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249 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the study of the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other
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Anatomy
|
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the study of the function of the living body and its parts
|
Physiology
|
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Which position:
patient is lying face up on his back |
supine
|
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Which position:
patient is lying vace down on his stomach |
prone
|
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Which position:
patient is lying on his left (or right) side |
lateral recumbent (recovery) position
|
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Which position:
patient is lying on his back with upper body elevated |
Fowler position
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Which position:
patient is lying on his back with his legs elevated higher than his head |
Trendelenburg position
(shock position) |
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A vertical plane that runs lengthwise and divides the body into right/left segments
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Sagittal plane
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A vertical plane that runs lengthwise and divides the body into front/back halves
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Frontal or Coronal plane
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A horizontal plane that divides the body into upper/lower halves
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Transverse or horizontal plane
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A line drawn vertically from head, through the nose and naval, to the ground between the legs
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Midline
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A line drawn vertically from the middle of the patient's armpit down to the ankle
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Midaxillary line
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A line drawn horizontally through the patient's waist
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Transverse line
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Term meaning toward the front
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Anterior
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Term meaning toward the back
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Posterior
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Term meaning toward the head, or above the point of reference
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Superior
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Term meaning toward the feet, or below the point of reference
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Inferior
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Term meaning toward the back or backbone (spine)
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Dorsal
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Term meaning toward the front or belly (abdomen)
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Ventral
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Term meaning toward the midline or center of the body
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Medial
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Term meaning the left or right of the midline, or away frm the midline of the body
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Lateral
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Term meaning "on both sides"
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Bilateral
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Term meaning "one side"
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Unilateral
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Term referring to the same side
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Ipsalateral
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Term referring to the opposite side
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Contralateral
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A term meaning near the point of reference
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proximal
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A term meaning distant, or far from the point of reference
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distal
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Term referring to the center of each of the collarbones
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misclavicular
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Line extending from the center of either collarbone down the anterior thorax
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Midclavicular line
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term referring to the sole of the foot
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plantar
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term referring to the palm of the hand
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palmar
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What is the "normal anatomical position"
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Standing erect, facing frontward, arms down at the sides, palms forward
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Which quadrant:
liver |
Right Upper Quadrant
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Which quadrant:
Right kidney |
Right Upper Quadrant
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Which quadrant:
Pancreas (small portion) |
Right Upper Quadrant
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Which quadrant:
Gallbladder |
Right Upper Quadrant
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Which quadrant:
Small intestines |
Right Upper
Left Upper Right Lower Left Lower |
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Which quadrant:
Colon |
Right Upper
Left Upper Right Lower Left Lower |
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Which quadrant:
Liver (small portion) |
Left Upper
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Which quadrant:
Spleen |
Left Upper
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Which quadrant:
Left kidney |
Left Upper
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Which quadrant:
Stomach |
Left Upper
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Which quadrant:
Pancreas (majority) |
Left Upper
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Which quadrant:
Right Ureter |
Right Lower
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Which quadrant:
Appendix |
Right Lower
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Which quadrant:
Right ovary |
Right Lower
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Which quadrant:
Right Fallopian Tube |
Right Lower
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Which quadrant:
Left Ureter |
Left Lower
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Which quadrant:
Left Ovary |
Left Lower
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Which quadrant:
Left Fallopian Tube |
Left Lower
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Five Parts of the Spinal Column
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1 - Cervical spine
2 - Thoracic spine 3 - Lumbar spine 4 - Sacral spine 5 - Coccyx |
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The first seven vertebrae
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Cervical spine (C1 - C7)
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The 12 vertebrae directly below the cervical spine - the upper back
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Throacic spine (T1 - T12)
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The five vertebrae that form the lower back
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Lumbar spine (L1 - L5)
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The five vertebrae that form the back wall of the pelvis
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Sacral spine (S1 - S5)
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The last four vertebrae - the tailbone
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Coccyx
|
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A term for the kneecap
|
patella
|
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The two bones of the lower leg
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tibia (shin)
fibula |
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3 components of the thorax or chest
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1 - ribs
2 - sternum 3 - throacic spine |
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the flat, narrow bone in the middle of the anterior chest
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sternum
|
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the superior portion of the sternum, which attaches to the clavicle
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manubrium
|
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the inferior portoin of the sternum
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xiphoid process
|
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a doughnut-shaped structure that consists of several bones, including the sacrum and the coccyx
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pelvis
|
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what is on each side of the pelvis, forming the "wings" of the pelvis
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iliac crest
|
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the anterior and inferior portion of the pelvis
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pubis
|
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the posterior and inferior portion of the pelvis
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ischium
|
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the pelvic socket of the hip joint
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acetabulum
|
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the thighbone
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femur
|
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the knobby surface landmarks of the ankle joint
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malleous
|
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heel bone
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calcaneus
|
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the group of bones that make up the proximal portion of the foot
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tarsals
|
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the bones on each foot that form the toes
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phalanges
|
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shoulder blade
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scapula
|
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the proximal portion of the arm
|
humerus
|
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the eight bones making up the wrists
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carpals
|
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the structural strength of the hand comes from...
|
metacarpals
|
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joint movement that allows bending toward the body or decreasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body
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flexion
|
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joint movement that allows straightening away from the body or increasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body
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extension
|
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joint movement that allows for movement away from the midline
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abduction
|
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joint movement that allows for movement toward the midline
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adduction
|
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joint movement that allows for a combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
|
circumduction
|
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joint movement that allows for turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the back
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pronation
|
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joint movement that allows for turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the front
|
supination
|
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Joint type that permits the widest range of motion - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation - shoulders, hips
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Ball and socket joint
|
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Joint type that permit flexion and extension - elbows, knees, fingers
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Hinged joint
|
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Joint type tha allows for a turning motion - between head and neck, and also in wrist
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Pivot joint
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Joint type where one bone slides across another to the point where surrouding structures restrict the motion - small bones in hands, feet
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Gliding joint
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Joint type that is shaped to permit combinations of limited movements along perpendicular planes - such as ankle
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Saddle joint
|
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Joint type that is a modified ball and socket joint and permits limited motion in two directions -wrist
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Condyloid joint
|
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Muscle that can be contracted and relaxed by will of the individual - makes possible deliberate movement
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Skeletal muscle or
Voluntary muscle |
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Muscles made out of large fibers that carry out the automatic muscular functions through rhythmic, wavelike movements
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Smooth muscle or
involuntary muscle |
|
A special kind of involuntary muscle found only in the walls of the heart
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Cardiac muscle
|
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The ability to generate an impulse on its own, even when disconnected from the central nervous system
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Automaticity
|
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Which type of muscle has automaticity
|
Cardiac muscle
|
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Which quadrant:
Left Ureter |
Left Lower
|
|
Commonly Accepted Abbreviations:
Sx |
symptoms
|
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Which quadrant:
Left Ovary |
Left Lower
|
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Commonly Accepted Abbreviations:
TIA |
transient ischemic attack
|
|
Which quadrant:
Left Fallopian Tube |
Left Lower
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|
Commonly Accepted Abbreviations:
TID |
three times a day
|
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Five Parts of the Spinal Column
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1 - Cervical spine
2 - Thoracic spine 3 - Lumbar spine 4 - Sacral spine 5 - Coccyx |
|
Commonly Accepted Abbreviations:
TKO |
to keep open
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The first seven vertebrae
|
Cervical spine (C1 - C7)
|
|
Commonly Accepted Abbreviations:
Tx |
treatment
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The 12 vertebrae directly below the cervical spine - the upper back
|
Throacic spine (T1 - T12)
|
|
Commonly Accepted Abbreviations:
X |
times
|
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The five vertebrae that form the lower back
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Lumbar spine (L1 - L5)
|
|
Commonly Accepted Abbreviations:
y/o |
years old
|
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The five vertebrae that form the back wall of the pelvis
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Sacral spine (S1 - S5)
|
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What is an information tag attached to a patient during a multiple-casuality incident
|
triage tag
|
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The last four vertebrae - the tailbone
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Coccyx
|
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SOAP mnemonic for documentation
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S - subjective
O - objective A - assessment P - plan |
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A term for the kneecap
|
patella
|
|
CHART mnemonic for documentation
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C - chief complaint
H - history A - assessment R - Rx T - transport |
|
The two bones of the lower leg
|
tibia (shin)
fibula |
|
CHEATED mnemonic for documentation
|
C - chief complaint
H - history E - exam A - assessment T - treatment E - evaluation D - disposition |
|
3 components of the thorax or chest
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1 - ribs
2 - sternum 3 - throacic spine |
|
What is important for accurate timekeeping and reporting?
|
accurate and synchronous clocks
|
|
the flat, narrow bone in the middle of the anterior chest
|
sternum
|
|
device that receives transmissions from a low-powered source and rebroadcasts them to another
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Repeater
|
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the superior portion of the sternum, which attaches to the clavicle
|
manubrium
|
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device that breaks down sound waves into unique digital codes for radio transmission
|
Encoder
|
|
the inferior portoin of the sternum
|
xiphoid process
|
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device that recognizes and responds to certain codes imposed on radio broadcasts
|
Decoder
|
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a doughnut-shaped structure that consists of several bones, including the sacrum and the coccyx
|
pelvis
|
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device mounted in an ambulance cab that receives and displays information on a screen
|
mobile data terminal
|
|
what is on each side of the pelvis, forming the "wings" of the pelvis
|
iliac crest
|
|
a vehicle-based radio which comes in a variety of power ranges
|
mobile transmitter/receiver
|
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the anterior and inferior portion of the pelvis
|
pubis
|
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What are the steps of therapeutic communication
|
Encoding
Receiving Decoding Response |
|
the posterior and inferior portion of the pelvis
|
ischium
|
|
SBAR
|
Situation
Background Assessment Recommendation |
|
the pelvic socket of the hip joint
|
acetabulum
|
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The study of touching
|
haptics
|
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the thighbone
|
femur
|
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Questions that allow the patient to respond in his own words
|
Open-ended questions
|
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the knobby surface landmarks of the ankle joint
|
malleous
|
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Questions that call for specific information from the patient
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Closed-questions
|
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heel bone
|
calcaneus
|
|
Questions that suggest an answer
|
Leading questions
|
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the group of bones that make up the proximal portion of the foot
|
tarsals
|
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abnormal anterior convexity of the spine - swayback
|
lordosis
|
|
the bones on each foot that form the toes
|
phalanges
|
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abnormal curvature of the spine with convexity backward - slouch
|
kyphosis
|
|
shoulder blade
|
scapula
|
|
type of move made when there is immediate danger to the patient or rescuer
|
emergency move
|
|
the proximal portion of the arm
|
humerus
|
|
type of move made when there is an immediate threat to life because of the patient's condition and the patient must be moved quickly for transport
|
urgent move
|
|
the eight bones making up the wrists
|
carpals
|
|
type of move made when no immediate threat to life exists
|
nonurgent move
|
|
the structural strength of the hand comes from...
|
metacarpals
|
|
What type of move:
-Armpit-forearm drag -Shirt Drag -Blanket Drag |
Emergency moves
|
|
joint movement that allows bending toward the body or decreasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body
|
flexion
|
|
What type of move:
-Rapid extrication |
Urgent move
|
|
joint movement that allows straightening away from the body or increasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body
|
extension
|
|
What type of move:
-Direct Ground Lift -Extremity Lift -Direct Carry Method -Draw Sheet Method |
Nonurgent moves
|
|
joint movement that allows for movement away from the midline
|
abduction
|
|
joint movement that allows for movement toward the midline
|
adduction
|
|
joint movement that allows for a combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
|
circumduction
|
|
joint movement that allows for turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the back
|
pronation
|
|
joint movement that allows for turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the front
|
supination
|
|
Joint type that permits the widest range of motion - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation - shoulders, hips
|
Ball and socket joint
|
|
Joint type that permit flexion and extension - elbows, knees, fingers
|
Hinged joint
|
|
Joint type tha allows for a turning motion - between head and neck, and also in wrist
|
Pivot joint
|
|
Joint type where one bone slides across another to the point where surrouding structures restrict the motion - small bones in hands, feet
|
Gliding joint
|
|
Joint type that is shaped to permit combinations of limited movements along perpendicular planes - such as ankle
|
Saddle joint
|
|
Joint type that is a modified ball and socket joint and permits limited motion in two directions -wrist
|
Condyloid joint
|
|
Muscle that can be contracted and relaxed by will of the individual - makes possible deliberate movement
|
Skeletal muscle or
Voluntary muscle |
|
Muscles made out of large fibers that carry out the automatic muscular functions through rhythmic, wavelike movements
|
Smooth muscle or
involuntary muscle |
|
A special kind of involuntary muscle found only in the walls of the heart
|
Cardiac muscle
|
|
The ability to generate an impulse on its own, even when disconnected from the central nervous system
|
Automaticity
|
|
Which type of muscle has automaticity
|
Cardiac muscle
|
|
the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide across membranes, in and out of the alveoli, capillaries and cells
|
Respiration
|
|
the form of respiration in which oxygen molecules moved across a membrane from an area of high oxygen concentration to an area of low oxygen concentration
|
Oxygenation
|
|
the mechanical process by which air is moved in and out of the lungs
|
Ventilation
|
|
4 structures of the upper airway
|
1 - nose and mouth
2 - pharynx 3 - nasopharynx 4 - larynx |
|
4 structures of the lower airway
|
1 - trachea
2 - bronchi 3 - bronchioles 4 - alveoli |
|
a small leaf-like flap that protects the trachea
|
epiglottis
|
|
the distal portion of the trachea branches off into two main tubes called _______
|
bronchi
|
|
when the smooth muscle lining the bronchioles contracts making it more difficult to breath
|
bronchoconstriction
|
|
when the smooth muscle lining the bronchioles relaxes, making it easier to move air through the bronchiole
|
bronchodilation
|
|
the thousands of tiny sacs at the end of the bronchiole which are the site of gas exchange in the lungs
|
alveoli
|
|
a powerful, dome-shaped muscle essentiall to breathing
|
diaphragm
|
|
the upper chambers of the heart which receive blood from the veins
|
atria
|
|
the lower chambers of the heart which pump blood out to the arteries
|
ventricles
|
|
the thin layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the lungs
|
visceral pleura
|
|
the thicker, more elastic tissue that covers the internal chest wall
|
parietal pleura
|
|
which atrium receives oxygen-depleted blood from the veins of the body
|
right atrium
|
|
which atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the pulmonary veins from the lungs
|
left atrium
|
|
which ventricle pumps oxygen-depleted blood to the plumonary arteries so it can be oxygenated in the lungs
|
right ventricle
|
|
which ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood to the aorta, from which blood is gradually delivered to all body cells
|
left ventricle
|
|
the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
|
tricuspid valve
|
|
the valve at the base of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
|
pulmonary valve
|
|
the balve between the left arium and the left ventricle
|
mitral valve, or bicuspid valve
|
|
the valve at the base of the aortic artery in the left ventricle
|
aortic valve
|
|
the route the electrical impulse travels to cause the heart to contract
|
The SA node, the AV node, the bundle of His, and the Purkinje fibers
|
|
the major artery from the heart that supplies all other arteries with blood
|
aorta
|
|
the vessels that supply the heart itself with blood
|
coronary arteries
|
|
the arteries that supply the brain and head with flood
|
carotid arteries
|
|
the major artery of the thigh which supplies the groin and leg with blood
|
femoral ateries
|
|
an artery on the foot
|
dorsalis arteries
|
|
the artery that travels from the calf to the foot
|
posterior tribial arteries
|
|
the major artery of the upper arm
|
brachial arteries
|
|
the major artery of the arm distal to the elbow joint - can be felt proximal to the thumb on the wrist
|
radial arteries
|
|
the artery which originate at the right ventricle of the heart
|
pulmonary arteries
|
|
the vessel that carries blood back to the heart
|
vein
|
|
which vein carries oxygen-depleted blood back to the right atrium, where it begins circulation through the heart and lungs
|
venae cavae
|
|
which veins carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium
|
pulmonary veins
|
|
blood is made up of what 4 parts
|
1 - red blood cells
2 - white blood cells 3 - platelets 4 - plasma |
|
gives blood its color, carrying oxygen to the body cells and carbon-dioxide away from the cells
|
red blood cells
|
|
part of the blood that is part of the body's immune system and help to fight against infection
|
white blood cells
|
|
part of the blood essential to the formation of blood clots, necessary to stop bleeding
|
platelets
|
|
the liquid part of the blood, which carries blood cells and transports nutrients to all tissues
|
plasma
|
|
the force exerted by the blood on the interior walls of the arteries when the left venticle contracts
|
systolic blood pressure
|
|
the force exerted against the walls of the artries when the left ventricle is at rest, or between contractions
|
diastolic blood pressure
|
|
the delivery of oxygen, glucose and other nutrients to the body's cells, and the elimination of carbon dioxide and other wastes
|
perfusion
|
|
insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to the body's cells and inadequate elimation of carbon dioxide and other wastes
|
shock or hypoperfusion
|
|
The _________ ________ consists of the brain and the spinal cord
|
Nervouse System
|
|
the three layers of protective membranes enclosing the brain and the spinal cord
|
meninges
|
|
the outermost portion of the brain
|
cerebrum
|
|
the "small brain" located in posterior and inferior aspect of the cranium
|
cerebellum
|
|
contains the mesencephalon, the pons and the medulla oblongata
|
the brainstem
|
|
the three main subdivisions of the brain
|
cerebrum
cerebellum brainstem |
|
composed of the nerves located outside the spinal cord and brain
|
peripheral nervouse system
|
|
the body system that transports blood to all parts of the body - includes the heart, blood vessels and blood
|
circulatory system or
cardiovascular system |
|
the body system including the brain, spinal cord and nerves that controls the voluntary and involuntary activity of the human body
|
nervous system
|
|
a system of ductless glands that produce hormones that regulate body functions
|
endocrine system
|
|
the gland that regulated memtabolism, forwth and development, and the activity of the nervous sytem
|
thyroid gland
|
|
the glands that produce a hormone necessary for the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the bones
|
parathyroid glands
|
|
the glands that secret epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine, postpone muscle fatigue, increase the storage of sugar, control kidney function and regulate the metabolism of salt and water
|
adrenal glands
|
|
the glands that produce the hormones that govern reproduction and sex characteristics
|
gonads
(ovaries and testes) |
|
the glands that make insulin which allows glucose to enter the cells - located in the pacreas
|
islets of Langerhans
|
|
the gland that is considered to be the "master gland" - regulates growth and the other glands
|
pituitary gland
|
|
what is the integumentary system
|
the skin
|
|
the three layers of the skin
|
1 - epidermis
2 - dermis 3 - subcutaneous layer |
|
the outermost layer of skin
|
epidermis
|
|
the second layer of skin, thick, contains the blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, oil glands, sensory nerves
|
dermis
|
|
the layer of fatty tissue just below the dermis
|
subcutaneous layer
|
|
the four accessory structures of the skin
|
nails
hair sweat glands oil glands |
|
the abdominal cavity contains all major organs of the digestive system except for the _______ and the _______
|
mouth
esophagus |
|
the organ that produces bile and stores sugars
|
liver
|
|
the organ that helps in the filtration of blood
|
spleen
|
|
the organ that is a hollow pouch and acts as a reservoir for bile
|
gall bladder
|
|
what is made up of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum
|
small intestine
|
|
consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra
|
urinary system or
renal system |
|
what filters waste from the bloodstream and helps control fluid balance
|
kidneys
|
|
what carries the wastes from the kidneys to the bladder
|
ureters
|
|
what stores the urine prior to execretion
|
urinary bladder
|
|
what carries urine from the bladder out of the body
|
urethra
|