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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The exam in the dental practice is compairable to the ___ in Community dental health
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survey
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The diagnosis in the dental practice is compairable to the ___ in Community dental health
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analysis
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The treatment planning in the dental practice is compairable to the ___ in Community dental health
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program planning
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The treatment in the dental practice is compairable to the ___ in Community dental health
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program operation
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The payment in the dental practice is compairable to the ___ in Community dental health
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finance
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The evaluation in the dental practice is compairable to the ___ in Community dental health
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evaluation/appraisal
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international group that focuses on health problems of international status
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World health organization
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6 federal groups concerned about health problems of national population
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department of health and human services
cdc health resources and services administration national institute of health national institute of dental and craniofacial research agency for healthcare research and quality |
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what group published healthy people of 2010 and 2020
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department of health and human services
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four levels of government in public health
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international
federal state local |
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types of samples
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random
stratified systematic judgement convenience |
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each element in the population has an equal chance of appearing; reduces chance of bias
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random
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select every "nth" to participate
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systmatic
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someone who knows the population selects the sample and since they are familiar with the population, they may be bias
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judgement
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selecting an element according to certain subgroups to diminish th echance of sample fluctuation
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stratified
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accomplished by selecting a proportionate number of subjects from each subgroup for the sample
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random stratified
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group is chosen because it happens to be comvienient; it may represent the population and there is an ease for the evaluator
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convienience
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what is being measured or observed
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vairable
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the outcome of interest should chance in response to intervention
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dependent variable
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the intervention what is being manipulated
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independent variable
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a science that describes data for the purpose of making interpretations
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statistics
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concerned with the presentation, organization, and summarization of the data
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descriptive statistics
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allows one to generalize from the sample o a larger group of subjectst
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inferential statistics
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tabulating how often each score occurs
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frequency distribution
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data is presentation in ascending or descending order along with the frequency of each score occuring in the data set
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ungrouped
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frequency of occurrence of scores up to and including any given value in the data set
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cumulative
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grouping vairables into consecutive intervals
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grouped
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the symmetry of the curve
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skew
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when more scores are in the lower range of a skew
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positive skew
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when more score are in the higher range
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negative skew
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scores are equally distributed around the mean; mean, median, mode have all the same value
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normal curve AKA Bell curve
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different ways to define the center or middle of a distribution
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measures of central tendency
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average # of scores; most commonly used
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mean
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divides the distrbutuion into 2 equal parts; half above, half below
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median
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score that occurs the greatest frequency; coresponds to the peak of the curve when plotted out
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mode
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describes how wide the scores are around a central point
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measures of distribution
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difference between the high and the low score; affected by extremely high or low scores
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range
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the square root of the sample variance; most commonly used method of dispersion in oral hygiene research; the larger the # representing the standard deviation, the wider the distribution curve
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standard deviation
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the degree to which a data collection instrument measures the variable it is designed to measure; does the test really measure what it claims to be measureing?
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validity
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the extent to which the method of measurement preforms consistency
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reliability
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consistent preformance by the same investigator when using a data collection instrument
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intraexaminer
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consistent preformance by a different investigator when using a data collection instrument
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interexaminer
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the process of establishing a relationship between a measuring device and the units of measure; helps increase interexaminer reliability
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calibration
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the ability of a test to correctly identify the presence of a disease
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sensitivity
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the ability of a test to correctly identify the absence of a disease
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specifity
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determines the strength of relationship between 2 vairables; shows a possible cause and effect; between -1 and +1; the closer to either -1 or +1 the stronger the correlation
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correlation co-efficient
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direct association between 2 variables; as value of x increases, the value of y increases; and vice versa
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positive correlation
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direct association between 2 variables; as value of x increases, the value of y decreases; and vice versa
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negative correlation
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the more hours you study= the higher your score will be
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positive correlation
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the more fluoride used= less caries
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negative correlation
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a statistical hypothesis test used when compairing the statistical difference between 2 mean scores
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t-test
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used when testing hypothesis; standard of acceptability is p < 0.05-1 out of 20 occurred bby chance, nothing to do with the testing situation
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p value ( probability value)
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involves techniques and agents to forestall onset and reverse progress of disease of arrest the disease process before treatment becomes necessary
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primary services
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examples of primary services
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plaque control
fluoride sugar dicipline |
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involves routine treatment methods to terminate a disease and restore tissues to as normal as possible; intervene or prevent the progression and recurrence of disease
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secondary services
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examples of secondary services
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periodontal debridement
restorations |
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involves using measures necessary to replace lost tissue and rehabilitate patients
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tertiary services
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examples of tertiary services
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prosthedontics
implants dentures |
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an unexpectedly large number of cases of disease in a particular population at a particular time and place
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epidemic
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a disease that occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course
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endemic
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an outbreak of disease over a wide geographical areas such as a continent
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pandemic
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the number of events that occur in a given population in a given period of time
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rate
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the nimber of live births
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natality
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the rate of an illness in a population
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morbidity
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the number of deaths in a population
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mortality
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the number of new cases in a population at risk during a particular period of time; conveys info abour the risk of contracting a disease
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incidence
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the number of new and old cases of a disease in a population in a given period of time; tells how widespread the disease is
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prevalence
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an incidence rate calculated for a particular population for a single disease outbreak
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attack
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describes a epidemic with respect to person, place and time
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descriptive studies
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descriptive studies help determine:
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who, where,and when a disease is occuring
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aimed at testing a hypothesis
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analytical studies
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types of anylitical studies
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retrospective
prospective longitudinal |
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a cohort is classified by exposure to one or more specific risk factors and observed into the future to determine the rate at which disease develops
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prospective study
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a group is observed over a long period of time
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longitudinal study
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seeks to compare those diagnosed with those who do not have the disease for proper exposure to specific risk factors
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retrospective study
(case-control study) |
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a study carried out under controlled situations
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experemental studies
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experemental studies use two groups called:
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control groups
treatment groups |
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experemental studies involve ___ which is the practice in which the researcher remains uninformed and unaware of the indentifies of treatment and control group members through the period of the experiment to prevent bias
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blindness
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the experemental study may be ____ which means that neither the researcher nor the subjects know who is recieving the tx
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double blind
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an expression of clinical observations in numeric value
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indices
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characteristics of an ideal index
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simple
valid reliable clear sensitive quantifiable objective accepted |
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general catagories of indices
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reversible
irreversible simple cumulative |
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measures cumulative conditions that cannot be reversed
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irreversible
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measures conditions that can be reversed or resolved
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reversible
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measures the presence or absence of a condition
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simple
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measures all the evidence of a condition, past and present
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cumulative
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decayed missing filled teeth
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DMFT
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decayed missing filled surfaces
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DMFS
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irreversible and used to measure past and present caries experience of a population with permanent teeth
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DMFT/ DMFS
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decayed, need for extraction, filled teeth
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deft
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irreversible and measures observable caries experience in primary teeth and does not take into account that the teeth may have been exfoliated or extracted due to past caries experience
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deft
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decayed, filled teeth
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dft
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decayed, filled surfaces
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dfs
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irreversible and used to measure observable caries experience in primary teeth
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dft/ dfs
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root caries index
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RCI
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irreversible and attempts to assess the extent of root caries experience within the contex of individuals at risk for the disease; only takes into consideration areas of root exposure
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RCI
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gingival index
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GI
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reversible; based on severity of inflammation and location; can be used to determine prevalence and severity of gingivitis in cohort groups as well as in individual dentitions
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GI
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sulcular bleeding index
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SBI
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reversible; designed to ddetect early symptoms of gingivitis; useful in short-term clinical trials
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SBI
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periodontal disease index/ ramfjord
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PDI
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irreversible; measures the prevalance and severity of periodontal disease; measures both reversible (gingivitis) and irreversible (attachment loss) of periodontal disease
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PDi
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Periodontal disease /russell
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PI
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irreversible; each tooth is scored according to the condition of th esurrounding tissue; does not measure loss of attachment and there is a question of validity
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PI
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periodontal screening and recording
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PSR
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assesses the state of periodontal health in a rapid and effective manner; preliminary screening to determin need for full-mouth periodontal assessment; requires a special probe
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PSR
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the community periodontal index of treatment needs
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CPITN
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established by WHO to determine periodontal tx needs rather than periodontal status; requires a special probe
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CPITN
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simplified oral hygiene index
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OHI-S
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reversible; used to measure oral hygiene status; involves both a debris and calculus index
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OHI-S
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plaque index
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PlI
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reversible; measures difference in thickness of soft deposits at gingival margin; used in conjunction with gingival index
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PlI
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patient hygiene performance
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PHP
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reversible; assesses individual's performance in removing debris after toothbrushing instructions
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PHP
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volpe-manhold index
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VMI
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reversible; used to test agents for plaque control and calculus inhibition; scores supra calculus following prophy
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VMI
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process by which the program planner identifies and measures gaps between what is and what ought to be
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needs assessment
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those whom the program is intended to serve
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target population
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complete exam- includes mouth mirror and explorer, lighting, radiographs, study models, tests a needed
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type I
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limited exam- includes mouth mirror and explorer, lighting, posterior bitewings and selected periapicals
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type II
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inspection- mouth mirror and lighting
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type III
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screening- tongue depressor and lighting
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type IV
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gathering info about the target population
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population profile
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broad based statement of what changes will occur as a result of the program
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goal
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specific statement that describes in a measurable manner, the desired result of the program based on needs of target population; can be considered steps to achieve the program goals
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objective
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stages of learning
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habit
action involvement self intrest awareness unawareness |
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outcome evaluation- after the program; examing the processes or activities of a program after they have taken place; measures imact of program
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summative
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evaluation during the program; examining the processes or activities of the program as they are taking place
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formative
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