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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the three main types of neurons?
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Sensory
Interneuron (association neuron) Motor |
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Which neuron first responds to external stimuli?
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Sensory Neuron.
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Which neuron carries an impulse to a muscle or gland?
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Motor Neuron.
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What part of a neuron carries impulses toward the cell boy?
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The dendrite.
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The membrane that enables PNS neurons to regrow is known as the
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Neurilemma.
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Schwann cells grow around axons to create a structure known as the
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Myelin Sheath.
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The type of impulse conduction along a myelinated axon is known as
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Saltatory conduction.
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The specific structures along an axon that increase the speed of an impulse are known as
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Nodes of Ranvier
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A common disease associated with the loss of myelin around brain and spinal neurons is
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Multiple sclerosis.
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The structure that protects the axon or dendrites of a neuron and prevents the loss of electrical flow is
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the Myelin Sheath.
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At rest, which ion is found in greatest concentration on the outside of a neuron?
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Sodium or Na+
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What is the specific internal charge of a resting neuron?
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- 70 mV
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A rapid reversal of charge moving through an axon is known as an ...
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Action Potencial or a nervous impulse.
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The consideration of all the neurotransmitters present in the synapse is known as ...
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Summation or the summation effect .
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Why is a reflex faster than a person's reaction time?
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A reflex does not involve comprehension or the brain.
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Give two ways acetylcholine is removed from the synapse after an action potential is started on the postsynaptic membrane.
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1) Reabsorbed by the presynaptic membrane.
2) Broken down by cholinesterase. |
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What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the Liver?
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It causes the Liver to secrete glucose into the blood.
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Which ion must leave the axon during repolarization?
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Potassium or K+
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List the order of cells or steps involved in a reflex arc.
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Stimulus -> Sensory Neuron -> Interneuron -> Motor Neuron -> Effector (muslce)
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A neurotransmitter commonly used in the PNS to continue an impulse across a synapse would be
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Acetylcholine.
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Give two ways Calcium is important to our health.
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Helps maintain bone strength and allows the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse.
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Our mood, sense of well being and our ability to feel connected to others is strongly influenced by this neurotransmitter.
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Seritonin.
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What carries an impulse across the space (synapse) between neurons?
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A neurotransmitter (ex acetylcholine)
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The length of time a neruon takes to recover from an impulse and be able to send another impulse is known as the
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refractory period.
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When sodium is pumped out of the neuron to setup it's resting potencial, what ion is left behind and inside the cell that encourages a negative internal charge?
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Chloride ion.
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The minimum amount of stimulus a neuron must receive in order to start an action potential is known as the
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Threshold stimuli.
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Once an action potential is started it will continue down the entire length of the axon without additional stimuli. This property of action potentials is known as
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Self-propagating.
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Neurons will either conduct a full impulse or not conduct any impulse. This property of neurons is referred to as the
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All-or-None theory.
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Our brains can sense degrees of stimuli from the environment, despite the "all-or-none" nature of impulse transmission. Give two explanations for this
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Different neurons in the area may have different threshold levels.
The frequency of response may change for a specific neuron. |
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Dopamine is associated with this pathway
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Reward or Pain pathway.
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A neurological disease that is characterized by a lack of dopamine in the brain is
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Parkinson's Disease.
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The sympathetic nervous system helps the body
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prepare for stress, or generate the "fight or flight" response.
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The para-sympathetic nervous system helps the body
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calm down or recover from the "fight or flight" response.
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Node of Ranvier
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Number 4 on the diagram is known as a
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Preventing electrical loss or short circuit of impulses.
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Number 5 on the diagram shown helps the neuron by
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Dendrites.
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Number 1 on the diagram refers to the neuron's
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sensory neuron.
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Neuron "A" would be an example of a
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motor neuron.
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Neuron "B" would be an example of a
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interneuron or association neuron.
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Neuron "C" would be an example of a
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To provide energy. Sturcture "9" is a mitochondria.
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Why is it important to have structure "9" in an axon terminal?
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synaptic vessicle. It contains neurotransmitters.
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Structure "10" is known as a
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acetylcholine
dopamine serotonin GABA |
Molecule "11" could be many different substances. Some common examples would include:
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Sodium or Na+
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If substance "11" is acetyocholine, it's presence in the synapse at significant levels will trigger an in rush of this ion.
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interneuron or association neuron.
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If the presynaptic neuron shown is a sensory neruon, then the postsynaptic neuron must be an
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an interneuron.
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The neuron labled "c" must be
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reflex arc.
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This diagram represents a simple neuron pathway known as a
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acetylcholine. Or a neurotransmitter.
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The substance that would carry an impulse between neuron "b" and neuron "c" would be
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Schwann cell.
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The support or glial cell labeled "e" is known as a
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an end plate, or synaptic knob, or an axon terminal.
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The structure labeled "g" would be
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2 (depolarization)
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Sodium ions are rushing in at the area labeled
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3 (potassium ions are rushing out)
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repolarization is labeled
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