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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The criminal justice system consists of 3 major agencies:
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i) The Police
ii) The Courts iii) The Correctional System |
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Various types of discrimination have been identified, and each have the potential to influence fairness in different ways in our criminal justice system: (4)
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i) Systemic Discrimination
ii) Institutionalized Discrimination iii) Contextual Discrimination iv) Individual Discrimination |
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Substantive justice is primarily concerned with:
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- the truthfulness of the allegation,
- the accuracy of the verdict, - the appropriateness of the sentence. |
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Each province is responsible for developing its own _______ and _______ policing services.
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municipal, provincial
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All provincial/territorial courts system have 3 levels:
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i) Lower courts
ii) Superior courts iii) Appeal court |
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The _________ courts are the first courts most Canadians encounter when charged with a criminal offence.
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provincial
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Provincial and territorial governments are responsible for any individual serving a term of incarceration under ___ _____ and all for non-custodial sentences.
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two years
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Majority of individuals in the correctional population are serving all or part of their sentence under _______
supervision. |
community
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Community supervision includes: (5)
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i) Parole
ii) Probation iii) Conditional sentence iv) Statutory release v) Temporary absences |
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Gang related homicides are difficult to solve. Police were able to solve only _____ percent of such killings in 2006, compared to _____ percent of non-gang related homicides.
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45, 80
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There are an estimated ____ organized groups operating across Canada
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900
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Making murder an automatic _____ degree charge when it is committed in connection with a ________ organization.
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first, criminal
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First degree murder is subject to a mandatory sentence of ____ imprisonment without eligibility of ______ for 25 years.
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life, parole
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The term "______ ______" is commonly used to refer to the various types of organized reaction to behavior viewed as problematic.
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social control
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A criminal act can only be established once it is determined that it violates the criminal law and/or when the accused person is found guilty in a court of criminal law.
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True
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The Canadian criminal justice system can be said to have three main aims:
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i) To control crime
ii) To prevent crime iii) to maintain justice. |
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___________ refers to the differential treatment of individuals based on negative judgments relating to their perceived or real membership in a group.
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Discrimination
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Systemic discrimination:
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Discrimination existing in all aspects of the operations of our criminal justice system. i.e rates of arrest, type of charges laid,decision to prosecute or stay charges.
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Institutionalized discrimination:
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Disparities appear in the outcomes of decisions.
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Contextual discrimination:
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Arises from organizational policies within criminal justice agencies such as the police and the courts.
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Individual discrimination:
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Occurs when an individual employed within the criminal justice system acts in a way that discriminates against members of certain groups.
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Any city with more than ______ people are required to form and maintain its own police service.
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10,000
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Critics point to what they consider to be high __________ rates as an indication that institutions are failing to __________ offenders.
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recidivism, rehabilitate
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Our criminal justice system is based on the _________ of innocence of all defendants and is supposed to conduct itself in a manner that is fair, efficient, accountable, participatory, and protective of the legal rights of those arrested and charged with the commission of a criminal action.
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presumption
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The main purpose of arresting someone is to ensure that the accused _______ in a criminal court, in which that person's guilt or innocence will be determined.
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appears
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Another purpose of arrest is to _______ the commission of any further crimes. ____ or ________ a warrant, police officers can arrest a suspect for violating the law.
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prevent, With, without
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Judicial interim release hearing (bail hearing):
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Justice of the peace is expected to release the accused unless prosecutor supplies evidence to show either individual should not be released or that conditions should be attached to release.
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Those charged with first or second degree murder can be released on bail only by a _________ _________ judge
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superior court
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The purpose of a preliminary inquiry is not to determine the guild/innocence of the individual charged but rather...
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determine whether there is enough evidence to send the accused to trial
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In the Canadian Urban Victimization Survey the four most common reasons victims gave researchers for not reporting to police were:
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i) too minor
ii) the police couldn't do anything iii) inconvenience iv) nothing taken |