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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Syntax |
The arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses to form a sentence |
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Parallelism/parallel structure |
Occurs when phrases or clauses within a sentence contain the same structure |
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Gerund Form |
Verb + ing
ie knitting, cooking |
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Infinitive Form |
To + verb
ie to knit, to cook |
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Conjunctions |
Vital words that connect words, phrases, thoughts and ideas |
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Coordinating Conjunctions |
Primary class. Placed between words, phrases, clauses and sentences of equal grammatical rank |
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Subordinating Conjunctions |
Secondary class. Connect two unequal parts |
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Phrase |
A group of words that does not contain both a subject and a verb |
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Sentence |
A group of words that make up a grammatical unit |
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Declarative Sentence |
A simple statement that ends with a period |
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Declarative Sentence |
A simple statement that ends with a period |
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Imperative Sentence |
A command or request that ends with a period |
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Declarative Sentence |
A simple statement that ends with a period |
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Imperative Sentence |
A command or request that ends with a period |
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Interrogative |
A question, ends with a question mark |
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Exclamatory |
A statement or command that expresses strong emotion, ends with an exclamation mark |
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Antecedent |
The noun to which a pronoun refers |
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Pronoun Reference |
The idea that the pronoun should refer clearly to one, unmistakable noun |
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Pronoun-antecedent Agreement |
The need for the antecedent and the pronoun to agree in gender, person, and number |
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Subjective Pronouns |
The subject of a sentence. I, you, he/she/it, we, they, and who |
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Objective Pronouns |
The object of the action. Me, you, him/her, us, them, and whom |
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Possessive Pronouns |
Used to denote someone/thing belonging to someone/thing else. My, mine, your, yours, his, hers, its, their, theirs, our, and ours |
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Subject Verb Agreement |
The idea that a subject and its verb must agree in number. ie. plural subject requires plural verb |
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Verb |
The part of speech that describes an action, state of being, or occurence |
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Helping Verbs |
Verbs that assist main verbs in expressing tense, ability, possibility, permission or obligation ie Have, do, can, may, should, must, will |
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Participles |
Formed from verbs and modify a noun, noun phrase, verb or verb phrase ie. the running teenager; He is speaking |
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Present Tense |
Tense used when an action is current or ongoing |
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Past tense |
Tense used when an action or state of being is in the past
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Future Tense |
Tense used when an action will occur in the future, or for a future state of being |
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Present Perfect Tense |
Tense used when an action began in the past but continues into the present |
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Past Perfect Tense |
Tense used when one action was finished before another action took place |
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Future Perfect Tense |
Tense used when an action will be completed at some point in the future |
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Diction |
An author's choice of words |
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Language |
A tool for communication that may be spoken, unspoken, written, or codified in other ways |
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Dialect |
A distinct variety of a language in terms of patterns of grammar, vocabulary, and/or phonology that distinguish it from other forms of that language |
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Phonology |
The sounds used by speakers of a language or dialect |
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Mutually Intelligible |
The idea that dialects are not considered to be separate languages if speakers of each are able to understand each other |
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Pidgin |
The result of speakers of different languages begin utilizing a simplified mixture of elements from the two languages to communicated with each other |
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Creole |
When a pidgin becomes widely used and is taught to children as their native language (ie Hatian Creole) |
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Accent |
A unique speech pattern, particularly in terms of tone or intonation |
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Colloquial Language |
Language that is used conversationally or familiarly, as opposed to formally or academically |
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Vernacular |
The native, everyday language of a place |
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Regionalism |
A word or expression used in a particular region |
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Jargon |
Vocabulary used within a specialized field |
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Slang |
Non-standard expressions that are not used in elevated speech and writing |
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Connotation |
Refers to the implied meaning of a word or phrase |
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Denotation |
The literal definition of a word or phrase |
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Technical Language |
Terminology that is specific to a particular industry and best understood by those specializing in that industry |
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Modifiers |
Words that enhance meaning by clarifying or giving greater detail about another part of a sentence |
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Misplaced Modifier |
A modifier that is not located appropriately in relation to the word or phrase it modifies |
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Dangling Modifier |
A modifier that applies to a word or phrase that is note readily apparent in the sentence |
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Idiom |
A figure of speech; a rhetorical device that is not meant to be taken literally |
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Literally |
Something that is exactly what it says, with no room for interpretation or exaggeration. One of the most incorrectly used words in the English language |
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Active Voice |
A sentence structure in which the subject performs the action of the sentence |