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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
catalogue
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listing of all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library.
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call number
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a number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves.
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periodical database
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a research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of journals or magazines.
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abstract
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a summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author.
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reference work
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a work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers
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general encyclopedia
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a comprehensive reference work that provides information about all branches of human knowledge
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special encyclopedia
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a comprehensive reference work devoted to a specific subject such as religion, art, law, science, music, etc.
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yearbook
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a reference work published annually that contains information about the previous year
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biographical aid
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a reference that provides information about people
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Things to Use at Library
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Librarians, Catalogue, Periodical Databases, Newspapers, Reference Works
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Types of Reference Works
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Encyclopedia, Yearbooks, Quotation Book, Biographical Aids
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Virtual Library
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a search engine that combines Internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data
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Useful Internet Tools
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Search Engine, Virtual Library, Government Resources, Multicultural resources
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sponsoring organization
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an organization that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the Internet.
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Ways to Evaluate Internet Documents
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Authorship, Sponsorship, Recency
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Research Interview
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An interview conducted to gather information for a speech
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Before the Interview
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Define the purpose of the interview, decide whom to interview, arrange the interview, decide whether to record the interview, prepare your questions
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During the Interview
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Dress appropriately and be on time, repeat the purpose of the interview, set up the recorder, keep the interview on track, listen carefully, don't overstay your welcome
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After the Interview
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Review notes ASAP, transcribe your notes
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Tips for Doing Research
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Start early, make a preliminary bibliography, take notes efficiently, Think about your materials as you research
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preliminary bibliography
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a list compiled early in the research process of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic
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How to Take Notes Efficiently
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Take Plenty of notes; record notes in a consistent format; make a separate entry for each note, distinguish among quotations, paraphrases, and your own ideas
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supporting materials
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The material used to support a speaker's idea. The three major kinds of materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.
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Example
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A specific case used to illustrate or to represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like.
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Brief example
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A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.
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Extended example
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A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.
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Hypothetical Example
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An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.
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Tips for Using Examples
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Use examples to clarify your ideas; use examples to reinforce your ideas; use examples to personalize your ideas; make your examples vivid and richly textured; practice delivery to enhance your extended examples
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statistics
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numerical data
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mean
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the average value of a group of numbers
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median
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the middle number in a group of numbers from highest to lowest
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mode
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the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers
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Tips for Using Statistics
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Use them to quantify your ideas; use them sparingly; identify the sources; explain your statistics; round off complicated ones; use visual aids to clarify trends
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testimony
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quotations or paraphrases used to support a point
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expert testimony
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testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields
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peer testimony
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testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic
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direct quotation
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testimony that is presented word for word
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paraphrase
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to restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words.
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quoting out of context
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quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it.
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Tips for Using Testimony
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quote or paraphrase accurately; use testimony from qualified sources; use testimony from unbiased sources; identify the people you quote or paraphrase
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strategic organization
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putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience
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main points
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The major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speeches contain from two to five main points.
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chronological order
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a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern
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spatial order
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A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.
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casual order
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A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship.
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Problem-solution Order
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A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals w/ the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.
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Topical order
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A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.
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Strategic Order of main points
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chronological order; spatial order; casual order; problem-solution order; topical order
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supporting materials
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the materials used to support a speaker's ideas.
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connective
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a word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship b/w them
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transitions
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a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another
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internal preview
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a statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next
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internal summary
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a statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point
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signpost
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a very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas
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How to get attention and Interest in Intro
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Relate the topic to audience; state the importance of topic; startle the audience; arouse the curiosity of audience; question the audience; begin with a question; tell a story
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rhetorical question
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a question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud
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credibility
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the audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic
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goodwill
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the audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind
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preview statement
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a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body
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crescendo ending
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a conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity
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dissolve ending
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A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement.
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preparation outline
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a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, sub points, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of speech.
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visual framework
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The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that show the relationships among the speaker's ideas.
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bibliography
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A list of all the sources used in preparing a speech
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speaking outline
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A brief outline used to job a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech
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delivery cues
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directions in speaking outline to help a speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver key parts of the speech.
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