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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name 9 personal costs of addiction
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-Overdose/death
-IV users can get AIDS, Hepatitis C -Addiction and prostitution -Injuries/ accidents -Suicide and mental health -Heavy drug use comprises health -victimization -Job loss/ homelessness -Incarceration |
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What is the lifetime rate of alcoholism?
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14%
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What is important to note about addiction and the family?
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Heterogeneity: alcoholic families can take many different forms, they are not all alike.
-Which parent? -Genetic v. environmental -Steady v. binge/ episodic drinkers |
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Name three aspects of heterogeneity?
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-Which parent?
-Genetic v. Environmental -Steady v. binge episodic drinkers |
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Name 11 effects of alcoholism and family functioning
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-Sexual dysfunction
-conflict -loss of family rituals -dysfunctional family boundaries -conflicting emotions -divorce -dysfunctional roles -survival roles -addict is the power broker -codependency controversy -enabling behaviors vs. codependency |
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Name 9 personal costs of addiction
|
-Overdose/death
-IV users can get AIDS, Hepatitis C -Addiction and prostitution -Injuries/ accidents -Suicide and mental health -Heavy drug use comprises health -victimization -Job loss/ homelessness -Incarceration |
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What is the lifetime rate of alcoholism?
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14%
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What is important to note about addiction and the family?
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Heterogeneity: alcoholic families can take many different forms, they are not all alike.
-Which parent? -Genetic v. environmental -Steady v. binge/ episodic drinkers |
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Name three aspects of heterogeneity?
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-Which parent?
-Genetic v. Environmental -Steady v. binge episodic drinkers |
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Name 11 effects of alcoholism and family functioning
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-Sexual dysfunction
-conflict -loss of family rituals -dysfunctional family boundaries -conflicting emotions -divorce -dysfunctional roles -survival roles -addict is the power broker -codependency controversy -enabling behaviors vs. codependency |
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, what is meant by conflict?
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over not fulfilling roles, not being able to trust financial problems
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, what is meant by loss of family rituals?
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have been proven important to keep family functioning well
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, what is meant by dysfunctional family boundaries?
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enmeshed (overly involved, no privacy, no boundaries) versus disengaged (don't talk/ communicate, lead separate lives)
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, what is meant by conflicting emotions?
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feeling sorry for them, loving them, hating them
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, name 4 dysfunctional roles?
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-Role dysfunction
-confusion (people don’t know what their role is, who picks up the kids from school?) -Role expansion (also like role reversal) -Role reversal/parentification (child becomes the parent and the parent becomes the child) |
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, what are survival roles?
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develop as ways of coping
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, name 5 survival roles?
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-enabler
-family hero -family mascot -scapegoat -lost child |
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, what is an enabler?
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fuels the fire, giving them money, making excuses for them, buying the drug for them
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, what is the family hero?
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-more likely the children take on these roles
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, what is the family mascot?
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-develop extreme sense of humor, tries to bring levity into the family, trying to take everyone's mind off the issue, trying to light everyone up
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, what is the scape goat?
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the child is blamed for everything, causing guilt for the child
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, what is the lost child?
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-child is so used to being ignored that there is no time to nurture emotional lives, interests, and school work
-Children so used to their needs not being met that there is no time to nurture children, the child will be the easy child, they learn that their needs are not met and so they try to turn their needs off and act like they do not have any needs. -(WORST LONG TERM OUTCOMES) |
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, which survival role has the worst log term outcomes?
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lost child
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, what is meant by the addict is the power broker?
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-Controls everything even though they might seem like the weakest member, but in reality they are the most powerful in the family, they direct everything, other family members have a loss of control
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, what is codependency controversy?
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-You’re dependent on someone else, and they are dependent on you
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When talking about alcoholism and family functioning, what is meant by enabling behaviors vs. codependency?
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-Making excuses
-Covering for the alcoholic -Buying alcohol/ drugs for partner -Cover bad checks/ debt -Loan money repeatedly -Take care of their responsibilities -ENABLING BEHAVIORS ARE NOT HELPFUL |
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Alcohol is the leading cause for what in this country?
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non-specific mental retardation
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Drug use during pregnancy is related to _______, ______, and _______.
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Schizophrenia, depression, ADHD
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When is the greatest risk for drug use during pregnancy?
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first trimester (3rd-4th week of pregnancy)
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What is the safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy?
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NONE
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Name 6 short term problems of addiction on children
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-depression/ anxiety
-ADHD -conduct disorder -low self esteem -poor school performance -insomnia/ nightmares |
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Name 4 long term factors of addiction on children
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-controversial
-representative samples reveal -heterogeneity -moderating factors |
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Under long-term effects of addiction on children, what is controversial?
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o Studies of clinical samples
-People from alcoholic families are severely damaged o Studies of college students -Felt like it wasn’t that big of a deal |
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Under long-term effects of addiction on children, what do representative samples reveal?
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o More social/ Psychological problems
o More likely to marry an addict o 3x more likely to leave an addict |
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Under long-term effects of addiction on children, what is heterogeneity?
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o Highly functioning and severely damaged
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Under long-term effects of addiction on children, what are moderating factors?
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o Closeness to non-alcoholic parent
o Few traumatic incidents in first two years o Other adult support o Non avoidant coping o Daily versus episodic o Low level of additional pathology (violence, anger, mental illness) o Low marital conflict o Length of time o Child’s constitutional factors (how does the child adapt) |
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___% of all people in prison are seriously involved with drugs and/or alcohol
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80
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In correlation versus causation, what is direct correlation?
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drug use causes crime
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In correlation versus causation, what is direct correlation reverse causal order?
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crime causes drug use
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What is correlation versus causation?
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-Direct correlation: drug use causes crime
-Direct correlation reverse causal order: crime causes drug use -Spurious correlation (one is not causing the other; there is some other factor effecting) -Tautological logic -Antecedent causes (a situation that makes it possible for drug use to actually cause crime) |
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In correlation versus causation, what is spurious correlation?
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one is not causing the other; there is some other factor effecting
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In correlation versus causation, what is antecedent causes?
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-a situation that makes it possible for drug use to actually cause crime
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Name 3 crime drug uses and crime mechanisms
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-Pharmacological
-economically compulsive -systematic |
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Drug use causes________.
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violence
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Stimulants promote _____/_____.
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paranoia/ agitation
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________ does not contribute to violence.
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marijuana
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_____ increases violence.
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PCP
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Next to PCP, _____ is the most significant correlate with violence.
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alcohol
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Name two economically compulsive crime mechanisms
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-prostitute to support habit
-steal to support habit |
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Name 2 systematic crime mechanisms
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-danger of illegal drug trade
-systematic crime- organized crime |
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Prices____ because drugs are illegal.
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rise
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_____ is the new Columbia.
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Mexico
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State/ cartel war was initiated in ____.
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2006
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How many murders was the drug cartel responsible for in 2010.
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11,000
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Name 4 types of corruption
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corruption
police corruption political corruption international relations |
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Are drugs and crime related?
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YES
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____ US adults in prison, on probation, or parole.
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1/32
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_____ women in prison are pregnant.
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1/20
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The ____ of women in prison are mothers.
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majority
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Name 8 costs that drugs have on society.
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-US incarcerations more citizens than any other nation
-loss of worker productivity -damage to children -health care costs -economically compulsive crime -financing treatment and prevention -financing law enforcement/ incarceration -political corruption. political instability |
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When looking at the cost of drugs on society and loss of worker productivity, ________ sick days are due to alcoholism alone.
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500 million
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When looking at the cost of drugs on society name 3 damages to children.
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-birth defects
-children in foster care -social/ psychological problems |
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The supply side of drug policy is also known as ____ _____/
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punitive model
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What does the punitive model do?
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-reduce supply
-reduce demand through incarceration/punishment |
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Name 3 exceptions to the punitive model
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-methadone maintenance program
-decriminalization of marijuana in 14 states -legalization on California ballot- November 2010 (FAILED) |
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__% say no to legalization of all drugs
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90
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____% want harsher sentences for drug possession/ sales
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50
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_____% support mandatory drug testing at work
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70
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____% favor and ___% oppose marijuana legalization
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50
46 |
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____% say allow medical use of marijuana
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70
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Federal drug laws prohibit (4 things)
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-possession
-manufacture -distribution -other prohibited activities (drug paraphernalia, money laundering) |
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What is ONDCP?
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Office of National Drug Control Policy
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Who is the drug czar?
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Gil Kerlikowske
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Who was previously the drug czar?
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John Walters
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Who is used for drug enforcement? (7)
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DEA, FBI, Customs, Coast Guard, Border Patrol, State and local police, 32 other agencies with some function
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Name 2 types of street level drug enforcement strategies?
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-undercover work
-community policing |
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What is attorney forfeiture in drug enforcement strategies?
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-lawyer may not possibly get paid if they lose the case and the money used to pay him/her was drug money
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African Americans are __ times more likely to be incarcerated for drug offenses
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10
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The majority of those in prison on drug offenses are _____.
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Minorities
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Majority of those in prison on drug offenses are minorities. Primarily _____ and ________.
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African Americans and Hispanics
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____ of arrests are for possession.
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4/5
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Name 3 ways that mass incarceration adversely affects society.
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-Education and welfare spending down
-War on drugs leads to tuition increases -we arrest so many people for drugs, more than most, we have to pay more for their incarcerations, as the rates have gone up, the state budgets get smaller |
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What are alternatives to the war on drugs? (3)
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-get tougher
-decriminalize marijuana -legalize |
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Name 3 models of treatment
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-Moral
-Disease/Medical -Learning/Free will |
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What is the moral model of treatment?
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-Viewing addiction from a moral perspective, that people are weak, and issue of right and wrong
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What is the disease/medical model for treatment?
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The view of addiction as a disease and to some extent outside the control of the individual, and the appropriate treatment is to relinquish control to medical professionals, brain disorder that needs to be treated medically
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What is the learning/ free will model for treatment?
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-Reflected the most in treatment or recovery, essentially its leaned behavior that can be unlearned, so they can re-socialize themselves and overcome addiction
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What percent of alcoholics recover from addiction?
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45-70%
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What percent of drug addicts recover?
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50%
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Most addicts...
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quit on their own, without intervention or treatment
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Approximately __% of people in treatment quit/recover
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50
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______ is an expected part of recovery
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relapse
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Name 7 reasons people quit?
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-Exchange theory
-Rock bottom -worn down -family and children -break up or serious problem -embarrassing or frightening incident -medical/ health problem |
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Name Levinthal's 5 stages of recovery?
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1. Precontemplation
2. Contemplation 3. Preparation 4. Action 5. Maintenance |
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Name 4 types of treatment
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-Methadone maintenance
-inpatient/therapeutic communities -outpatient drug free programs -alcoholics anonymous |
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What are three types of inpatient treatment?
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Private
Non-Profit Public |
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Who founded AA?
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Bill W. and Br. Bob
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Why did Bill W. and Dr. Bob found AA?
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They realized after a long night of conversation that they didn't need to drink.
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Of the 12 step program, what is the first one?
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We admitted we were powerless over alcohol- that out lives had become unchangeable
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What are 3 recovery necessities?
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-New ways of thinking
-social support -new environment |
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Treatment works better than _______ ______.
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punitive model
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When assessing treatment, arrest rates declined by___%
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74
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When assessing treatment, HIV infections were....
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cut in half
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When assessing treatment, employment.....
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doubles following treatment
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Less than ____% of incarcerated have access to treatment.
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20
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Treatment is cost ______.
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effective
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Drug treatment costs ______ whereas incarceration costs ______.
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$17,000
$40,000 |
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Every dollar spent in treatment we recover/ save ___/
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$4
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Name three approaches to prevention
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-Primary
-Secondary -Tertiary |
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What is Primary Prevention?
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-A type of intervention in which the goal is to forestall the onset of drug use by an individual who has had little or no previous exposure to drugs.
-“nipping the problem in the bud” -Most frequently elementary schools or middle school youths, school based curriculum, or specific educational program. |
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What is secondary prevention?
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- a type of intervention in which the goal is to reduce the extent of drug use in individuals who have already been exposed to drugs to some degree.
-Objective is to limit the extent, teach strategies for responsible use. |
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What is tertiary prevention?
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-A type of intervention in which the goal is to prevent relapse in an individual following recovery in a drug-treatment program.
-Prevention of relapse |
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What is D.A.R.E.?
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Drug Abuse Resistance Education
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How did D.A.R.E. start?
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in 1983 as a partnership between the L.A. school district and the L.A.P.D. ... Collassal failure
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1. In the article, “Cannabis Control: Costs Outweigh the Benefits”, a quote by President Carter is offered. It is;
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Penalties against the use of drug should not be more damaging to an individual than the use of a drug itself; and where they are they should be changed.
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2. In the article, The Case for Legalization”, the quote, “Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign.” Is offered. Who originally said this?
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John Stewart Mill
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3. In the article, “Illegal Drug Use and Public Policy”, the authors discuss price elasticity in great depth. They present the basic model of economics, the downward sloping demand curve. What is the implication of a downward sloping demand curve?
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As prices fall, use rises
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4. This article also discusses “cross-price elasticity”. This means:
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The consumption of a good changes as the prices of other goods vary
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5. In the article “The War against the War on Drugs” the authors discuss whether states are developing drug policies that are compatible with/or at odds with the Federal government’s approach to drug policy (the drug war). They say that the largest experiment of all is that conducted by a state that has modeled their drug policy after a vanguard policy in Arizona. What state is this?
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California
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6. Which of the following describes what this state is doing?
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Diverting some 100,000 first and second time drug offenders from prisons into rehab
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Who was the guest speaker?
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Sergeant Wade Purham
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What was the video called?
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A war on drugs a war on ourselves
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Who and when was DARE put into the "does not work" category?
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2001 Surgeon General
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Name 3 encountered criticisms of dare?
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-politically motivated
-studies are flawed/ biased -need more/ longer D.A.R.E. |
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What was the idea of DARE to do?
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bring police officers into schools to offer drug education
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What was one of the largest public failures?
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DARE
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Name 7 characteristics of DARE.
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• One way dialogue
• Thank for yourself but not right now • Students resent labeling • Evaluating use with abuse • All drugs are equally bad • Gateway theory • Abstinence and zero tolerance |
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What is life skills training?
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-Cognitive component: short-term consequences
-Decision-making component -Stress reduction -Social skills -Self-directed behavior change component |
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What broader social/ cultural change is needed?
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• Merton-goals exceed the means
• Post-modern era: hyper-reality • Passive rather than active society (take pills and drinks to solve our problems) • Explore need for altered consciousness (Weil) (need to achieve/understand why we need an altered state of consciousness • Redefine risk • Connect youth to adult mentors • Counter media influences-public service ads (media promotes substance use and exaggerated goals that we can not attain) |