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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Computer |
An electronic device that stores and processes data. It can be peogrammed to carry out a series of arithmetic or logical operations. |
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CPU |
The brain of the computer. It retrieves instructions from the memory and executes them. It is measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz). |
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MHz to GHz |
1 MHz = 1 million pulses per second 1 GHz = 1000 MHz |
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Multicore |
Inside the CPU, an independent processing unit that is capable of reading and executing program instruction. It can execute multiple in parallel to increase processing power. |
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Time sharing |
When multiple programs go through a switch from the memory to ensure all get used. |
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Swapping |
When programs are kicked out of the memory and put back into the external drive until it needs to be used. It is switched to another program, enabling it to run. |
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Memory |
A fast storage space that stores data and program instructions for the CPU to execute. |
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Byte conversions |
1 kilobyte (KB) = 1 024 bytes 1 megabyte (MB) = 1 024 KB 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1 024 MB 1 terabyte (TB) = 1 024 GB |
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Encoding scheme |
Stores information in memory in a series of numerical values, text characters, special symbols, and instruction codes. The computer automatically encodes and decodes data based on the encoding scheme. |
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Storage devices |
Permanently stores data and moves it to memory when the computer uses the data. |
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Byte |
Composed of 8 bits and the smallest storage units for memory. |
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Bit translations |
1 kilobyte (KB) = 1 024 bytes 1 megabyte (MB) = 1 024 KB 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1 024 MB 1 terabyte (TB) = 1 024 GB |
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Encoding scheme |
Stores information in numerical values, text characters, special symbols, and instruction codes. The computer automatically encodes and decodes data based on the ending scheme. |
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Monitor |
Displays information. The quality of the display is determined by resolution and dot pitch. |
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Resolution |
Specifies the number of rows and columns of pixels of a display. |
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Pixels |
Tiny dots that form an image on the screen. |
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Dot pitch |
The distance between pixels. |
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Programs |
Instructions to perform a task to be executed by the computer. |
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Programming |
Planning the performance of a task/event. |
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Programming languages levels |
Machine language: written in numbers (0110101) Assembly: uses symbols to replace numbers (R1, R2, R3 -> 0100101) High-level language: more "English like", uses our expressions and symbols. |
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Assembler |
Used to convert assembly language programs into machine code. |
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Source program |
A program written in a high-level language. |
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Compiler |
Used to translate the source program into a machine langusge program called object code. |
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Linker |
Translates the object code into executable files; makes floating code into fixed code. |
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Floating code |
Object code that can be put into any space. |
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Object code |
An intermediate code that cannot run in the CPU. |
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Operating System |
A program that manafes and controls a computer's activities. Application programs can often not run without an OS. |
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IDE |
A software that provides an integrated development environment for rapidly developing C++ programs. |
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Three types of errors |
1. Syntax error: recognized during compilation (punctuation, capitalization, typos). 2. Runtime error: error that occurs while the program is running (dividing by zero, variable with no value). 3. Logic error: a mistake in the program's source code that causes the output to be incorrect. |
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Identifiers |
Names that identify elements such as variables and functions. Ex. _firstname, f1 |
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int |
Defines a variable as an integer variable with no decimals. |
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char |
Defines something as a letter, 'a'. |
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double |
Can declare either int or char. |
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float |
Defines a number with decimal values. |
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const |
Defines a variable that can not be redefined. Ex. const PI = 3.14159; |
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Literal |
A constant value that appears directly in the program. Ex. Binary, octal, hex decimal. |
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Binary counting |
Imagine you have one finger. Start the number with 4 zeros and move your '1' to the left from the right side and fill in. Ex. 0000 = 0 0001 = 1 0010 = 2 0011 = 3 |
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+ |
Adds |
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- |
Subtracrs |
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* |
Multiplies |
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/ |
Divides |
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% |
Finds the remainder when dicided. |
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System implicit datatype conversion |
When you convert one type of variable into another type if variable. |
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Operanda |
When you divide a variable by a variable. |
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Overflow |
When a value assigned to a variable is too ling to be stored. (Ex. defining a "short" variable on a number greatee than 32768). |
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+= |
Add a number to the variable and redefines the variable. |
a = a + 8 |
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-= |
Subtracts from the variable and redefines the variable. |
a = a - 8 |
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*= |
Multiples the variable and redefines the variable. |
a = a * 8 |
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/= |
Divided the variable by a number and redefines the variable. |
a = a / 8 |
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%= |
Remainders the variable and redefines. |
a = a % 8 |
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++var |
Increases the variable by 1 and then evaluates the variable. |
a = 8 ++a = 9 |
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var++ |
Evaluates the variable and then increase by 1. |
a = 8; ++a // 8 a // 9 |
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--var |
Decreases variable by 1 and then evaluates. |
a = 8 --a // 7 |
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var-- |
Evaluates and then decreases by 1. |
a = 8 a-- // 8 a // 7 |
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Explicit casting |
When a variable's type is redefined. |
float i = 3.0; int i = static_cast<int>(3); |
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Software development process |
1. Requirement specification: what do they want? 2. System analysis: talk about what can be done. 3. System design: designing system components; process is input, process, output (IPO).. 4. Implemtation: translating design into programs. 5. Testing: working out bugs. 6. Deployment: launching it. 7. Maintenance: release patches |
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Bus |
Connects the parts of a computer. |
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