the distress and then ask the patient if you are right (i.e, “So, if I understand you correctly...”)
|
|
If you suspect internal bleeding during the initial assessment, you should:
|
keep the patient warm and administer oxygen
|
|
In contrast to the lesions associated with other skin disorders, the lesions associated with smallpox:
|
are identical in size and shape
|
|
Movement of an extremity toward the midline is called?
|
adduction
|
|
Q. Open cricothyrotomy is generally contraindicated in all of the following situations, EXCEPT:
|
any patient who is younger than 16 years of age
|
|
The MOST common cause of amenorrhea is?
|
pregnancy
|
|
Which of the following statements regarding protocols is MOST correct?
|
protocols are usually developed in conjunction with national standards
|
|
You and an EMT-B are performing CPR on an elderly woman in cardiac arrest as your paramedic partner prepares to intubate her. After the patient has been intubated and proper ET tube placement has been confirmed, you should:
|
perform asynchronous CPR while ventilating the patient at a rate of 8 to 10 breaths/min.
|
|
You will distance yourself from your patient as a person if you?
|
use complicated medical terminology
|
|
After falls, ___ is/are the second leading cause of accidental death among the elderly people.
|
motor vehicle accidents
|
|
_____ connect(s) muscles to bones?
|
tendons
|
|
A 39-year-old man in asystole has been unresponsive to CPR and 2 doses of epinephrine. The patient is intubated and an intraosseous catheter is in place. What intervention should you perform next?
|
Administer 1 mg of atropine.
|
|
Anaerobic metabolism:
|
is less efficient than aerobic metabolism and leads to systemic acidosis
|
|
Before asking a patient how he or she is feeling, you must FIRST:
|
Ask for facts first, then follow up. Establish a rapport before asking how they are feeling.
|
|
If a woman’s prepregnancy resting heart rate is 70 bpm, you would expect her heart rate to range between ___ and ___ at term.
|
85, 90
|
|
Many ___ believe that touching the head may put their soul in jeopardy.
|
Asians
|
|
Q. Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for nasotracheal intubation?
|
spinal injury
|
|
The poisonous part of the apricot plant is the ___, which contains:
|
seed, cyanide
|
|
Which of the following situations would be LEAST likely to require a critical incident stress debriefing (CISD)?
|
death of a 91 yo pt with lung CA
|
|
Which of the following statements regarding radiation is MOST correct?
|
it is impossible to recognize the type of radiation emitted from a given source
|
|
You are dispatched to an assisted living center for an 80-year-old woman who is vomiting bright red blood. Upon your arrival, you find the patient sitting in a chair. She is conscious and alert, but is markedly pale and diaphoretic. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, congestive heart failure, type 2 diabetes, hypothyroidism, and osteoarthritis. Her medications include Toprol, lisinopril, Glucophage, Synthroid, and ibuprofen. Her blood pressure is 76/56 mmHg, pulse is 76 beats/min and weak, and respirations are 24 breaths/min and shallow. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is MOST correct?
|
This patient, who is in shock, probably has a bleeding peptic ulcer secondary to ibuprofen use, and the lack of compensatory tachycardia is likely the result of the beta blocker she is taking.
|
|
* Which of the following questions would MOST like reveal a hidden medical condition when communicating with a patient who has a severe headache?
|
"What happened the last time you felt this way?"
|
|
A hypertensive emergency is MOST accurately defined as:
|
An acute elevation in blood pressure with signs of end-organ damage
|
|
A man is lying on his back with his legs elevated approximately 12 inches and his head down. What is this position called?
|
Trendelenburg's
|
|
Anemia resulting from an autoimmune disorder occurs when:
|
red blood cells are destroyed by the body’s own antibodies.
|
|
If you discover that a seemingly ordinary EMS call is actually a hazardous materials incident, you should:
|
immediately notify the dispatcher and request the appropriate resources
|
|
Q. When administering a nebulized bronchodilator, the oxygen flow rate should be set to at least ___ liters per minute.
|
6
|
|
The MOST effective way to deal with stress is to?
|
identify the stress triggers and take action to minimize their effects
|
|
The MOST significant factor that determines how well the body compensates for blood loss is:
|
the period of time over which the blood is lost
|
|
When examining the placenta, you should suspect fetal anemia if?
|
the maternal side of the placenta is pale
|
|
Which of the following questions would be MOST appropriate to ask when attempting to determine the quality of a patient's pain?
|
Does the pain come and go, or is it constant?
|
|
You are called to a residence for a 74-year-old woman who fainted. During your assessment, the patient’s son tells you that he was standing next to his mother when she fainted and that he caught her before she fell to the floor. He further tells you that his mother has angina pectoris and kidney disease. The patient is now conscious but confused. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mmHg, pulse is 110 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. As your partner administers supplemental oxygen to the patient, you should:
|
assess for the presence of a nitroglycerin patch on the patient and remove it if she is wearing one.
|
|
A regular rhythm with inverted P waves before each QRS complex, a ventricular rate of 70 beats/min, narrow QRS complexes, and a P-R interval of 0.16 seconds should be interpreted as a/an:
|
accelerated junctional rhythm.
|
|
If an individual has A-positive blood:
|
his or her blood contains the Rh antigen
|
|
It is appropriate to ask, “Would you say the pain is similar to or worse than with previous episodes?” when determining the ¬¬¬___ of a patient's pain.
|
Severity
|
|
Q. Common clinical findings in patients with obstructive lung disease include all of the following, EXCEPT:
|
a decreased expiratory pause
|
|
The bend of the elbow is known as the?
|
antecubital fossa
|
|
Upper respiratory tract infections are more common in toddlers than in infants because?
|
of a loss of passive immunity
|
|
When caring for any pt, it is important to remember that?
|
your moral standards may conflict with the pts best interests
|
|
Which of the following statements regarding the use of emergency escorts is MOST correct?
|
Many drivers will only see the first emergency vehicle and assume that it is clear once that vehicle has passed
|
|
Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause vague or atypical signs of acute myocardial infarction?
|
female sex and diabetes
|
|
Which of the following statements regarding endometriosis is MOST correct?
|
untreated endometriosis may result in septic shock
|
|
Widespread dilation of the resistance vessels, capacitance vessels, or both, leads to:
|
distributive shock
|
|
* The induction phase of the immune response begins when?
|
part of the immune system recognizes an antigen
|
|
A third-service EMS system is one in which:
|
a public agency not affiliated with the fire department provides EMS service
|
|
Aging brings a widespread disease in bone mass, especially:
|
in postmenopausal women
|
|
During the proliferative phase?
|
estrogen stimulates the endometrium to increase in thickness in preparation for the reception and future growth of a fertilized egg.
|
|
For the EMS provider, the process of collecting and analyzing data regarding injury prevention begins with?
|
completing a legible PCR
|
|
Pharmacologic management for a black widow-spider bite may include all of the following, EXCEPT:
|
sodium bicarbonate
|
|
Q. The MOST significant complication associated with the use of multilumen airways is:
|
unrecognized displacement of the tube into the esophagus
|
|
The mnemonic “OPQRST” is a tool that:
|
Offers an easy-to-remember approach to analyzing a patient’s chief complaint that is simple and effective.
|
|
The preferred antiarrhythmic medication and initial dose for a patient with refractory ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia is:
|
amiodarone, 300 mg.
|
|
Which of the following conditions would result in obstructive shock?
|
Tension pneumothorax
|
|
Which term describes an imaginary line drawn vertically through the middle portion of the collarbone and parallel to the midline?
|
midclavicular
|
|
Untreated depression in people over 65 years of age:
|
is associated with a higher suicide rate than any other age group
|
|
When documenting the severity of a patient's pain, it is also important to:
|
Note how distressed the patient appears: mild, moderate, or severe.
|
|
When wearing gloves while taking care of a pt, you should?
|
take them off before you drive the ambulance to the hospital
|
|
You are dispatched to a residence for a 29-year-old woman with difficulty breathing. The patient was recently diagnosed with leukemia and has just completed her first round of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Upon arriving at the scene, you find the patient sitting in a recliner. Her level of consciousness is markedly diminished and her breathing is shallow. Her husband, obviously frightened, pleads with you to do something. You should FIRST:
|
move her to the floor and open her airway
|
|
A patient's vital signs, ECG findings, and blood glucose reading should be?
|
disclosed to the patient if he or she inquires about them
|
|
A woman who does not take prenatal vitamins during the course of her pregnancy is at GREATEST risk for?
|
anemia
|
|
Air ambulances are advantageous for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:
|
more experience of the flight paramedics
|
|
During compensated shock:
|
an increase in respiratory rate and depth creates a compensatory respiratory alkalosis to offset the metabolic acidosis
|
|
Leads V1 to V3 allow you to view ___ wall of the left ventricle.
|
Anteroseptal
|
|
Q. Which of the following patients has the lowest minute volume?
|
Tidal volume of 350 mL; respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min
|
|
The rotator cuff is also called the?
|
shoulder girdle
|
|
A solution that has equal osmotic pressure to cells and body fluid, such as normal saline, is said to be?
|
isotonic
|
|
A weak radial pulse in a patient with shock indicates:
|
vascular dilation and decreased blood flow
|
|
Dysmenorrhea that occurs before, during, and after menstrual flow?
|
may signal an underlying illness.
|
|
If the ECG leads are applied correctly, the PQRST configuration should be inverted in lead:
|
aVR
|
|
Polypharmacy is MOST accurately defined as:
|
the prescribing of multiple drugs to treat multiple conditions
|
|
Q. The cricothyroid membrane:
|
is relatively avascular and is covered by skin and minimal subcutaneous tissue
|
|
Throughout the patient assessment process:
|
Look for nonverbal communication, such as changes in facial expression, heavy sighs, or aggressive gestures (finger pointing)
|
|
You are caring for a patient with non-life-threatening injuries in the treatment section of a mass casualty incident when you are approached by several TV reporters who are seeking details regarding the incident. You should:
|
direct the reporters to the public information officer
|
|
You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The pt, a 29 yo man, is in cardiac arrest from a severe head injury and has been receiving bystander CPR for approximately 10 min. A law enforcement official advises you that the pt's driver's license identifies him as an organ donor. You should?
|
begin full resuscitative efforts and transport the patient to a trauma center because certain tissues may be viable for harvesting
|
|
You would expect a person to be hypertensive and tachycardic following exposure to all of the following, EXCEPT:
|
parathion
|
|
You would MOST likely see an increased end-tidal CO2 reading in an otherwise healthy older adult because?
|
residual volume increases with age, resulting in stagnant air remaining in the alveoli and hampering gas exchange
|
|
A woman finds her 50-year-old husband unresponsive on the couch. When you arrive and begin your assessment, the wife tells you that her husband experienced an episode of chest discomfort 2 days prior, but refused to seek medical attention. The patient is unconscious and unresponsive; is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal volume; and has rapid, thready radial pulses. Your partner reports that the patient’s systolic BP is 70 mmHg. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient involves:
|
assisting his ventilations, applying a cardiac monitor, intubating if necessary, auscultating his lungs, transporting at once, establishing vascular access en route, administering a 200-mL crystalloid bolus if his lungs are clear, and considering a dopamine infusion.
|
|
Abnormal neurologic signs that accompany hypertensive encephalopathy occur when:
|
pressure causes a breach in the blood brain barrier and fluid leaks out, causing an increase in intracranial pressure.
|
|
For the first year of life, an infant has naturally acquired passive immunities because?
|
he or she maintains some of the mother's immunities
|
|
If you have a bad cold, it is MOST appropriate to?
|
refrain from pt care
|
|
Q. The upper airway of an adult consists of all the structures above the:
|
vocal cords
|
|
What is the movement of a solvent from an area of low solute concentration to one of higher concentration through a selectively permeable membrane called?
|
osmosis
|
|
When assessing a patient who is under the influence of alcohol, it is MOST important to remember that:
|
Do not assume that all that you are told is completely accurate and keep your best professional attitude as you work with patients you suspect of using drugs or alcohol. Alcohol may mask any number of signs and symptoms.
|
|
Which of the following changes occurs in the respiratory system of a pregnant woman?
|
minute ventilation increases by as much as 50%, which causes the PaCO2 to drop by about 5%.
|
|
Which of the following disease processes would MOST likely present with signs and symptoms that mimic those seen with normal aging?
|
hypothyroidism
|
|
Which of the following statements regarding loading and securing a patient in the back of the ambulance is MOST correct?
|
Whether the patient is lying on the stretcher or sitting on the bench seat, he or she must be properly seat-belted.
|
|
You are caring for an alcoholic patient who has been abstinent for about two days. The patient is confused, restless, and tells you that he sees snakes crawling on the walls. His blood pressure is 76/52 mmHg, pulse rate is 140 bpm and weak, and respirations are 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:
|
treat his hypotension with crystalloid fluid boluses.
|
|
* An injection of immunoglobulin is an example of?
|
passive acquired immunity
|
|
A 55-year-old man has signs and symptoms consistent with peritonitis. Which of the following symptoms is consistent with this condition?
|
decreased bowel sounds
|
|
A paramedic is considered a health care professional, and as such should?
|
meet societal expectations whether he or she is on or off duty
|
|
A woman who is taking pentosan polysulfate sodium (Elmiron) MOST likely has?
|
interstitial cystitis
|
|
An ambulance should be removed from service immediately if you feel or hear:
|
brake fade
|
|
Atherosclerosis is a process in which:
|
plaque infiltrates the arterial wall, decreasing its elasticity and narrowing its lumen.
|
|
If you suspect that a patient has been abused, you should:
|
Never hesitate to call for law enforcement personnel.
|
|
Q. Digital clubbing is MOST indicative of:
|
chronic hypoxia
|
|
The dieffencachia plant is also referred to as “dumb cane” because:
|
ingestion can result in the patient being unable to speak.
|
|
The goal of volume replacement for a patient with hemorrhagic shock is to:
|
maintain perfusion without increasing internal or uncontrollable external bleeding
|
|
You respond to a residence for an unknown emergency involving an 83-year-old man. When you arrive, you find the patient, who is conscious and alert, sitting on his couch with his head held over a bowl. He tells you that his nose starting bleeding about 20 minutes ago and he cannot get it to stop. As your partner assists the patient in controlling the bleeding, you inquire about his medical history. He tells you that he has chronic atrial fibrillation, high blood pressure, and is occasionally depressed. When you ask him about compliance with his medications, he tells you, “I take my medicine every day, but the writing on the bottles is so small.” The patient’s blood pressure is 112/58 mmHg, pulse rate is 88 beats/min and irregular, and respirations are 18 and unlabored. This patient has MOST likely inadvertently:
|
overdosed on his warfarin
|
|
Care for a patient with profound shock begins by:
|
following BSI precautions
|
|
Considering the physiologic changes that occur with age, which of the following interventions would pose the GREATEST risk for harm when caring for an elderly patient with a severe burn that is complicated by a spinal injury?
|
fluid replacement
|
|
In the late stage of syphilis?
|
the patient is usually asymptomatic, but damage to the brain, heart, blood vessels, and liver is occurring
|
|
Older adults are prone to subdural hematomas because?
|
age-related shrinkage of the brain stretches the bridging veins that return blood from the brain to the dura mater
|
|
Q. A critical step when using a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) unit to treat a patient with severe respiratory distress is:
|
ensuring an adequate mask seal with minimal leakage
|
|
The bioavailability and excretion rate of a toxin are influenced MOST by the:
|
amount of the toxin and the relative speed at which it is metabolized
|
|
The husband of a terminally ill woman called 911 because he thinks that his wife is about to die. The pt has a valid living will and an out-of-hospital DNR order. You should?
|
treat the husband and his wife with respect and provide emotional support
|
|
Which of the following findings would make you the LEAST suspicious for abuse or domestic violence?
|
(Suspicious findings WOULD INCLUDE) injuries inconsistent with the information you are given, or multiple injuries in various stages of healing.
|
|
Which term describes the palm of the hand facing downward?
|
pronation
|
|
While preparing to receive patients at the scene of a hazardous material spill, you see a middle-aged man approaching your ambulance. He is covered with a green liquid, is dyspneic, and states that he “barely got out of there alive!” You should:
|
tell him to stop immediately and inform the incident commander that the patient has not been decontaminated.
|
|
You are assessing a conscious and alert middle-aged male who complains of chest discomfort and nausea. His blood pressure is 112/70 mmHg, pulse is 90 beats/min and regular, and respirations are 20 breaths/min and regular. The patient’s past medical history is significant for hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia. His medications include Synthroid, Lipitor, Cialis, and 1 baby aspirin per day. Which of the following medications would you LEAST likely administer?
|
Nitroglycerin
|
|
A patient is having trouble breathing and showing signs of a heart attack. The patient is placed on a stretcher, seated, with the back of the stretcher about halfway up. This position is called?
|
semi-Fowler's
|
|
A patient with a medical condition that requires antiplatelet therapy would MOST likely be taking:
|
Plavix
|
|
Just after birth, the ductus arteriosus constricts and closes, resulting in?
|
circulation through the pulmonary system
|
|
Q. Whether you are using the PtL or the Combitube:
|
both devices are inserted blindly into the posterior pharynx
|
|
When a pt minimizes his or her symptoms by stating, "I'm fine," the paramedic should?
|
find a reliable informant among the pt's family or friends
|
|
When asking questions pertaining to a patient's sexual history, it is MOST important to remember that:
|
Private setting is essential, also certain factors may inhibit truthful response.
|
|
When functioning at the scene of a major incident, communication should:
|
be face to face to minimize radio traffic
|
|
Which of the following central nervous system functions does NOT change as a person ages?
|
intelligence level
|
|
Which of the following interventions is influenced strongly by the amount of time that has elapsed since a patient ingested a toxic substance?
|
Gastric lavage
|
|
Which of the following statements regarding hypotension and shock is MOST correct?
|
Hypotension is a classic sign of shock, but it occurs late
|
|
Which of the following statements regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV) is MOST correct?
|
HPV has been identified as a causative agent in cervical cancer
|
|
An increase in maternal cardiac output can cause a benign systolic flow murmur, which results from?
|
hypertrophy of the heart and dilation across the tricuspid valve
|
|
As multiple myeloma progresses, the patient would MOST likely experience:
|
spontaneous fractures
|
|
External bleeding would be the LEAST difficult to control in a patient with a large laceration to the ___ and a BP of ___ mmHg.
|
Brachial artery, 68/46
|
|
If a patient does not respond to a question within a couple of seconds, he or she:
|
May simply be searching for the answer. Trying to decide if he can trust you.
|
|
If you are at the scene of an incident that potentially involves a weapon of mass destruction and other emergency resources are en route, it is MOST important for you to give the dispatcher information regarding the:
|
optimal route of approach
|
|
Which term describes the turning of an extremity toward the midline?
|
internal rotation
|
|
The inner layer of the heart is known as the?
|
endocardium
|
|
The large area between the lungs is referred to as the?
|
mediastinum
|
|
The appendix is found in which abdominal compartment?
|
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
|
|
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of mitosis?
|
nucleophase
|
|
Which body plane divides the body into the cephalad and caudad parts?
|
transverse
|
|
Your paramedic squad is dispatched to a reported diabetic emergency. Upon arriving at the scene you find a 24-year-old man in what appears to be a progessing case of hypoglycemia that has come on suddenly and appears to be developing rapidly. Which of the following signs do you NOT expect the patient to exhibit?
|
alert & calm demeanor
|
|
How many bones compose the skeletal system of the frame of the body?
|
206
|
|
The full distance that a joint can be moved is called?
|
range of motion
|
|
Which term refers to the back?
|
dorsal
|
|
Which term describes a body that is resting on its back with the face upward?
|
supine
|
|
You contact medical control and receive an order for 5% dextrose is water (D5W). What type of solution is this?
|
hypotonic
|
|
What is the uptake of solid particles through the cell membrane called?
|
phagocytosis
|
|
The position of the human body from which all body position descriptions are derived is called?
|
anatomic position
|
|
_______ are tough white bands of tissue that bind joints together, connecting bone and cartilage?
|
ligaments
|
|
Small, rod-like organelles that function as the metabolic center of the cell are called?
|
mitochondria
|
|
A motor vehicle accident has resulted in a patient with a traumatic head injury. Upon arrival at the hospital you are informed that the patient has an epidural hemorrhage. Where is the bleeding occuring?
|
outer layer of the dura
|
|
Which term means "toward the head"?
|
cephalad
|
|
When placing a patient on a long board for spinal immobilization, what body surface of the patient is in contact with the board?
|
posterior
|
|
You have treated a motorcyclist for a right tibia/fibula fracture. The deformity is below the knee. When making the radio report to the hospital, which of the following terms most correctly describes the location of the injury?
|
distal to the knee
|
|
Maintenance of a relatively stable internal physiologic environment in which the cells live is called?
|
homeostasis
|
|
You respond to a patient who was reported to have been seizing and who is now postictal. No trauma is suspected. You place the patient in the ________ position, which will allow for fluids to drain from the mouth.
|
recovery
|
|
The viscous material that supports all internal cellular structures is called?
|
protoplasm
|
|
Your ambulance is dispatched to a 6-month-old patient who is reported to have been sick for two days with diarrhea and vomiting. After performing the assessment you suspect dehydration. One of the signs you should check is the head, where you would expect to find what landmark sunken?
|
fontanelle
|
|
Organelles that contain RNA and protein that interact with RNA from other parts of the cells to join amino acids together to form proteins are called?
|
ribosomes
|
|
The motion associated with the return of a body part from a flexed position is called?
|
extension
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue?
|
squamous
|
|
What is the shiny connective tissue that is lubricated by synovial fluid?
|
cartilage
|
|
What are the specialized tough cords or bands of dense white connective tissue that are continous with the periosteum?
|
tendon
|
|
Strains can be classified with regard to degree of damage. Whate grade is assigned to a strain with minimal damage and no swelling or bruisng?
|
I
|
|
Sprains can be classified with regard to degree of damage. What grade is assigned to a sprain with complete disruption of the ligament along with severe swelling and bruising?
|
III
|
|
What are cells that produce bone tissue called?
|
osteoblasts
|
|
Bones are classified according to their shape. Which of the following is NOT one of these classificiations?
|
articulated
|
|
The growth plate of a bone is also referred to as the _______ plate.
|
epiphyseal
|
|
A fracture at an angle to the shaft of the bone is called a/an?
|
oblique fracture
|
|
Formation of new bone on the surface of the bone is called ________ bone growth.
|
appositional
|
|
The ______ part of the skeletal system consists, in part, of the skull and spine.
|
appendicular
|
|
The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull known as the?
|
foramen magnum
|
|
The cranial vault is divided into compartments. Which compartment contains the occipital bone and foramen magnum?
|
posterior fossa
|
|
The prominent bony ridge that is the point of attachement from the meninges is the?
|
crista galli
|
|
The pituitary gland resides in a saddle-shaped depression in the middle of the sphenoid bone that is called?
|
sella turcica
|
|
Which bone of the skull is found on the sides of the head?
|
temporal
|
|
The cranial nerve for smell is called?
|
olfactory bulb
|
|
The _______ joint is where the posterior condyle of the mandible articulates.
|
temporomandibular
|
|
The cavity that fills the center of the tooth and contains blood vessels, nerves and specialized connective tissues is called?
|
pulp
|
|
The spine is divided into how many sections?
|
5
|
|
There are how many pairs of floating ribs?
|
2
|
|
The ____ joint of the spinal column is where C1 articulates with the skull
|
atlanto-occipital
|
|
How many pairs of ribs, called true ribs, attach directly to the sternum?
|
7
|
|
The sternum is divided into bodies; which is the top portion?
|
manubrium
|
|
The vertebrae that fuse into a plate-like bone that forms the posterior portion of the pelvis is called the?
|
sacrum
|
|
Which of the following is NOT an immoveable joint?
|
movement between the radius and ulna
|
|
The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint in which the head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa, which is part of the?
|
scapula
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a ligament that holds the acromioclavicular (AC) joint in place?
|
medial border
|
|
A bursa is a fluid-filled sac situated between?
|
tendon and bone
|
|
A group of eight bones compose the wrist; collectively they are called?
|
carpals
|
|
The socket of the ball-and-socket joint that connects the pelvic girdle with the lower extremity is called?
|
acetabulum
|
|
The _____ is an enlargement of the distal end of the fibula and forms the lateral wall of the ankle joint.
|
lateral malleolus
|
|
The ____ bone is inferior and lateral to the talus in the foot.
|
calcaneus
|
|
The medullary cavity contains a substance known as?
|
bone marrow
|
|
Your paramedic squad is dispatched to a reported motor vehicle crash in a rural section of your response area. Upon arrival you find an older-model truck has run into a tree, and the driver, who was not wearing a seat belt, has sustained a head injury. It is unknown how much time elapsed between the crash and the discovery of the crash. Your partner does the rapid trauma assessment and reports Battle signs. Where would this sign be visible?
|
over the mastoid process
|
|
You are dispatched to a local school for a 15-year-old student who was doing a gymnastics routine and fell on her face, striking her face in the floor. She is responding to painful stimuli, and you notice that there is a clear, watery fluid coming from her nose, which you suspect is cerebrospinal fluid. You suspect that there is a fracture of what structure?
|
cribriform plate
|
|
You are assessing a 34-year-old woman who reports that she is suffering from temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome, and she has ringing in her ears. The appropriate medical terminology for this symptom is?
|
tinnitus
|
|
Your paramedic unit is dispatched to a bar fight. Upon arrival, you find the scene has been secured by the police, and you have one patient who was hit in the face. You notice that the patient has considerable bruising under the left eye. You suspect that the floor of the orbit has been fractured. This is a?
|
blowout fracture
|
|
You respond to a call to a nursing home for a 84-year-old woman who had fallen and was suspected of having a possible cervical spine injury. You notice an exaggerated curve in the lumbar region, which you know must be handled appropriately when backboarding and preparing for transport. The medical term for this condition of the lower back is?
|
lordosis
|
|
A call to a shopping mall finds a man whose foot got caught and twisted while he was walking. The man reports a popping sensation with severe pain in the knee. You suspect that he has most likely sustained injury to the?
|
medial meniscus
|
|
A 27-year-old patient with an isolated long bone fracture as the result of a fall starts to develop breathing difficulty and acute chest pain while being transported to the hospital. What do you suspect is the most likely underlying cause?
|
fat emboli traveled to the lung
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle?
|
connective
|
|
Smooth muscle carries out much of the automatic work of the body without conscious control of the brain; thus, smooth muscle is what kind of muscle?
|
involuntary
|
|
Myofilaments have more than one type. Which of the following types is active in muscle contractions and cellular movement?
|
actin myofilaments
|
|
What is the layer of fibrous connective tissue that separates individual muscles called?
|
fascia
|
|
The junction between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber is called the?
|
neuromuscular junction
|
|
What is an electrical change in the cell that occurs when it is activated by a stimuli?
|
action potential
|
|
What chemical does the action potential cause to be released from sacroplasmic reticulum?
|
calcium
|
|
A resting muscle breaks down fatty acids to make?
|
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
|
|
What causes an increase in the muscle membrane's permeability, allowing sodium (Na+) ions to diffuse into the cell via special protein ion channels, producing an electrical charge?
|
acetylcholine
|
|
Iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells that carries oxygen in the body is called?
|
hemoglobin
|
|
Which of the following types of muscle cells are spindle-shaped and have a single nucleus?
|
smooth
|
|
Which of the following makes up layers of the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts?
|
visceral smooth muscle
|
|
Which type of muscle has the property of intrinsic automaticity?
|
cardiac
|
|
Muscles that work together to accomplish a particular movement are called?
|
synergists
|
|
How many muscles attach to the eyeball, allowing it to rotate within the orbin in many directions?
|
6
|
|
Which cranial nerve innervates the chewing muscles?
|
5th
|
|
Which of the following muscles of the posterior thorax does NOT form the first layer of back muscles?
|
sternocleidomastoid
|
|
Which muscle group provides the greatest muscle mass and strength in the back?
|
longissimus
|
|
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
|
phrenic
|
|
Hand, wrist, and finger movements are mediated by extensor and flexor muscles in the forearm. As a rule, the extensor muscles originate on which aspect of the elbow?
|
lateral
|
|
All muscles that cause motion of the hand and fingers are innervated by all the following nerves EXCEPT?
|
axillary
|
|
The perineum is ______ in relationship to the coccygeus and levator ani muscles that form the floor of the pelvis.
|
inferior
|
|
Which of the following is the longest muscle in the body?
|
sartorius
|
|
Anatomically and functionally the leg contains four compartments. The Achilles tendon is located in which compartment?
|
superficial posterior
|
|
You are dispatched to a motor vehicle crash that is at the edge of your jurisdiction and the response time is 15 minutes. While en route you receive an update from a first responder on the scene who provided the following information on one of the patients involved. A 36-year-old man was driving an older model car; he claims to have sustained a whiplash and is feeling dizzy, with blurred vision and pain behind the eyeballs. Based on this information, from which direction was this man's car struck?
|
rear
|
|
You have a patient who has sustained an injury that may have affected the eye. You call medical control to ask about transporting to a hospital that has a specialist to handle this type of injury. You are asked to check extraoccular movements of the eye and report back. Which of the following would you ask the patient to do as part of this examination?
|
look up and to the right
|
|
You respond to a local gym, where you find a 37-year-old woman who was playing squash and hurt her leg while stretching for a shot. She reports she is only able to walk flat-footed, stand on the ball of the foot, and cannot do active flexion. You suspect what type of injury?
|
Achilles tendon rupture
|
|
Your paramedic ambulance is dispatched to an industrial park where an 18-year-old male has his arm inside a piece of heavy machinery. The scene is safe, but will take some time to extricate the patient and transport to the trauma center. You are able to inspect the patient's arm before the extrication is complete, and you notice it is pale and cool, and you cannot detect a pulse. You suspect that this patient has what type of injury?
|
compartment syndrome
|
|
During breathing, the major movement is produced by what type of movement of the diaphragm?
|
contraction
|
|
In smooth muscle, electrochemical signals travel quickly from one cell to another. The numerous conduct areas that interconnect the individual cells are called?
|
gap junctions
|
|
The heart lies in a space between the lungs called the?
|
mediastinum
|
|
The heart muscle is referred to as the?
|
myocardium
|
|
Blood enters the right atrium of the heart from three major sources. Which of the following is NOT one of the blood sources for the right atrium?
|
mitral valve
|
|
The depression between the right & left atrium is called the?
|
fossa ovalis
|
|
Which valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?
|
tricuspid
|
|
The semilunar valves separate the heart from the?
|
aorta and pulmonary artery
|
|
Freshly oxygenated blood is returned to the heart through the?
|
pulmonary veins
|
|
The S2 heart sound is caused by?
|
closure of pulmonic and aortic valves
|
|
A whoosing sound that indicated chaotic blood flow in a major blood vessel is called a?
|
bruit
|
|
The sinoatrial (SA) node is located where in the heart?
|
high in the right atrium
|
|
The ability of cardiac cells to respond to electrical impulses is referred to as the property of?
|
excitability
|
|
The regulation of the heart's rate of contraction is called?
|
chronotropic state
|
|
The _____ sense the pressure in the heart or arteries.
|
baroreceptors
|
|
The ______ effect occurs when certain receptors in the heart are stimulated, resulting in vasoconstriction.
|
alpha
|
|
There are three positively charged ions responsible for initiating and conducting electrical signals in the heart. Which of the following is NOT one of these ions?
|
Magnesium (Mg2+)
|
|
The process energy is _____ with the sodium-potassium pump.
|
expended
|
|
The resting cell normally has a net negative charge with respect to the outside of the cell. What is this state called?
|
polarized state
|
|
In the early phase of repolarization, the cell contains a large concentration of ions such that it cannot be stimulated to depolarize. What is the period called?
|
absolute refractory period
|
|
The QRS complex of an ECG represents depolarization of what part of the heart?
|
ventricles
|
|
The pumping of blood into the systemic and pulmonary circulation during ventricular contraction is known as?
|
systole
|
|
The pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must pump blood is called?
|
afterload
|
|
The percentage of blood returned to the right atrium that is pumped out of the heart during systole is called?
|
ejection fraction
|
|
The smooth, thin, inner lining of the wall of a blood vessel is called?
|
tunica intima
|
|
The circumflex coronary artery is a branch of which coronary artery?
|
left coronary artery
|
|
Which of the following major arteries does NOT arise from the aortic arch?
|
ascending aorta
|
|
The internal carotid arteries, together with vertebral arteries, supply blood to where?
|
brain
|
|
Which artery supplies blood to the pons and the cerebellum?
|
basilar
|
|
What artery is immediately distal to the femoral artery?
|
popliteal
|
|
The external jugular vein and internal jugular vein join where?
|
base of the neck
|
|
What is the longest vein in the body?
|
saphenous
|
|
The human adult (male) body contains approximately how many mL/kg of blood?
|
70
|
|
What is the primary function of white blood cells?
|
fight infection
|
|
You respond to a report of a sick 6-year-old boy. Upon arrival the mother tells you that he has been sick with flu-like symptoms for two days, with vomiting, diarrhea, and poor oral intake. As part of the assessment you obtain a set of vital signs and determine the child is tachycardic. Which of the following might account for this finding?
|
release of epinephrine
|
|
It is a very cold day and you have been called to transport a person who has been attending an outdoor winter festival. Reportedly, the patient's fingers developed spasms. While conducting your examination in the back of the ambulance, you observe that the fingertips are white. You continue with your assessment, take a set of vital signs, and a SAMPLE history, all of which takes about 5-10 minutes. You then focus on the fingers and notice the color is returning and the spasms have subsided. What is the MOST likely reason for this reaction?
|
Raynaud's phenomenon
|
|
You respond to a residence, where you find a 55-year-old male who is having significant trouble breathing; his left leg is swollen, warm and tender. While getting a history you find out that he has just returned from a trip to Asia and has been traveling by plane for the last day and a half. What do you think this patient has developed?
|
pulmonary embolism
|
|
You are on the scene of a patient who appears very ill. You are told that he has "liver disease" and needs to be transported to the hospital. During your assessment, you observe the eyes and the skin are jaundiced. The jaundice is the result of what waste product from the hemoglobin?
|
bilirubin
|
|
You are on a call to a residence where a 43-year-old male patient was working in his woodworking shop. He cut two fingers of his left hand, the ring finger and the little finger. The lacerations are deep and you believe that all arteries in both fingers have been cut. How many arteries would have been lacerated?
|
4
|
|
How is cardiac output of the heart expressed?
|
liters per minute
|
|
You respond to a patient whose chief complaint of intestinal pain that is described as cramping. When taking the SAMPLE history, you determine that she finished her dinner a short time ago. The patient also reports a history of atherosclerosis. You suspect that this patient has a life-threatening condition known as?
|
mesenteric infarct
|
|
An S3 heart sound is?
|
soft and low pitched
|
|
The lateral wall of the nasopharynx contains how many bony ridges (conchae)?
|
3
|
|
Which disease is the result of destruction of alveolar walls?
|
emphysema
|
|
Vestibular folds are also called?
|
false vocal cords
|
|
You and your partner are on the scene of a cardiac arrest and have intubated the patient. As part of the protocol, capnography is being performed. While monitoring the patient your partner tells you that the CO2 reading is elevated. You expect which of the following has occurred?
|
primary repiratory acidosis
|
|
The process of moving air in and out of the lungs is called?
|
ventilation
|
|
What organ controls respiration?
|
brain
|
|
Exhalation is what type of process requiring what type of muscle effort?
|
passive process with no effort
|
|
The alveolocapillary membrane consists of how many layers of cells?
|
1
|
|
A patient with black lung disease and asbestosis may demonstrate a significant decrease in vital capacity, indicating?
|
restrictive lung disease
|
|
The trachea is approximately how many inches long in most adults?
|
4
|
|
The trachea is made up, in part, of?
|
cartilage
|
|
The point of entry for bronchi, vessels, and nerves into each lung is called the?
|
hilum
|
|
Each respiratory bronchiole divides to form?
|
alveolar ducts
|
|
What is the process by which a gas is dissolved in liquid?
|
diffusion
|
|
What is the primary waste product of metabolism?
|
carbon dioxide
|
|
The oropharynx extends from what anatomical landmark to the epiglottis?
|
uvula
|
|
The plural membrane that covers the lungs is the?
|
visceral pleura
|
|
The trachea branches into the right and left mainstem bronchi at the level of the _____ throacic vertebra.
|
fifth
|
|
Where is the respiratory center located?
|
medulla oblongata
|
|
Inspired air contains approximately what percentage of oxygen?
|
21%
|
|
The glottis is formed by the true vocal cords and the?
|
opening between them
|
|
You respond to a report of a 14-year-old female patient who is reported having difficulty breathing. Upon arrival you find that she is having difficulty breathing, and her mother tells you that the girl has asthma. You consider which events occur with an asthma attack in order to develop a plan of treatment. Which of the following would you NOT expect with an asthma attack?
|
decreased secretion of mucous
|
|
The vocal cords are formed by two pairs of?
|
ligaments
|
|
Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the?
|
bronchial veins
|
|
The conchae form a set of bony convolutions called?
|
turbinates
|
|
What helps to maintain laminar airflow?
|
turbinates
|
|
The floor of the nasal cavity is the?
|
hard palate
|
|
The volume of air remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after forceful expiration is called?
|
residual volume
|
|
Which arteries branch off from the thoracic aorta and supply the lung tissues with blood?
|
bronchial arteries
|
|
The dispatcher informs you that you have a call for respiratory distress. While responding, you receive a radio report from a first responder on the scene giving you patient information. The report includes that the patient is a smoker with a history of COPD. Based on the pathophysiology of this disease, which other piece of information is MOST likely to be included in the first responder's radio report?
|
symptoms increased gradually over days
|
|
Respiratory exchange between the lung and blood vessels occur in the alveoli at the?
|
alveolocapillary membrane
|
|
The volume of air inspired during normal inspiration is called?
|
tidal volume
|
|
A device that records the amound and rate of air that is breathed in and out over a period of time is called a?
|
spirometer
|
|
The trachea branches into the right and left mainstem at the?
|
carina
|
|
Increase in the PaCO2 results in decreased pH levels in the respiratory center, which triggers what ventilation response?
|
increase
|
|
The _____ is the middle lobe of the right lung?
|
lingula (THIS IS A THROWOUT QUESTION)
|
|
The nasopharynx and oropharynx connect _____ to form a common cavity called the pharynx.
|
posteriorly
|
|
Each respiratory bronchiole divides to form?
|
alveolar ducts
|
|
What type of immunity develops over the course of one's lifetime and occurs as a result of natural exposure to invaders?
|
acquired immunity
|
|
What is the inflammation of lymph nodes that is caused by infection called?
|
lymphadenitis
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a location where TB might be considered to be prevalent?
|
day care centers
|
|
Lymphatic capillaries are present in all tissues EXCEPT which of the following systems?
|
central nervous system
|
|
What term that is used to describe the spread of cancer to lymph nodes?
|
metastasis
|
|
The lymphatic system is what type of circulatory system?
|
passive
|
|
Of the five classes of antibodies, which makes up 80-85% of the total serum antibody?
|
IgG
|
|
Lymph nodules are NOT found in the loose connective tissues of which system?
|
cardiac
|
|
What are usually the first cells to enter infected tissues?
|
neutrophils
|
|
Bacteria are small, one-cell organisms that are capable of independent existence. They often are classified based on shape. Bacilli are what shape?
|
rod-shaped
|
|
What kind of boundary does diffuse lymphatic tissue share with surrounding tissues?
|
no clear boundry
|
|
T effector cells bind to the foreign cell and cause it to break apart, a process known as?
|
lysis
|
|
A nonspecific response is an immune response that is _____ each time the body is exposed to a particular challenge.
|
predictable
|
|
What is the MOST important component of the immune system?
|
leukocytes
|
|
A response to a given substance that is faster and stronger after subsequent exposures is called a ______ response.
|
specific
|
|
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is spread through what kind of transmission?
|
airborne
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a possible infectious agent?
|
histamine
|
|
What type of cells carry out MOST cell-mediated immune functions, seeking and destroying foreign materials such as viruses?
|
T effector cells
|
|
Which of the following does NOT help continuously wash away foreign matter?
|
synovial fluid
|
|
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adversely affects a protein on the T helper cells called the?
|
CD4 antigen
|
|
The thymus is a triangular gland located where?
|
mediastinum
|
|
Which tonsils are located at the back of the throat?
|
palatine tonsils
|
|
How many sets of lymphatic organs make up the tonsils?
|
3
|
|
Erythroblastosis fetalis is a condition in which a pregnant mother of on Rh blood type is exposed to fetal blood of a different Rh blood type late in pregnancy. What is the combination of Rh that causes erythroblastosis fetalis?
|
mother Rh negative and fetus is Rh postivie
|
|
The thoracic duct empties into the?
|
superior vena cava
|
|
Which type of specific immunity is achieved by actions of T lymphocytes (T cells)?
|
cell-mediated immunity
|
|
Responding to a call of possible allergic reaction in a restaurant, you find a 25-year-old woman who has ingested shellfish. You are informed by a companion that she has an allergy to shellfish and she has left her EpiPen at home. Your assessment shows progressive signs of shock, with hoarseness and progressive hives developing. What medication should be delivered for this medical emergency?
|
adrenaline
|
|
Lymphatic capillaries are present in which of the tissues?
|
axilla
|
|
The lay term for a lymph node is?
|
gland
|
|
Lymph vessels pass through at least how many lymph nodes before entering the bloodstream?
|
1
|
|
Eventually, the lymphatic vessels empty into the?
|
right & left subclavian vein
|
|
What causes malaria?
|
protozoa
|
|
Lymph is a thin plasma-like fluid formed, in part, from which of the following fluids?
|
interstitial fluid
|
|
What causes urinary tract infections?
|
bacteria
|
|
Lymphatic vessels carry fluid in what direction in relation to tissue?
|
away
|
|
How many types of hepatitis are common in the United States?
|
4
|
|
Of the following, which statement is the MOST correct description of how a patient with a depressed immune system can be affected by exposure to infectious disease?
|
minimal exposure may cause severe infection
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a type of leukocyte that may play a role following infection of various areas in the body?
|
erythrocyte
|
|
The spleen consists of two types of lymph tissue. The venous drainage of the spleen is what type of pulp?
|
red
|