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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Gram negative straight rods or coccobacilli with rounded ends |
Enterobacteriaceae |
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Test for Enterobacteriaceae |
Catalase (+), Cytochrome Oxidase(-) alginate liquefraction (-) |
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All members are with motile peritrichous flagella except; |
(SKY) Shigella spp, Klebsiella spp. Yersinia pestis |
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All are no encapsulated except |
Klebsiella, Enterobacter |
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Some organisms may grow in a low temperatures 1-5 C |
Yersinia, Serratia |
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At 37°Celcius it considered Non motile are |
1. Klebsiella 2. Shigella 3. Yersinia |
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It ferments glucose and often gas production aerogenic except: |
Shigella |
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It catalase positive except; |
Shigella dysenteriae |
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All can reduce nitrate to nitrites except: |
1. Erwinia 2. Pantoea |
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It is cytochrome oxidase negative except: |
Plesiomonas |
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New members of Enterobacteriaceae |
Plesiomonas shigelloides |
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K or Capsular antigen Associated organisms |
1. Klebsiella 2. Salmonella |
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It posses V antigen |
1. Salmonella typhi 2. Escherichia coli |
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It is usually found among motile organisms Protein in nature Heat labile |
H or flagellar antigen |
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2 types of enterics Based on clinical infections produce |
1. Intestinal pathogens 2. Opportunistic pathogens |
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Intestinal pathogens that not a normal flora |
1. Salmonella 2. Shigella 3. Yersinia spp |
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They generaly do not initiates disease |
Opportunistic pathogens |
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Opportunistic pathogens associated organisms |
1. Proteus 2. Enterobacter 3. Citrobacter 4. Klebsiella 5. Serratia |
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4 enrichment media that use to produce a number of bacteria |
1. Gram negative broth 2. Selenite broth 3. Tetrathionate broth 4. Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin ( CIN) |
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It is enrichment and selective media for Yersinia |
CIN Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin |
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Desoxycholate and Citrate salt as inhibitory Mannitol as fermentable carbohydrates It enhances the recovery of enteric pathogen from feces specimens (Salmonella &Shigella) |
GN Gram negative broth |
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It is the ability of organisms to produce acid (acid formation) |
Carbohydrate Fermentation Test |
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Use to dispense as slant and butt |
TSI Triple Sugar Iron |
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Acid pH result color |
Yellow |
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Alkaline pH result remain color |
Red |
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Lactose fermenter organisms |
KEE 1. Enterobacter 2. Escherichia 3. Klebsiella |
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Late lactose fermenter organisms |
1. Citrobacter 2. Serratia 3. Salmonella arizonae 4. Shigella sonnei 5. Yersinia enterocolita 6. Hafnia( E.alviae) |
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Non lactose fermenter organisms |
1. Proteus 2. Providencia 3. Morganella 4. Edwasiella 5. All salmonella except S. arizonae 5. All shigella except S.sonnei 6. All Yersinia except Y. enterocolita |
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It contains glucose and lactose as it's fermentable carbohydrates |
KIA Kligler's Iron Agar |
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It is primarily use to differentiate Lactose fermenter |
Imvic test |
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It is base on the ability of organisms to produce indole from tryptophan. It detects tryptophanase |
Indole test |
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Indicator of "indole test" |
KOVAC'S or Ehrlich's reagent (p-dimethylamino benzaldehyde) |
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Indole test positive results If negative result |
Red ring No color change |
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It is based on mix acid fermentation pathway that organisms used glucose fermentation |
Methyl Red test |
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Methyl Red Test indicator |
Methyl red |
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Methyl Red Test positive results |
Distinct red color pH <4.5 |
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Based on butylene glycol pathway that organisms used for glucose fermentation. Detects acetoin or acetylmethylcarbinol |
Vogues Proskauer Test |
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Vogues Proskauer Test positive result |
Pink to red |
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It is based on the ability of organisms to utilize citrate as a sole source of carbon |
Citrate utilization test |
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Citrate Utilization Test positive results |
Blue 🔵 Negative Green 🍏 |
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Citrate utilization test indicator |
Bromthymol blue |
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It is useful in differentiating Salmonella (H2S +) from Shigella (H2S -) |
H2S production |
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Most sensitive for H2S production |
SIM Sulfide Indole motility |
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H2S indicator |
Ferric ammonium citrate |
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H2S positive organisms |
Salmonella Edwarsiella tarda Citrobacter freundii Proteus vulgaris Proteus mirabilis |
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H2S negative color |
No black precipitate formed |
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H2S positive color |
Black precipitate formed |
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It is useful in the identification of motile from non motile , between Klebsiella and Shigella, the only non motile coliforms |
Motility test |
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Motility Agar used for the detection of bacterial motility. |
TTC Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride |
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It is useful in identification of PPM based on the conversion of urea to ammonia through the action of urease. |
Urease Reaction |
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Rapid Urease Producers (RUPo) positive result with 4 hours |
Proteus Providencia Morganella |
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Slow Urease Producers (SUPo) Positive after 4 hours |
1. Klebsiella 2. Enterobacter 3. Yersinia 4. Serratia 5. Citrobacter |
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Urease Reaction broth use |
Christensen's urea Agar or Stuart urea broth |
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Christensen's urea Agar or Stuart urea broth indicator |
Phenol red |
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3 Ureas reaction positive results |
1. Red 2. Pink 3. Magenta |
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Organisms that is Deaminase positive |
1. Proteus 2. Provedencia 3. Morganella |
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It is use for the detection of Proteus, Providencia, Morganella only Deaminase + |
Lysine Tryptophan agar (brown color) phenylalanine Agar (green color) |
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It is use to detect lactose fermenter . It is use to differentiate CITROBACTER(+) from SALMONELLA(-) |
O-Nitrophenyl- Beta-D-Galactopyranoside) (ONPG test) |
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O-Nitrophenyl- Beta-D-Galactopyranoside) (ONPG test) positive result |
Yellow color |
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ONPG positive |
1. Escherichia coli 2. Citrobacter spp 3. Klebsiella spp. 4. Enterobacter spp. 5. Yersinia enterocolita 6. Salmonella arizonae |
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ONPG (-) |
1. Proteus spp. 2. Shigella spp. 3. Salmonella spp 4.Yersinia pestis 5. Provedencia 6.Morganella |
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It detects the ability of organisms to remove the carboxy group from a specific amino acid |
Decarboxylation reaction |
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Culture media(broth) use of Decarboxylation reaction |
Moeller's decarboxylase broth (+) result purple 💜 |
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It detects the deamination and decarboxylation, detect H2S production |
LIA Lysine Iron Agar |
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Organisms that reported as R/A (Red slant/acid butt ) |
Proteus Provedencia Morganella |
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Organisms that reported as K/A (Alkaline slant & acid butt) |
Yersinia pestis Enterobacter cloacae Shigella spp. Citrobacter |
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Organisms that reported as K/K (Alkaline slant/alkaline butt) |
Klebsiella spp E. Coli Serratia spp. Hafnia spp Edwardsiella tarda Enterobacter gergoviae Enterobacter aerogenes |
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Gelatin hydrolysis positive bacteria |
Serratia |
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Positive result in gelatin hydrolysis |
Gelatin liquefaction |
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It use to differentiate salmonella(+) from Shigella (-) |
Malonate utilization |
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Malonate utilization indicator |
Bromothymol blue |
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Malonate utilization positive result, and negative result |
(+) blue (-) green |
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It is a primary marker of fecal contamination. A normal flora of gastrointestinal tract It cause cystitis an infection of urinary bladder |
Escherichia coli |
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It is the #1 cause of UTI infection |
Escherichia coli |
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#2 cause of neonatal meningitis |
Escherichia coli |
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-It is most common cause of Turista) Travelers diarrhea or Montezuma's Revenge -Characterize by profuse water diarrhea ,cholera like -Produced heat labile, and or heat stabile enterotoxin |
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) |
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It causes Shigella like toxin infection -it invades the intestinal epithelium that causes bleeding of the GIT -stool sample: bloody stool |
Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) |
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-It causes infantile diarrhea (in infant) -does no produced toxin -Nosocomial: hospital acquired -Non invasive |
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli (EPIC) 0111;0114 |
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It is most clinically significant (80% death) -there is a production of Verotoxin -Most severe manifestation of HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME with serotype EHEC 0157:H7 |
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) or a Vero Cytotoxic E. coli |
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agar used in the detection of E. coli O157:H7. |
Sorbitol MacConkey |
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All Escherichia coli ferments sorbitol + color |
Pink |
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It is the only non-sorbitol fermenter color is Yellow/brown colonies on SMAC |
Serotype 0157:H7 |
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It produces Shigella toxin instead of Verotoxin |
EHEC serotype 0104:H4 |
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It is characterized by the presence of Azotemia, low blood pressure, shock, low platelets count, and death |
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome |
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The purpose of the test is for the detection of Escherichia coli from water or food samples |
MUG test 4-methyl-umbelli feryl-beta D-glucuronide |
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Positive resulf of MUG test |
Electric blue Fluorescence Yellow in colorimetric assay |
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It is a test use to indentify Enteroinvasive E. coli and Shigella spp. |
Serenity test |
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It resembles Escherichia coli but are lactose negative It causes bacillary dysentery/shigellosis |
Shigella |
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It is also known as Shiga bacillus |
Shigella dysenteriae |
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Also known as strong bacillus |
Shigella flexneri |
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Also known as New Castle Manchester Bacillus |
Shigella boydii |
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Also known as Duval's bacillus |
Shigella sonnei |
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It is previously known as "Bethesda ballerup" It highly resembles Salmonella |
Citrobacter |
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It causes sepsis and human infection |
Citrobacter freundi |
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documented to cause nursery outbreak of neonatal meningitis in the USA |
Citrobacter diversus |
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It is identified as a source of GI infection Biochemically resembles Escherichia coli but NLF and H2S + IMVic reaction (++--) |
Edwardsiella tarda |
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It produces gas(large amount of carbohydrates fermentation test-Aerogenic) -Have the same biochemical characteristics (TRIBE GROUP) |
Klebsiella Enterobacter Serratia Hafnia group (tribe group) |
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It is also known as "Friedlander's bacillus" Homogeneous pink colonies on MAC |
Klebsiella pneumoniae |
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Another presumptive examination for identification of klebsiella pneumoniae |
String Test |
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Reagent use K. pneumoniae |
10% KOH (potassium hydroxide) |
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It is known to cause purulent sinus infection and foul smelling |
Klebsiella ozaenae |
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Known to cause granuloma of nose and face It leads to the malformation of face and neck |
Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis |
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Klebsiella new name |
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis |
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Previously know as Enterobacter alvei Most important characteristic is delayed citrate It has same biochemical characteristics with Serratia |
Hafnia alvei |
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A producer of different enzymes:DNase(+), lipase (+)Gelatinase (+) A slow lactate fermenter |
Serratia |
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It produces red pigment PRODIGIOSIN when incubated at room temperature |
Serratia marcescens |
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Rare agent of human infection |
Serratia liquifaciens |
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Produces a rancid potato like odor |
Serratia odorifera |
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To differentiate Hafnia from Serratia perform |
Enzymatic Testing: Gelatinase, Lipase, & Dnase |
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Hh |
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Suspected if the TSI is yellow over orange due to weak acid production in slant an no change in butt |
Yersinia |
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Also know as Plague bacillus |
Yersinia pestis |
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3 types of antigenic determinants |
1. O it somatic antigen (cell wall antigen) 2. K or capsular/envelope antigen 3. H or flagellar antigen |
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O or somatic antigen what organisms present |
1. Escherichia coli |
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It is known to cause Necrotizing colitis due to powdered milk formula |
Cronobacter sakazakii |
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New name of Enterobacter sakazakii |
Cronobacter sakazakii |