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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Question
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Answer
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Nervous System
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System responsible for coordinating all the many activities that are performed both inside and outside of the body.
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Brain, spinal cord, nerves
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What are the three parts of the nervous system
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Central Nervous System
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This system consists of the brain, spinal cord. It controls consiousness and all mental activities, voluntary funtions of the five senses, and voluntary muscle actions.
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Peripheral Nervous System
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system that connects the peripheral parts of the body to the central nervous system; controls sensory and motor nerves.
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Somatic Nervous system
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System that causes recation to external environment
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Autonomic Nervous System
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the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart.
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Sympathetic Division
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division of nerve cells and fibers that prepare for stress by stimulating and speeding up activity
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Parasympathetic Divistion
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division of nerve cells and fibers that balance, restores, and calms
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Brain
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largest and most complex neve in the body; it controls sensation, muscles, glandular activity, and the power to think and feel. Weighs 44-48oz
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Cerebrum
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bulk, front upper part of brain, containing cerebral cortex, which sends messages regarding tought, hearing, sight
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Cerebellum
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base of brain, attached to stem. "Little brain". Controls movement, voluntary muscle action, maintains balance and equilibrium
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Diencephalon
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upper, midbrain.
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Thalamus
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upper diencephalon. Senses, recognizes pain and temperature
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Hyperthalamus
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lower diencephalon. Controls body temp and pituitary gland (growth)
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Brain Stem
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connects spinal cord to brain. Contains midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata. Regulates breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.
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Spinal Cord
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portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain, extends down to the lower extremity of the trunk, and is protected by the spinal column.
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Neuron or Nerve Cell
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primary structual unit of the nervous system; consist of the cell body, nucleus, dendrites, and axons.
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Dendrites
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nerve fibers extending from the nerve cell that recieve impulses from other neurons.
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Axons
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send impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, glands, or muscles.
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Nerves
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whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue, through which impulses are transmitted.
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Sensory or Afferent Nerves
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carry impulses or messeges from the sense organs to the brain, where sensations of touch, cold, heat, sight, hearing, taste, smell, pain, and pressure are experienced.
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Motor or Efferent Nerves
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carry impulses from the brain to the muscles.
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Reflex
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automatic nerve reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse from a sensory receptor along the afferent nerve to the spinal cord, and a responsive impulse along an efferent neuron to a muscle, causing a reaction.
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Fifth Cranial Nerve (trifacial or trigeminal nerve)
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chief sensory nerve of the face, and serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing.
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Ophthalmic Nerve
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branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball, and nasal passage.
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Mandibular Nerve
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branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the muscles and skin of the lower part of the face; also, nerve that affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip.
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Maxillary Nerve
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Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the upper part of the face.
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Auriculotemporal Nerve
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affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull.
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Infraorbital Nerve
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affects the skin of the lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip, and mouth.
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Infratrochlear Nerve
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affects the membrane and skin of the nose.
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Mental Nerve
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affects the skin of the lower lip and chin.
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Nasal Nerve
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affects the point and lower side of the nose.
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Supraorbital Nerve
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affects the skin of the forehead, scalp, eyebrow, and upper eyelid.
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Supratrochlear Nerve
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affects the skin between the eyes and upper side of the nose.
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Zygomatic Nerve
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affects the muscles of the upper part of the cheek.
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Seventh Cranial Nerve
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chief motor nerve of the face, emerging near the lower part of the ear and extends to the muscles of the neck.
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Eleventh Cranial (accessory) Nerve
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spinal branch, affects the muscles of the neck and back.
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Buccal Nerve
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affects the muscles of the mouth.
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Cervical Nerves
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affect the side of the neck and the platysma muscle.
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Posterior Auricular Nerve
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affects the muscles behind the ear at the base of the skull.
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Temporal Nerve
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affects the muscles of the temple, side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid, and upper part of the cheek.
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Zygomatic Nerve
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affects the muscles of the upper part of the cheek.
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Cervical Nerves
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originate at the spinal cord, and their branchs supply the muscles of the scalp at the bck of the head and neck.
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Cervical Cutaneous Nerve
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located at the side of the neck, affects the front and sides of the neck as far down as the breastbone.
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Greater Auricular Nerve
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located at the side of the neck, affects the face, ears, neck, and parotid gland.
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Greater Occipital Nerve
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located in the back of the head, affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head.
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Smaller Occipital Nerve
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located at the base of the skull, affects the scalp and muscles behind the ear.
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Digital Nerve
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sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the fingers.
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Radial Nerve
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sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand.
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Median Nerve
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smaller sensory-motor than the ulnar and radial nerves that, with its branches, supplies the arm and hand.
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Ulnar Nerve
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sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, affects the little finger side of the arm and palm of the hand.
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Circulatory System
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controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels.
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Blood Vascular System
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consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries for the distribution of blood throughout the body.
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Lymphatic/Immune System
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acts as an aid to the blood system and consists of the lymph.lymphatics, lymph nodes, and other structures.
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Lymph
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clear yellowish fluid that circulates in the lymphatics of the body; it carries waste and impurities away from the cells.
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Heart
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the body's pump; it is a muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system.
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Pericardium
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double-layered membranous sac enclosing the heart.
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Right & Left Atrium
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upper, thin-walled chambers.
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Right & Left Ventricles
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lower, thick-walled chambers.
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Valves
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structure betwwn the chambers that allow the blood to flow in only one direction.
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Pulmonary Circulation
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sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified.
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Systemic Circulation
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carries the blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart.
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Arteries
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thick-walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries.
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Capillaries
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minute thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins.
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Veins
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thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries; they contain cup-like valves to prevent backflow and carry impure blood from the various capillaries back to the heart and lungs.
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Blood
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a nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues, and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them.
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Red Blood Cells (red corpusles)
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erythocytes; blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and transport carbon dioxide from the cells back to the lungs.
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Hemoglobin
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a complex iron protein that gives the blood its bright red color.
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White Blood Cells (white corpusles)
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leukocytes; blood cells that perform the function of destroying disease-causing germs.
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Platelets
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thrombocytes; blood cells that contribute to the blood-clotting process.
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Plasma
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fluid part of the blood and lymph that carries food and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells.
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Lymph Nodes
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glandlike bodies in the lymphatic vessels that filter lymph; this helps fight infection.
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Common Carotid Arteries
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arteries that are the main source of blood supply to the head, face, and neck; located on either side of the neck. *Heart to head
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Internal Carotid Artery
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supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear.
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External Carotid Artery
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supplies blood to the anterior parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck, and side of the head.
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Facial Artery or External Maxillary Artery
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supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth, and nose.
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Submental Artery
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supplies blood to the chin and lower lip.
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Inferior Labial Artery
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supplies blood to the lower lip.
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Angular Artery
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supplies blood to the side of the nose.
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Superior Labial Artery
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supplies blood to the upper lip and region of the nose.
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Superficial Temporal Artery
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continuation of the external carotid artery and supplies blood to the muscles of the front, side, and top of the head.
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Frontal Artery
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supplies blood to the forehead and upper eyelids.
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Parietal Artery
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supplies blood to the side and crown of the head.
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Transverse Facial Artery
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supplies blood to the skin and masseter.
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Middle Temporal Artery
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supplies blood to the temples.
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Anterior Auricular Artery
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supplies blood to the front part of the ear.
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Occipital Artery
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supplies blood to the skin and muscles of the scalp and back of the head up to the crown.
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Posterior Auricular Artery
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supplies the scalp, the area behind and above the ear, and the skin behind the ear.
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Supraorbital Artery
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supplies blood to the upper eyelid and forehead.
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Infraorbital Artery
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supplies blood to the muscles of the eye.
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Internal Jugular Vein
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vein located at the side of the neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck. *Head to heart
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External Jugular Vein
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vein located on the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head, face, and neck. *Head to heart
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Ulnar Artery
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with its branches, supply the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand.
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Radial Artery
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with its branches, supply the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand.
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Endocrine System
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group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body.
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Glands
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specialized organs that remove certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds.
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Exocrine Glands (duct glands)
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produce substance that travels through small tube-like ducts; sweat and oil glands.
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Endocrine Glands (ductless glands)
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release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream.
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Pineal Gland
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gland that controls sexual development, sleep and metabolism
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Pituitary Gland
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gland that controls growth, blood pressure, contractions, breast milk, sex organs, thyroid, metabolism, osmolarity regulation
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Thyroid Gland
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gland that controls body burning energy to make proteins
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Parathyroid gland
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gland that regulates blood calcium and phosphorus levels, so that nervous and muscular can function properly
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Pancreas
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gland that handles, digestions, carbs, protein, fat
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Adrenal gland
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gland that controls steriod hormones, control metabolic process, fight or flight
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Ovaries/Testes
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glands that handle sexual reproduction
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Hormones
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stimulate funtional activity or secretion in other parts of the body; insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen.
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Digestive system (gastrointestinal system)
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changes food into nutrients and waste.
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1. Ingestion 2. Peristalsis (moving along tract) 3. Digestion 4. Absorption 5. Defecation
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Stages of digestion
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Digestive Enzymes
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chemicals that change certain kinds of food into a form that can be used by the body.
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Excretory System
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purifies the body by eliminating waste matter.
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Kidneys
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excrete urine.
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Liver
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discharges bile.
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Skin
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eliminates perspiration.
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Large Intestine
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eliminates decomposed and undigested food.
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Lungs
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exhale carbon dioxide.
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Respiratory System
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enables breathing and consists of the lungs and air passages.
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Lungs
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spongy tissues composed of microscopic cells in which inhaled air is exchanged for carbon dioxide during one breathing cycle.
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Diaphragm
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muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing.
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bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fat, fascia are examples of what kind of tissue
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Examples of Connective tissue
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Integumentary System
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made up of the skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat flands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails.
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Reproductive System
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body system responsible for reproducing and perpetuating the human race.
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