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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is crude oil?
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A mixture of hydrocarbons
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How do you separate hydrocarbons?
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Fractional distillation
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What is a hydrocarbon?
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A compound made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only
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How does fractional distillation work?
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The hydrocarbons with a low boiling point rise to the top before condensing whereas those with a high boiling point fall to the bottom
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Name the six main fractions obtained and their uses;
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Refinery gases-domestic heating and cooking
Gasoline - petrol, car fuel Kerosene- Paraffin, airplane fuel Diesel- Gas oil, lorry fuel Fuel oil- Ship fuel Bitumen- Road surfacing |
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Equation for complete combustion of hydrocarbons in excess oxygen
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hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
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Why is carbon monoxide bad?
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It is poisonous and binds preferentially with rbcs preventing the cells from carrying oxygen.
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Give the two possible equations for incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons using CH4 as hydrocarbon
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CH4 + 1.5O2 -> CO +2H2O
CH4 + O2 -> C + 2H20 |
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What else in hydrocarbons contributese to pollution?
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Because fossil fuels contain nitrogen and sulphur compounds from proteins of once living things, these can react with oxygen to produce their oxides which contributes to acid rain
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What is the process whereby long chain hydrocarbons are made into smaller, more useful hydrocarbons
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catalytic cracking
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What does cracking usually produce?
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One alkane and one alkene
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Name a possible catalyst for cracking
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porous pot
aluminium oxide |
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What temperature and what catalyst is used for industrial cracking
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600-700 degrees
silica or alumina |
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What is cracking?
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the thermal decomposition of a hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst
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The higher the boiling point of the fractions, the .......... the viscosity
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higher viscosity
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