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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anterior Pituitary Hormones FLAGTOP
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F ollicle Stimulating Hormone
L uteinizing Hormone A CTH G rowth Hormone T hyroid Stimulating Hormone MSH (melanOcyte stimulating hormone) P rolactin |
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Autonomic Nervous System Fight/Flight Rest/Digest
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Sympathetic: fight or flight
Parasympathetic: rest and digest |
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Causes of Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Maggie May Does Not Smoke
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M utations M igration genetic Drift N on-random mating S election
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Cell Cycle Go Sally Go! Make Children!
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G rowth phase 1 S ynthesis (replication) G rowth phase 2 M itosis C ytokinesis
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Mitosis People Meet And Talk OR PMAT
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P rophase M etaphase A naphase T elophase
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Meiosis PMATx2
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P rophase I M etaphase I A naphase I T elophase I P rophase II M etaphase II A naphase II T elophase II (Note: 4 haploid daughter cells instead of 2 diploid daughter cells)
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Chordate Features Do Not Pinch People
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D orsal, hollow nerve cord N otochord P haryngeal slits P ostanal tail
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Developmental Stages Must Be Good
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M orula B lastula G astrula
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Fat-soluble Vitamins ADEK
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Vitamins A,D,E,K
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Hormones originating from GI tract Garlic Cloves Smell Exquisite
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G astrin C holecystokinin (CCK) S ecretin E nterogastrone (gastric inhibitory peptide)
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Hormones that increase blood glucose STENGG
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S omatotropin (growth hormone) T hyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine) E pinephrine N repinephrine G lucagon G lucocorticoids
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Immunoglobulins MADGE
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IgM IgA IgD IgG IgE
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Kingdoms My Poor Friend Picks Apples
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M onera P rotista F ungi P lants A nimals
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Functions of Complement COL
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C hemotaxis of phagocytes O psonization of pathogens L ysis of pathogens
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Male Reproductive Tract (path of sperm) SEVEN UP
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S eminiferous tubules E pididymis V as deferens E jaculatory duct N othing U rethra P enis
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Ovarian Cycle & Menstrual Cycle FOL(d) M(a)PS
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Ovarian cycle: F ollicular phase O vulatory phase L uteal phase Menstrual cycle: M enstrual flow P roliferative phase S ecretory phase
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Pyrimidines CUT the PY
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C ytosine, U racil, T hiamine are PY rimidines (one-ring structures)
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Purines GAPur
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G uanine and A denine are P urines (two-ring structures)
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Bonds All Tigers Can Growl
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A denine bonds to T hymine C ytosine bonds to G uanine
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Bonds Pure Silver Taxi
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P urines, A and G, bond to pyrimidines, T and C, respectively
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Causes of oxyhemoglobin curve shift to right CADET face Right!
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C arbon dioxide A cid 2,3-DPG E xercise T emperature
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Proteases in the Duodenum Eat Tender Chicken Chunks Elegantly
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E nterokinase T rypsin C hymotrypsin C arboxypeptidase E lastase
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Inductive Reasoning IS GOHH
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I nduction: S pecific G eneral Or O bservation H ypothesis H ypothesis-testing
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Deductive Reasoning D(o)GS
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D eduction: G eneral S pecific
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Sedimentation Rate of SeDimentation
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Rate of SeDimentation is proportional to Size and Density
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Sizes Bowel Movement
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A Bacterium is about 1 Micron (1 mm) A eukaryotic cell is about 10 times larger (10 mm) A virus is about 100 times smaller (0.01 mm) Note: these are very, very rough guides. The ranges of sizes are wide.
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Striated Muscle ZIAH
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Z-line I-band A-band H-zone
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Taxonomy King Phillip Came Over From Great Spain
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K ingdom P hylum C lass O rder F amily G enus S pecies
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Vertebrate Features CEVASACK
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C ephalization E ndoskeleton V ertebrae A xial skeleton S kull A ppendicular skeleton C losed circulatory system K idneys
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White Blood Cells Nobody Likes My Educational Background,e.g. 60, 30, 6, 3, 1
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N eutrophils 60% L ymphocytes 30% M onocytes 6% E osinophils 3% B asophils 1%
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Bonding HONC
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H requires 1 more electron in its outer shell to become stable O requires 2 N requires 3 C requires 4
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Cation The t" in cation looks like a plus sign"
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"Ca+ion"
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Electrochemistry LEO is A GERC (jerk)
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L oss of E lectrons is O xidation, which occurs at the A node G ain of E lectrons is R eduction, which occurs at the C athode
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Electrolysis MIT is nF(enough)
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M oles deposited at an electrode = It/nF
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Gibb's Free Energy Good Honey Tastes Sweet
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DG = DH - TDS
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Gibb's Free Energy Gee! Plus Arty (RT)! Thank you (lnQ)!
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DG = DGí_ + RTlnQ
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Gibb's Free Energy Delicious Grapefruit - Not For Everyone (FE)
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DGí_ = -nFEí_
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Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation HK + AHA or "Hong Kong + American Hospital Association"
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pH = pKa + log10(A-/HA)
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Hydrogen Bonding FON
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When hydrogen is attached to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom - it can form a bond between it and another fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom.
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Nernst Equation We minus Arty (RT) (is) Enough (nF), Thank You (lnQ).
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E = Eí_ - (RT/nF)lnQ
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Quantum Numbers National Library (of) Medicine Sizzles
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n l m s
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l Quantum Numbers Sensual People Do Foreplay
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s, p, d, f Then it follows the alphabet: g, h, i, j, k, etc.
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State Functions VG PHEST (Very Good Festival)
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V olume G ibb's free energy P ressure ent H alpy E (i)nternal energy (S) entropy T emperature
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Addition of Amine to Carbonyl Group SE PI or "SEe PIe"
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S econdary amine - E namine P rimary amine - I mine (Note: tertiary and quaternary amines do not react with the C=0 group.)
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Cis/trans (Geometric) Isomers Z: Zame Zide E: Epposite
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Z for same side E for opposite sides
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Conformations Gauche & Cyclohexane ring
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Gauche conformation: It's "gauche" (inappropriate) for one methyl group to stand too close to another group. Cyclohexane ring: When you have low energy, you sit down in a "CHAIR" to rest. "BOATS" can be tippy, so they are less stable.
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Meso Compounds MeSo compounds
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Compounds have a Mirror of Symmetry
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Meta-Directing Groups on a Benezene Ring Queen Elizabeth Second's Navy Commands, Controls, Communicates
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Q uaternary amino -NR3+ E ster -COOR S ulfonic acid -SO3H N N itro -NO2 C arbonyl -CHO C arboxyl -COOH C yano -CN
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Ortho- and Para- Directing Groups on a Benezene Ring "AHA AHA P"
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A lkyl -R H alogen -X A lkoxyl -OR A mino -NH2, -NHR, -NR2 (not -NR3+) H ydroxyl -OH A mide -NHCOR P henyl -C6H5
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Types of Reactions SEA MOuRNS CANned PEAs
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S ubstitution E lectrophilic - A romatic M ost O ther R eactions - N ucleophilic S ubstitution C arbonyl - A ddition N ucleophilic Pi bonds - E lectrophilic A ddition
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Cranial Nerves On Old Olympus' Towering Top, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops
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I - O lfactory II - O ptic III - O culomotor IV - T rochlear V - T rigeminal VI - A bducens VII - F acial VIII - A uditory (vestibulocochlear) IX - G lossopharyngeal X - V agus XI - A ccessory XII - H ypoglossal
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Type of Cranial Nerve Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Business Makes Money
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I - S ensory II - S ensory III - M otor IV - M otor V - B oth VI - M otor VII - B oth VIII - S ensory IX - B oth X - B oth XI - M otor XII - M otor
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Extraocular muscles innervation by cranial nerves LR6 - SO4 - rest3
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VI - L ateral R ectus IV - S uperior O rbicularis III - rest of the extraocular muscles
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Branches of the facial nerve Ten Zombies Bought My Car
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T emporal Z ygomatic B uccal M asseteric C ervical
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Cranial bones Old People From Texas Eat spiders
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O ccipital P arietal F rontal T emporal E thnoid S phenoid
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Brachial plexus subunits Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beers
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R oots T runks D ivisions C ords B ranches
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Eight Essential Amino Acids PriVaTe TIM HALL
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P henylalanine V aline T hreonine T ryptophan I soleucine M ethionine H istidine A rginine L eucine L ysine
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Hydrophobic Amino Acids Pro GAV PIL
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P roline G lycine A lanine V aline P henylalanine I soleucine L eucine
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Amino Acids with OH-containing side-groups SHOTT
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S erine (OH) T yrosine T hreonine
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Amino Acids with S-containing side-groups SCUM
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(S) C ysteine (U) M ethionine
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Basic Amino Acids HAL
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H istidine A rginine L ysine
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Amino Acids with COOH-containing side-groups Ag
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A spartate G lutamate
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Amino Acids with CONH2-containing side-groups Ag
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A sparagine G lutamine
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Amino Acids with aromatic side-groups HTTP
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H istidine T ryptophan T yrosine P henylalanine
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Glycolysis cycle compounds Goodness Gracious, Father Franklin Did Go By Picking Pumpkins (to) Prepare Pies
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G lucose G lucose-6-P F ructose-6-P F ructose-1,6-diP D ihydroxyacetone-P G lyceraldehyde-P 1,3-B iphosphoglycerate 3-P hosphoglycerate 2-P hosphoglycerate (to) P hosphoenolpyruvate [PEP] P yruvate
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Citric acid cycle compounds Oh Citric Acid Is Of (course) A SiLly STupid Funny Molecule
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O xaloacetate C itrate A conitate I socitrate O xalosuccinate A lpha-ketoglutarate S uccinyL-CoA S uccinaTe F umarate M alate
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Dicarboxylic acids (alpha, omega) from C2-C10 Oh My, Such Good Apple Pie, Sweet As Sugar
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O xalic M alonic S uccinic G lutaric A dipic P imelic S uberic A zelaic S ebacic
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Urea cycle compounds Ordinarily, Careless Crappers, Are Also Frivolous About Urination
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O rnithine C arbamoyl C itrulline A rginosuccinate A spartate F umarate A rginine U rea
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Molar Mass (of a gas) Dirty (dRT) Pee (P)
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dRT/P density x Gas Constant x Temp / pressure
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Specific Heat q = MCaT
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heat = (M ass)(sp. heat)(change in T emp) C - ssss!
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Stop codons U Go Away, U Are Away, U Are Gone!
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UGA, UAA, UAG are stop codons
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Strongest bonds Crazy Glue
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Strongest bonds are between C ytosine and G uanine, that is 3 H-bonds, whereas the A=T only have 2 H-bonds. This is relevant to DNA replication, as the weaker A=T will be the site where RNA primer makes the initial break.
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Pyruvate: products of complete oxidation 4 Naked Fun 3 Coeds + 1 Guy
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Complete oxidation of pyruvate yields: 4 NADH FADH2 3 CO2 1 GTP
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Catabolism steps of branched chain amino acids Truck hit the Ox to Death
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T ransamination Ox idative decarboxylation D ehydrogenation
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Cavernous Sinus Contents O TOM CAT
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O cculomotor Nerve (CN-III) T rochlear Nerve (CN-IV) O pthalmic Nerve (CN-V1) M axillary Nerve (CN-V2) C arotid Artery A budcent Nerve (CN-VI) T rochlear Nerve (CN-IV)
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Superior Oribtal Fissure - Structure Passing through Lazy French Tarts Sit Naked In Anticipation Of Sex
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L acrimal nerve F rontal nerve T rochlear nerve S uperior branch of oculomotor nerve N asociliary nerve I nferior branch of oculomotor nerve A bducent nerve O phthalmic veins S ympathetic nerves
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Spinal cord nerve origins SAME DAVE
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S ensory - A fferent M otor - E fferent D orsal - A fferent V entral - E fferent
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Autonomic nervous system Point and Shoot
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Parasympathetic (Point) = erection Sympathetic (Shoot) = ejaculate, orgasm
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Spinal column sections Cyanide Tastes Like Sweet Candy
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C ervical T horacic L umbar S acrum C occyx
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Four Parasympathetic ganglia in head Cats Prefer Sexy Owners
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C iliary P terygopalatine S ubmandibular O tic ganglion
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Ansa Cervicalis Nerves Ghost Thought Someone Stupid Shot Irene
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G eniohyoid T hyrohyoid S uperior Omohyoid S ternothyroid S ternohyoid I nferior Omohyoid
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Bells Palsy Symptoms BELL's Palsy
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B link reflex abnormal E arache L acrimation L oss of taste S udden onset P alsy of VII nerve muscles
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Brachial Plexus - Posterior Cord STAR
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S ubscapular (upper and lower) T horacodorsal A xillary R adial
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Cervical Plexus GLAST
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G reat Auricular L esser Occipital A ccessory Nerve S upraclavicular T ransverse Cervical
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Horner's Syndrome SPAM
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S unken Eyeballs P tosis A nhydrosis M iosis
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Lumbar Plexus I, I Get Laid On Fridays
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I liohypogastric (L1) I lioinguinal (L1) G enitofemoral (L1,2) L ateral femoral cutaneous (L2,3) O bturator (L2,3,4) F emoral (L2,3,4)
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Scalp Nerve Supply GLASS
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G reat Auricular L esser Occipital A uriculotemporal S upratrochlear S upraorbital
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V3 Innervated Muscles My A$$ Meets The Toilet
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M ylohyoid A nterior Digastric M uscles of Mastication T ensor Veli Palatini T ensor Tympani
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V3 Sensory Branches Buccaneers Are Inferior Linguists
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B uccal A uriculotemporal I nferior Alveolar L ingual
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Foramen Ovale Contents OVALE
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O tic Ganglion V 3 Cranial Nerve (mandibular) A ccessory Meningeal Artery L esser Petrosal Nerve E missary Veins
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Cervical Vertebrae Landmarks Noah Told Marry To Try Cervical Counting
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N ose - C1 T eeth - C 2 M andible - C3 T hyroid Cartilage (upper) - C4 T hyroid Cartilage (lower) - C5 C ricoid Cartilage - C6 & C7
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Areas Outside of Blood Brain Barrier SOAP
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S ubfornical organ O rganum vasculosum of lamina terminalis A rea Postrema P osterior pituitary
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Brachial Plexus - Medial Cord Money Makes Many Men Unhappy
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M edial pectoral nerve M edial branch of median M edial cutaneous nerve of arm M edial cutaneous nerve of forearm U lnar nerve
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CNS/PNS Myelinating Cells COPS
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C entral nervous system myelin cells - O ligodendrocytes P eripheral nervous system myelin cells - S chwann cells
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Muscles of Mastication More Tea Less Milk
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M asseter T emporalis L ateral pterygoid M edial pterygoid
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Nerve Supply of Lumbricals 1 2 me, 3 4 u
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First and second lumbricals - Median nerve Third and fourth lumbricals - Ulnar nerve
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Nuclei of Cerebellum Freaky Guys Endup Dead
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F astigius G lobose E mboliformis D entate
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Anesthesia - 4 stages Anesthesiologists Enjoy S & M
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A nalgesia E xcitement S urgical anesthesia M edullary paralysis
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Auditory pathway Come In My Baritone
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C ochlear nucleus I nferior colliculus M edial geniculate nucleus Brodmann's 41 (cortex)
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CSF circulation Choroid vs. Arachnoid granules
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C horoid C reates CSF A rachnoid granules A bsorb CSF
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Geniculate bodies - medial vs. lateral system MALE
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M edial = A uditory L ateral = E ye
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Hypothalamus - feeding center Stim the LAT get fat
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Stimulating LAT eral increases hunger
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Hypothalamus - satiety center Stim the VEN, get thin
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Stimulating VEN tromedial increases satiety
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Lower vs. upper motor neuron lesion effects STORM, Baby
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In a Lower motor neuron lesion, everything goes Down S trength T one O ther R eflexes M uscle mass B abinski's sign
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Meninges - layers in order PAD
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P iamater A rachnoid D ura
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Olivary nuclei - ear vs. eye roles Superior Olivary
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Superior Olivary nucleus - SO und localization Inferior olivary nucleus is therefore the one for sight (tactile, proprioception also)
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Ventricle aperatures Magendie vs. Luschka
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M agendie foramen is the M edial aperture L uschka foramen is the L ateral aperture
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Layers of epidermis Can Lazy Greg Swim Backwards?
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stratum C orneum stratum L ucidum stratum G ranulosum stratum S pinosum stratum B asale
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Hypermobility of joints MODE
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M arfan's syndrome O steogenesis imperfecta D owns syndrome E hlers Danlos syndrome
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Osteogenesis imperfecta symptoms C BAD GF
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C ollage production impaired B lue sclera A bnormal dentin D eafness G enetic disorder F ragile bone (fracture)
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Treacher Collin's syndrome EACH BF COME AAA
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E ar malformation A nti-mongoloid palpebral fissure C olobomas H ypoplastic mandible, malar bone, air sinus B ird face F ish face C left palate O pen bite M acrostomia E ctopic eruption A plasia of TMJ A bnormal hair growth A utosomal dominant
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Cleft palate syndrome MECCA GOLD POSTMEN
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M edian cleft face syndrome E dward's syndrome C leidocranial dysplasia C rouzan syndrome A lpert's syndrome G oldenhar syndrome O ral facial digital syndrome L arsan syndrome D owns syndrome P ierre Robin syndrome O topalatodigital syndrome S chenthaner-Marie-Sainton syndrome T reacher Collin's syndrome M arfan's syndrome E lashy-Water's syndrome N agar syndrome
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Local causes of failure of eruption of permanent teeth DORSAL
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D isplacement in dentigerous cyst O vercrowding R etention of a deciduous predecessor S upernumerary and supplemental teeth A bnormal position of crypt L oss of space
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Eruption times of permanent dentition Mama Is In Pain, Papa Can Make Medicine
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first M olar - 6 years first I ncisor - 7 years second I ncisor - 8 years first P remolar - 9 years second P remolar - 10 years C anine - 11 years second M olar - 12 years third M olar - 18 to 25 years
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Dry mouth causes DRI
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D rugs / D ehydration R enal failure / R adiotherapy I mmunological (Sogren' syndrome) / I ntense emotions
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1st and 2nd Heart Sounds: "Try My Apple Pie" |
S1: Tricuspid and Mitral valves close
S2: Aortic and Pulmonary valves close |