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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Who was the community psychologist that first describe the theory of the sense of community? |
Sarason (1974) |
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Who defined a sense of community as a feeling that members have belonging; members feel that they matter to one another and the group. |
McMillan and Chavis (1986) |
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is used in some circumstances as a synonym for growth. Can be good or bad when used without regard to consistency or consequences. Is a term related to enhancement, a certain kind of change in a positive direction. |
Development |
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A theory viewed as an open system |
General Systems Theory |
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Client is considered as a set of interacting elements that exchange energy, matter, or information with the external environment to exist (________) • The individual is a set of several dimensions- physical, psychological, social, and spiritual- that are interdependent and interrelated. • A geographic community is composed of a set of families. |
Katz and Kahn, 1966; von Bertalannfy, 1968 |
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Is based on the belief that learning takes place in a social context, that is, people learn from one another and that learning is promoted by modelling or observing other people. |
Social Learning Theory |
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The environment affects learning, but learning outcomes depend on the learner’s individual characteristics ( _______ ). |
Bandura, 1977 |
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FACTORS THAT AFFECT SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY (bandura) 1. _______ – skills, practice, self-efficacy 2. _________ (personal factor) – knowledge, expectations and attitudes 3. ______ - social norms, access in the community, influence on others and environment (ability to change own environment) ***this three is the determinants of human behaviour (determines human behaviour) |
BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS COGNITIVE FACTORS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS |
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• Provides the basis for much of the practice of health education and health promotion today • Key concepts and definitions of the HBM (Janz et al., 2002) |
Health Belief Model |
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Client’s perception • _______ - one’s belief regarding the chance of getting a given condition • _______ - one’s belief regarding the seriousness of a given condition • ______ - one’s belief in the ability of an advised action to reduce the health risk or seriousness of a given condition • ______ - one’s belief regarding the tangible and psychological costs of an advised action • ______ - strategies or conditions in one’s environment that activate readiness to take action • ______ - one’s confidence in one’s ability to take action to reduce health risks |
Perceived susceptibility Perceived severity Perceived benefits Perceived barriers Cues to action Self-efficacy |
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The HBM is based on the assumption that major determinant of preventive health is _______ A major limitation of HBM is that it places the burden of action exclusively on the client |
Disease avoidance |
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• Nancy Milio (1976) • National-level policy making was the best way to favorably impact the health of most people rather than concentrating efforts on imparting information in an effort to change individual patterns of behavior. • Proposed that health deficits often result from an imbalance between a population’s health needs and its health-sustaining resources. |
Milio’s Framework for Prevention |
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• Explores many psychosocial factors that influence individuals to pursue health promotion activities. • Pender’s model does not include threat as a motivator, as threat may not be a motivating factor for clients in all age groups. |
Pender’s Health Promotion Model |
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• Combines several theories of intervention • TTM is based on the assumption that behavior change takes place over time, progressing through a sequence of stages. • It also assumes that each of the stages is both stable and open to change. |
The Transtheoretical Model |
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The individual has no intention to take action toward behaviour change in the next 6 months. May be in this phase due to a lack of information about consequences of the behaviour or due to failure on previous attempts at change. |
Precontemplation |
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The individual has some intention to take action toward behaviour change in the next 6 months. Weighing pros and cons to change. |
Contemplation |
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The individual tends to take action within the next month, and has taken steps toward behaviour change. Has a plan of action. |
Preparation |
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The individual has changed overt behaviour for less than 6 months. Has changed behaviour sufficiently to reduce risk of disease. |
Action |
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The individual has changed overt behaviour for more than 6 months. Strives to present relapse. This phase is may last months to years |
Maintenance |
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Decisional balance
- The benefits of behaviour change - The cost of behaviour change |
Pros Con |
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• Developed by Dr. Lawrence W. Green and colleagues |
Precede-Proceed Model |
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Provides a model for community assessment, health education planning, and evaluation. |
Precede-Proceed Model |
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TRUE OR FALSE PRECEDE - stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation - used for community diagnosis |
True |
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• PROCEED - stands for Police, Regular, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development - a model for implementing and evaluating health programs based on PRECEDE. |
Policy, Regulatory |
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Two person involved in the PRECEDE – PROCEDE MODEL |
LAWRENCE W. GREEN MARSHALL W. KREUTER |
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PREMISE: the factors causing health behaviour are seen to be of three distinct kinds: |
Predisposing Enabling Reinforcing |