Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Name 7 examples of encapsulated bacteria?
|
Strep Pneumo
Klebsiella H. influenza (b) Pseudomonas aeruginosa N. meningitidis Salmonella E. coli |
|
|
How can you detect a capsule?
|
Quellung reaction (capsular swelling)
India ink (capsule appears as clear halo) |
|
|
What yeast has a capsule?
|
Cryptococcus neoformans
|
|
|
DOC for anaphylactic shock?
|
Epinephrine
* What is the effect? |
Vasopressor
(α1, α2, β1, β2) * low dose selective for β1 |
|
DOC for cardiogenic shock?
|
Dobutamine
* What receptor? |
β1 (>β2)
|
|
DOC for septic shock?
|
Norepinephrine
* What receptor? |
α1 > β1 (no β2 so less heart effects)
|
|
Distinguish hyperacute organ rejection
|
Type II hypersensitivity
* Time frame? |
Within minutes
|
|
Distinguish acute organ rejection
|
Cell-mediated attack on MHC
* Time frame? |
Weeks to months
|
|
Distinguish chronic organ rejection
|
Antibody-mediated vascular damage
* Time frame? |
Months to years
|
|
Distinguish graft-vs-host
|
Type IV hypersensitivity
|
|
|
What antibiotics are used for narrow spectrum anaerobic coverage?
|
Clindamycin
Metronidazole * What are the anaerobes? |
Bacillus
Clostridium |
|
What portion of the brachial plexus is injured in Erb-Duchene Palsy?
|
Upper trunk (C5, C6)
* What are the symptoms? |
Paralysis of abductors (limbs hang by side)
Paralysis of lateral rotators (medially rotated) Loss of biceps (pronated) |
|
Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in vascular smooth muscle?
|
β1 > α1
* What effects are mediated? |
Vasodilation
(increased cAMP in vascular smooth muscle inhibits MLCK & results in less contractile force = relaxation) |
|
Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in renal vasculature?
|
D1
* What effects are mediated? |
Vasodilation
|
|
Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in the heart?
|
β1
* What effects are mediated? |
↑ HR
↑ Contractility |
|
Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in the pulmonary bronchioles?
|
β2
* What effects are mediated? |
Bronchodilation
|
|
Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in presynaptic neurons?
|
α2
* What effects are mediated? |
Inhibit Ach release
|
|
Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in the pupillary sphincter?
|
α1
* What effects are mediated? |
Mydriasis (dilation)
|
|
Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in kidney JG cells?
|
β1
* What effects are mediated? |
↑ Renin release
|
|
Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in β cells (pancreas)?
|
α2
* What effects are mediated? |
↓ insulin
|
|
Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in α cells (pancreas)?
|
β2
* What effect is mediated? |
↑ glucagon
|
|
Epinephrine & NE exert effects on which receptor in the liver?
|
β2
* What effect is mediated? |
↑ gluconeogenesis
↑ glycogenolysis |
|
HY: elastic skin, joint hypermobility
|
Ehlers-Danos
* Defect? |
Type III collagen
|
|
HY: enlarged, hard left supraclavicular lymph node
|
Virchow's node- gastric cancer
|
|
|
HY: large "bull's eye" rash
|
Lyme disease
|
|
|
HY: strawberry tongue
|
Kawasaki disease
Scarlet fever |
|
|
HY: resting tremor, rigidity
|
Parkinsons
|
|
|
HY: rash on palms & soles
|
"CARS"
Coxsackie A Rickettsia (RMSF) Secondary Syphillis |
|
|
What cytokines are secreted by Th1 cells?
|
IFN-γ
IL-2 |
|
|
What cytokines are secreted by Th2 cells?
|
IL-10
IL-4 IL-5 |
|
|
What are the 3 different G proteins?
|
Gs
Gi Gq * Effects? |
Gs: ↑cAMP, ↑PKA
Gi: ↓cAMP, ↓PKA Gq: ↑PLC, ↑IP3/DAG, ↑Ca2+, ↑PKC |
|
What receptors use Gs?
|
β1
β2 D1 H2 V2 |
|
|
What receptors use Gi?
|
"MAD 2's"
M2 α2 D2 |
|
|
What receptors use Gq?
|
"HAVe 1 M&M"
H1 α1 V1 M1 M3 |
|
|
Drug category ends in -ane?
|
Inhaled anesthetics
|
|
|
Drug category ends in -azine?
|
Anti-emetics
|
|
|
Drug category ends in -tidine?
|
H2 antagonist
|
|
|
Drug category ends in -tropin?
|
Pituitary
|
|
|
Drug category ends in -chol?
|
Cholinergic agonists
|
|
|
Drug category ends in
-bendazole? |
Anti-parasites
|
|
|
Drug category ends in -azepam?
|
Benzos
|
|
|
Drug category ends in -conazole?
|
Anti-fungals
|
|
|
Drug category ends in -triptyline?
|
TCAs
|
|
|
Drug category ends in -zosin?
|
α1 antagonists
|
|
|
Drug category ends in -stigmine?
|
Anti-muscarinic
|
|
|
Drug category ends in -dipine?
|
Dihydropyridine Ca2+ blockers
|
|