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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Abdominal cavity extends from
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diaphragm to the pelvis.
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Notes
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Peritoneum
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Membrane that covers the abdominal cavity.
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Notes
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What are the regions of the internal abdomen?
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Peritoneal space
Retroperitoneal space Pelvis |
Notes
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What are the most commonly injured organs during blunt trauma?
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The spleen and liver.
They present with few s/s so you must remember to have a high index of suspicion. |
Notes
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What is the leading cause of unexplained death due to delay in surgical intervention?
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Unrecognized abdominal trauma
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Notes
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Shearing blunt trauma
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Caused by continued movement of internal organs as the body stops.
Shearing occurs at the point where they are attached to the abdominal wall. Organs include: kidney, liver, spleen, and small and large intestines. |
Notes
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Crushing blunt trauma
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The result of external forces at the time of impact.
Solid organs (kidneys, liver, spleen) are placed under intense, rapid pressure between the external forces (ie. dashboard) and the spinal column, ribs and posterior musculature. |
Notes
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Compression blunt trauma
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Results from a direct blow to the abdominal region which deforms the hollow organs causing them to rupture.
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Notes
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List MVC patterns
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Frontal
Lateral Rear Rotational Rollover |
Notes
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List solid organs
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Liver
Kidney Spleen Pancreas Diaphragm |
Notes
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List hollow organs of abdomen
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Small/large intestine
Stomach Bladder |
Notes
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Grey Turner's
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Ecchymosis of the flanks
Can be delay up to hours to days. |
Notes
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Cullen's Sign
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Ecchymosis around the umbilicus.
Can be delayed sign for hours to days. |
Notes
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Types of MOI in pelvic fx
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-Anterior-posterior compression in head-on collisions, causes "open-book" fx.
-Lateral compression in side impacts, less likely to cause an unstable pelvis or life-threatening hemorrhage. -Vertical shears in falls from heights, can cause internal hemmorrhage, fx and bladder rupture. -Saddle injuries from falling on objects, fx that bones just below the male of female genetalia. |
Notes
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Notes on injuries to the liver
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Can release blood and bile into the peritoneal cavity. The blood loss can be massive, causing shock.
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Notes
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Notes on injuries to the kidney
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Releases blood and urea into the retoperitoneal area. Blood loss not as massive due to smaller space
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Notes
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Notes on injuries to the spleen
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Can be secondary to both MVC and sport injury trauma. Blood spills into the peritoneum with associated massive blood loss and onset of shock.
Kehr's sign is referred pain to left shoulder and may be the only sign or symptom following the traumatic event |
Notes
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Notes on injuries to the pancrease
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Very rare, occurs in less than 5% of abdominal injuries as it well protected due to positioning. S/s may take hours to onset.Spillage of enzymes into the peritoneal cavity can cause damage to tissues and abcesses.
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Notes
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Notes on injuries to the diaphragm
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Will present with ventilatory compromise, and are not isolated injuries. Shearing and tearing are the most common MOI
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Notes
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Notes on injuries to the small/lage intestine
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Usually secondary to penetrating trauma or sever blunt trauma. Contents (consisting of fecal matter and bacteria) are spilled into the peritoneal cavity causing peritonitis and sepsis if untreated.
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Notes
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Notes on injuries to the stomach
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Almost always secondary to penetrating trauma unless the stomach is full, then blunt trauma can cause rupture. Contents spillage contains acids that cause tissue damage as well as associated peritonitis and sepsis.
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Notes
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Notes on injuries to the bladder
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Can be secondary to blunt or penetrating trauma. Extent of injury will depend of severity of trauma and distension of bladder. Usually associated with pelvis fx.
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Notes
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Notes on injuries to the abdominal vascular injuries
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Descending aorta is found here and can bleed to the limits of the retroperitoneal space within minutes. Inferior vena cava is also located here and can cause the same level of blood loss over a long time period.
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Notes
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Notes on injuries to the duodenal injuries
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Secondary to high speed deceleration injuries. Contents can spill out, however, onset of symptoms will take some time to present.
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Notes
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retroperitoneal organs
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Aorta, vena cava, kidneys, pancreas, ureterers, and portions of the duodeenum and large intestive.
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24.5
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intraperitoneal organs
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Peritoneum, liver, spleen, stomach, small bowel, colon, gallbadder, and in women the reproductive organs.
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24.5
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pelvic organs
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The rectum, ureters, pelvic vascular plexus, major vascular structures, pelvic skeletal structures, and reproductive organs lie in the pelvis.
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24.5
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know the different statistics of abdominal injuries and the difference between penetrating and blunt trauma
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About 80% of all significant trauma involves the abdomen.
Two thirds involve blunt trauma most during MVA, resulting mortality of about 5%. |
24.7
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mesentery
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A membranous double fold of tissue in the abdomen that attaches various organs to the body wall.
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24,5
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The area around the umbilicus is referred to as the ______________ area.
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periumbilicus
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24.5
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The superior border of the liver can be as high as the patient's ________.
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nipples
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24.10
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Most injuries to the stomach result from _____________________.
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penetrating trauma
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24.11
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Hemoperitoneum is best defined as
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stomach bleeding
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24.14
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