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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
movements of humeroradial & humeroulnar joints
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flexion, extension
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movements of radioulnar joint
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pronation, supination
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ligaments in the elbow
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ulnar collateral, radial collateral, annular
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functions of collateral ligments
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add side to side stability
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function of annular ligament
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surround head of radius
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action of muscles of anterior forearm
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flexors, pronators
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action of muscles of posterior forearm
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extensors, supinators
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Olecranon bursitis history
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falling on the tip of elbow, very painful
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Olecranon bursitis observations
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visible deformity, contained swelling like a water balloon
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Olecranon bursitis palpation
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severe point tenderness, swelling can’t be “milked”
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Olecranon bursitis treatment
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RICE, may need to refer for aspiration
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valgus force
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from lateral side
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varus force
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from medial side
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ulnar collateral ligament sprain history
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valgus force, usually from repetitive motion; can be from hyperextension
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radial collateral ligament sprain history
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varus force; can be from hyperextension
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medial epicondylitis
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golfers elbow, racquetball elbow or pitchers elbow, tendonitis of flexors
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medial epicondylitis history
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repetitive forced flexion of the wrist
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medial epicondylitis observation
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weakness, swelling
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medial epicondylitis palpation
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point tenderness
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lateral epicondylitis
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tennis elbow, tendonitis of extensors
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lateral epicondylitis history
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repetitive wrist extension
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lateral epicondylitis observation
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weakness, swelling
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lateral epicondylitis palpation
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point tenderness
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lateral epicondylitis treatment
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RICE, strap for smaller injury, stretch, strengthen using eccentric contractions
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elbow dislocation history
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hyperextension from fall on extended arm, usually posterior movement of radius and ulna
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elbow dislocation observation
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visible deformity, if ischemic contracture is present, it’s a medical emergency
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volkman’s ischemic contracture
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flexors contract w/ damage to brachial artery, impinge or sever, can be irreversible
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elbow dislocation palpation
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can feel deformity, check for circulation distal to injury
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elbow dislocation treatment
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splint w/o compression, rapid transport to hospital for surgery; 1-2 hour window to avoid irreversible damage
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ulnar nerve compression
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injury to cubital tunnel
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ulnar nerve compression history
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repetitive valgus force, blunt trauma, c/o paresthesia in 4th, 5th & medial 3rd fingers
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median nerve compression
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injury to anterior side
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median nerve compression history
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repetitive flexion damages carpal tunnel, c/o paresthesia in thumb, 1st, 2nd, lateral 3rd
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contusion
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damage to soft tissue caused by compression between bone and a hard surface
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forearm strain MOI
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forceful contraction or overstretch
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forearm strain healing time
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4-6 weeks
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forearm fracture s/s
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swelling, maybe deformity, crepitus
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forearm fracture healing time
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6-8 weeks
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lunate dislocation MOI
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fall on hand
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lunate dislocation s/s
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not always visible, usu. palpable decr. ROM, pain
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lunate dislocation
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most common carpal dislocation
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scaphoid fracture
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most common carpal fracture
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scaphoid fracture history
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fall on outstretched hand w/ radial deviation
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scaphoid fracture s/s
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presents like sprain
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scaphoid fracture palpation
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severe point tenderness
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scaphoid fracture treatment
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cast over elbow to prevent pro/supination
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scaphoid fracture danger
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if not treated, can go arthritic b/c poor vascularity in the area can lead to non-union
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silver fork deformity
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radial fracture with posterior displacement @ wrist
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carpal bones
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4 proximal, 4 distal, 8 total
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boutonniere deformity history
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forceful flexion @PIP rupture central slip of ext tendon
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boutonniere deformity observation
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flex @PIP ext @DIP
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jersey finger history
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damage to flexors @ PIP & DIP , forced extension ruptures flexor tendons
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jersey finger observation
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extension @DIP, can’t flex, usually 4 phalanx
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gamekeeper’s thumb
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also skier’s thumb; sprain of ulnar collateral ligament @1st metacarpal-phalangeal joint
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gamekeeper’s thumb MOI
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forced abduction of thumb maybe w/ some hyperextension
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gamekeeper’s thumb treatment
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3rd degree needs surgery
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scaphoid fracture complication
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if not treated can go arthritic b/c poor vascularity can lead to non-union
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finger sprain
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damage to collateral ligaments
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wrist ganglion
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cyst; can be a herniation, removed only if it’s a problem
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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repetitive injury to flexors that run through carpal tunnel; tendonitis causes impingement of median nerve
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carpal tunnel syndrome s/s
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paresthesia in lateral hand c/o night pain
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carpal tunnel syndrome treatment
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sleep in splint to avoid all night flexion
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boxer’s fracture
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metacarpal fracture, compressive loading mode to longitudinal axis
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mallet finger
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trauma to finger tip, forced flexion so extensor tendon ruptures or avulses @ DIP; DIP stays flexed
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finger dislocations
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usually caused by severe sprain
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finger fracture s/s
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pain
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finger fracture palpation
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crepitus, point tenderness
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finger fracture observation
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swelling, visible deformity
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finger fracture treatment
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splint, RICE, refer out
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finger sprain treatment
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ice in glass of ice water, buddy taping
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subungual hematoma
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bruise under finger or toe nail
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subungual hematoma treatment
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when new, burn hole in nail w/ hot paper clip; let blood out; will usually lose the nail
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osteochondritis dissecans history
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fracture through cartilage into bone leaving fragment in joint capsule
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osteochondritis dissecans s/s
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pain, feels like joint “locks up”, decreased ROM
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osteochondritis dissecans treatment
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detect on x-ray, surgery w/ scope
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