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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A patient is started on antiretroviral therapy for her newly diagnosed HIV infection. Which of the following regimens is a preferred regimen for initial HIV treatment? Answer AAtazanavir + ritonavir + emtricitabine + tenofovir BAbacavir + lamivudine + nevirapine CEmtricitabine + lamivudine + zidovudine + delavirdine DEtravirine + nevirapine + ritonavir + saquinavir ENone of the above |
AAtazanavir + ritonavir + emtricitabine + tenofovir |
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A HIV-positive patient with a history of poor medication adherence has a CD4+ count less than 50 cells/µL. He develops cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. Which medication should be recommended? Answer AFluconazole BValganciclovir CClarithromycin DNystatin ETrimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole |
BValganciclovir |
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Devin was started on antiretroviral therapy and had poor adherence. He was put into counseling and a patient support group. Despite intensive help, he was not able to demonstrate adherence with therapy. Devin has decided that forces other than medicine will decide if he lives or if he dies. Today his CD4+ count is 105 cells/µL. Choose the correct statements: (Select ALL that apply.) Answer ADevin should be restarted on HIV medications right away. BIt may be best for Devin to defer treatment until he is able to take the medicines as directed. CTaking medications intermittently will increase the risk of drug resistance. DDevin should receive prophylaxis to prevent Cytomegalovirus infection. EDevin should be educated on safe sex practices
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BIt may be best for Devin to defer treatment until he is able to take the medicines as directed. CTaking medications intermittently will increase the risk of drug resistance.
EDevin should be educated on safe sex practices |
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Which of the following medications are nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AFuzeon BViread CReyataz DEpivir EViramune |
BViread
DEpivir |
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Patrick requires prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia. Which medications could be recommended for prophylaxis ofPneumocystis pneumonia depending on the patients allergies? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer ATrimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Single Strength 1 tablet PO daily BTrimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Double Strength 1 tablet PO daily CClarithromycin 500 mg PO BID DMoxifloxacin 400 mg PO daily EDapsone 100 mg PO daily |
ATrimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Single Strength 1 tablet PO daily BTrimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Double Strength 1 tablet PO daily
EDapsone 100 mg PO daily |
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A laboratory technician had an accidental needlestick injury from a needle potentially contaminated with HIV. Which drug combination is the preferred regimen for post-exposure prophylaxis therapy? Answer AZidovudine + nevirapine BZidovudine + abacavir CRaltegravir + tenofovir + emtricitibine DZidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine EZidovudine + lamivudine + abacavir |
CRaltegravir + tenofovir + emtricitibine |
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RP comes into the pharmacy with a prescription for Viread tablets. What is the correct dose for a patient without renal impairment? Answer A100 mg PO daily B150 mg PO daily C200 mg PO daily D300 mg PO daily E400 mg PO BID |
D300 mg PO daily |
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A patient comes in to fill the following prescription: Atripla 1 tablet PO QHS. She also asks for a refill on her Sustiva tablets as she does not want to run out of her medicine. You should tell the patient which of the following? Answer AYou cannot fill them because there is a drug interaction. BHer medications will be ready in a few minutes. CYou fill them but tell the patient to separate the doses by 6 hours apart from one another. DYou cannot fill them because there is duplicate therapy of tenofovir. EYou cannot fill them because there is duplicate therapy of efavirenz. |
EYou cannot fill them because there is duplicate therapy of efavirenz. |
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A patient is prescribed Epzicom one tablet daily. Epzicom contains the following medications: Answer AZidovudine and lamivudine BEfavirenz and tenofovir CEmtricitabine and tenofovir DLamivudine and abacavir EAbacavir and zidovudine |
DLamivudine and abacavir |
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Ernesto has been on antiretroviral therapy for three years and has been compliant. His doctor recently noticed some side effects from the medicines he is taking. Ernesto is experiencing dyslipidemia, fat maldistribution and insulin resistance. These side effects most commonly occur with the following class of medications: Answer ANucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors BNon-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors CProtease Inhibitors DIntegrase Inhibitors EEntry Inhibitors |
CProtease Inhibitors |
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A patient is prescribed Atripla. Atripla contains the following medications: Answer ATenofovir, emtricitabine, and efavirenz BAtazanavir, ritonavir, emtricitabine CTenofovir, etravirine, and rilpivirine DAtazanavir, nevirapine, and delavirdine EEfavirenz, lopinavir, and ritonavir |
ATenofovir, emtricitabine, and efavirenz |
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A patient has been taking atazanavir, ritonavir, tenofovir and emtricitabine for the past two years. The patient is highly compliant and doing well on the medications. The patient understands that atazanavir should not be taken with this class of medications: Answer APhosphodiesterase inhibitors BBeta blockers CProton pump inhibitors DAnticholinergics ETricyclic antidepressants |
CProton pump inhibitors |
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Which of the following statements are accurate regarding Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)? (Select ALLthat apply.) Answer AThe entire class has a black box warning for pancreatitis. BThe entire class has a black box warning for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. CThey interfere with viral replication by binding to the catalytic site of reverse transcriptase. DThe entire class has a black box warning for lactic acidosis. EThey do not undergo hepatic transformation via the CYP 450 pathway. |
CThey interfere with viral replication by binding to the catalytic site of reverse transcriptase. DThe entire class has a black box warning for lactic acidosis. EThey do not undergo hepatic transformation via the CYP 450 pathway. |
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A pharmacist receives a prescription for Truvada. What medications are in this product? Answer AEmtricitabine + tenofovir + efavirenz BEmtricitabine + tenofovir + rilpivirine CZidovudine + lamivudine DZidovudine + lamivudine + abacavir EEmtricitabine + tenofovir |
EEmtricitabine + tenofovir |
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Which of the following medications should be taken on an empty stomach? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AAtazanavir BEfavirenz CDarunavir DRitonavir EDidanosine |
BEfavirenz
EDidanosine |
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Tanya comes for a routine clinic appointment today. She has HIV and has been stable on her regimen of darunavir plus ritonavir, lamivudine, and emtricitabine. Which of the following statements regarding ritonavir are correct? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer ARitonavir is used as monotherapy for treating HIV during pregnancy. BRitonavir is a strong inhibitor of 3A4 and 2D6 and has many drug interactions. CRitonavir should be taken on an empty stomach. DThe brand name is Norvir. ERitonavir can be used to increase the serum drug level of another, concurrently-used protease inhibitor. |
BRitonavir is a strong inhibitor of 3A4 and 2D6 and has many drug interactions.
DThe brand name is Norvir. ERitonavir can be used to increase the serum drug level of another, concurrently-used protease inhibitor. |
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JR, who is clinically depressed and self-medicating with St. John’s wort, was recently diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and was started on the following regimen: Prezista 800 mg + 100 mg ritonavir PO daily Truvada 1 tablet PO daily Allergies = sulfa (mild rash). Which of the following counseling points are appropriate regarding Prezista? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer ADiscuss with his doctor regarding his St. John’s wort as it may decrease the levels of Prezista. BTake on an empty stomach and swallow the tablet whole. CTake his Prezista with the ritonavir. DChanges in body fat may occur while you are taking this medication. EThe patient should be instructed to monitor for rash given his sulfa allergy and contact his doctor if occurs. |
ADiscuss with his doctor regarding his St. John’s wort as it may decrease the levels of Prezista.
CTake his Prezista with the ritonavir. DChanges in body fat may occur while you are taking this medication. EThe patient should be instructed to monitor for rash given his sulfa allergy and contact his doctor if occurs. |
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A pharmacist receives a prescription for Trizivir. What medications are in this product? Answer AZidovudine + lamivudine BZidovudine + lamivudine + abacavir CEmtricitabine + tenofovir DEmtricitabine + tenofovir + efavirenz EEmtricitabine + tenofovir + rilpivirine |
BZidovudine + lamivudine + abacavir |
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A patient is taking indinavir. Which of the following statements regarding indinavir are correct? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AThis medication can cause nephrolithiasis. Drink at least 48 ounces of water daily. BCapsules are sensitive to moisture; desiccant should remain in the bottle. CThe brand name is Invirase. DThis medication should be taken once daily. EThis medication interacts with many medications. Tell your pharmacist and/or doctor if you start a new medication, including herbal products. |
AThis medication can cause nephrolithiasis. Drink at least 48 ounces of water daily. BCapsules are sensitive to moisture; desiccant should remain in the bottle.
EThis medication interacts with many medications. Tell your pharmacist and/or doctor if you start a new medication, including herbal products. |
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A healthcare worker has started post-exposure prophylaxis therapy for a needlestick injury. How long should the patient take the recommended therapy? Answer A2 weeks B4 weeks C6 weeks D12 weeks E24 weeks
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B4 weeks |
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Which antiretroviral is available in intravenous formulation that is used to prevent perinatal transmission of HIV? Answer ASustiva BSelzentry CRetrovir DRescriptor EKaletra |
CRetrovir |
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A patient gave the pharmacist a prescription for Viread 300 mg po daily. Which of the following is an appropriate generic substitution for Viread? Answer ATenofovir BAtazanavir CEmtricitabine DEmtricitabine and tenofovir ENevirapine |
ATenofovir |
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Which of the following statements are true regarding CD4+ T-cells? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AOnce they fall below a certain level, there is an increased risk of opportunistic infections. BThey are commonly used to assess severity of disease. CThey serve as the primary marker for determining development of drug resistance. DThey are the primary target of the immune system by HIV. EThey are not needed for survival. |
AOnce they fall below a certain level, there is an increased risk of opportunistic infections. BThey are commonly used to assess severity of disease.
DThey are the primary target of the immune system by HIV. |
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A patient gave the pharmacist a prescription for Sustiva 600 mg PO daily. Which of the following is an appropriate generic substitution for Sustiva? Answer AEmtricitabine BEtravirine CEfavirenz DNevirapine EAbacavir
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CEfavirenz |
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HIV is a communicable disease. Transmission can occur by: (Select ALL that apply.) Answer ABlood BSemen CVaginal fluid DSaliva EBreast milk |
ABlood BSemen CVaginal fluid
EBreast milk |
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A patient with HIV has a CD4+ count of 93 cells/µL and is toxoplasma IgG positive. Based on CD4+ count, which of the following opportunistic infections should this patient receive prophylaxis against at this time? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer APneumocystis pneumonia BToxoplasma gondii CMycobacterium avium DCytomegalovirus ECryptococcus meningitis |
APneumocystis pneumonia BToxoplasma gondii |
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GH comes into the pharmacy with a prescription for Emtriva capsules. What is the correct dose for a patient without renal impairment? Answer A100 mg PO daily B150 mg PO daily C200 mg PO daily D300 mg PO daily E400 mg PO BID |
C200 mg PO daily |
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A patient gave the pharmacist a prescription for Isentress. Which of the following is an appropriate generic substitution forIsentress? Answer ARilpivirine BTenofovir CRaltegravir DTipranavir EMaraviroc
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CRaltegravir |
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Tammi comes into the pharmacy with a prescription for Sustiva. What is the correct dose of this medication? Answer A100 mg PO QHS B200 mg PO QHS C400 mg PO QHS D600 mg PO QHS E800 mg PO QHS |
D600 mg PO QHS |
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Max comes to the emergency department with a severe skin rash and epidermal detachment. He is diagnosed with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). He states he was recently started on some HIV medications. Which of the following medications is most likely the cause of his TEN reaction? Answer ANevirapine BDelavirdine CEmtricitabine DStavudine ETipranavir |
ANevirapine |
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JR, a 32 year old HIV positive male, is initiated on antiretroviral therapy. Which of the following protease inhibitor based regimens are considered first line therapy and are dosed once daily? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer ARaltegravir + lamivudine + zidovudine BAtazanavir + ritonavir + emtricitabine + tenofovir CDelavirdine + lamivudine + zidovudine DLopinavir + ritonavir + abacavir + lamivudine EDarunavir + ritonavir + emtricitabine + tenofovir |
BAtazanavir + ritonavir + emtricitabine + tenofovir
EDarunavir + ritonavir + emtricitabine + tenofovir |
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Barbara is at risk of developing Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Which of the following agents should be given to prevent this opportunistic infection? Answer AAzithromycin 1,200 mg PO daily BTrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 1 single strength tab daily CAzithromycin 1,200 mg PO weekly DClarithromycin 600 mg PO twice weekly ETrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 1 double strength tab daily |
CAzithromycin 1,200 mg PO weekly |
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Efavirenz is a preferred agent as part of initial antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. Which of the following statements concerning efavirenz are correct? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AA different agent should be chosen in women with high pregnancy potential. BA single combination tablet of tenofovir, emtricitabine, and efavirenz provides once-daily dosing. CThis medication should be taken with food. DIt is important to dispense this medication is the original container and protect from light. ECNS side effects usually dissipate after a few weeks in most patients. |
AA different agent should be chosen in women with high pregnancy potential. BA single combination tablet of tenofovir, emtricitabine, and efavirenz provides once-daily dosing.
ECNS side effects usually dissipate after a few weeks in most patients. |
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A HIV positive patient comes in complaining of yellowing of the skin, but is otherwise asymptomatic. Upon further review it was found the patient has asymptomatic jaundice. What medication is he likely receiving that is causing this side effect? Answer AReyataz BEmtriva CEpivir DPrezista EFuzeon |
AReyataz |
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LA is a 31 year old female who recently started antiretroviral therapy. Her medical record shows that 2 months ago she was found to be HIV positive (viral HIV RNA load of 140,000 copies/mL and a CD4+ count of 190 cells/µL) and started on antiretroviral therapy. She now presents with signs and symptoms of Pneumocystis pneumonia and immune reconstitution syndrome. How would you manage her Pneumocystis infection and immune reconstitution syndrome? Answer AStart treatment for Pneumocystis pneumonia and continue her current antiretroviral regimen. BStart treatment for Pneumocystis pneumonia and discontinue her current antiretroviral regimen. CStart treatment for Pneumocystis pneumonia and change her current antiretroviral regimen since it is not working. DDo not treat the Pneumocystis pneumonia and continue her current HIV antiretroviral regimen. The Pneumocystis pneumonia infection will resolve on its own with proper antiretroviral therapy. EStop all medications and treat with corticosteroids only. |
AStart treatment for Pneumocystis pneumonia and continue her current antiretroviral regimen. |
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A patient has a HIV infection and does not want to start drug therapy. Which of the following laboratory parameters would be expected to change over time as described below? Answer AThe viral load will decrease and the CD4+ count will increase BThe viral load will increase and the CD4+ count will decrease CThe viral load will increase and the CD4+ count will stay the same DThe viral load with remain the same and the CD4+ count will increase EBoth the viral load and the CD4+ count will decrease |
BThe viral load will increase and the CD4+ count will decrease |
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Which of the following HIV medications should be taken with food? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AEdurant BReyataz CPrezista DSustiva EAtripla
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AEdurant BReyataz CPrezista |
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A pharmacist receives a prescription for Complera. What medications are in this product? Answer AZidovudine + lamivudine BZidovudine + lamivudine + abacavir CEmtricitabine + tenofovir DEmtricitabine + tenofovir + efavirenz EEmtricitabine + tenofovir + rilpivirine |
EEmtricitabine + tenofovir + rilpivirine |
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A patient gave the pharmacist a prescription for Prezista. Which of the following is an appropriate generic substitution forPrezista? Answer ATipranavir BMaraviroc CEmtricitabine DDarunavir EFosamprenavir |
DDarunavir |
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A physician is considering starting abacavir on a patient diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following statements regarding abacavir is correct? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AThis medication can cause a severe hypersensitivity reaction. BPatients must be screened for the HLA-B 1502 allele. If positive, the medication should not be given. CWhen combined with lamivudine, the brand name is Truvada. DAbacavir is a protease inhibitor. EThe brand name is Ziagen.
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AThis medication can cause a severe hypersensitivity reaction.
EThe brand name is Ziagen. |
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In which of the following scenarios should antiretroviral therapy be initiated regardless of the CD4 count? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AA 21 year old asymptomatic women with confirmed HIV who is eager to start therapy. BPresence of an AIDS defining illness (e.g., Kaposi's sarcoma). CA 33 year old male who is co-infected with hepatitis C virus. D24 year old pregnant women with HIV. E49 year old male with HIV-associated nephropathy. |
AA 21 year old asymptomatic women with confirmed HIV who is eager to start therapy. BPresence of an AIDS defining illness (e.g., Kaposi's sarcoma). CA 33 year old male who is co-infected with hepatitis C virus. D24 year old pregnant women with HIV. E49 year old male with HIV-associated nephropathy. |
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Adherence is critical to successful antiretroviral therapy. When counseling a patient on his antiretroviral regimen, which of the following statements regarding adherence would be most accurate? Answer ATo achieve the best outcome, you must never miss a dose. If you miss a dose, resistance will develop, and we will not be able to treat your HIV. BEveryone misses doses occasionally. If you miss a dose or two every couple of days, it is no big deal as long as you double your dose on the days you missed. CEveryone misses doses occasionally; however research has shown to achieve the best control of your HIV infection, you should take 95 out of every 100 doses (or more) as prescribed by your doctor. DEveryone misses doses occasionally; however research has shown to achieve the best control of your HIV infection, you should take 75% of your prescribed doses. EAs long as protease inhibitors are boosted with ritonavir and all antiretrovirals are taken with food to facilitate absorption, missing doses becomes irrelevant.
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CEveryone misses doses occasionally; however research has shown to achieve the best control of your HIV infection, you should take 95 out of every 100 doses (or more) as prescribed by your doctor. |
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The primary care doctor of DJ, a 52 year old HIV positive male with a CD4 count of 142 cells/µL who has a history of hyperlipidemia treated with simvastatin and poorly controlled schizophrenia treated with ziprasidone, has decided to initiate antiretroviral therapy. Which of the following statements are true regarding initiating antiretroviral therapy and other supportive care in DJ? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AChange his simvastatin to pravastatin. BInitiate sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim for prevention of Pneumocystis. CConsider initiation of an atazanavir or darunavir based regimen as they are both preferred agents and less likely to be associated with hyperlipidemia. DConsider initiation of a efavirenz based regimen as it has the least effect on his psychiatric disease. EReinforce the importance of diet and exercise in the setting of hyperlipidemia.
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AChange his simvastatin to pravastatin. BInitiate sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim for prevention of Pneumocystis. CConsider initiation of an atazanavir or darunavir based regimen as they are both preferred agents and less likely to be associated with hyperlipidemia.
EReinforce the importance of diet and exercise in the setting of hyperlipidemia. |
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A pharmacist receives a prescription for Combivir. What medications are in this product? Answer AEmtricitabine + tenofovir BLopinavir + ritonavir CEmtricitabine + tenofovir + rilpivirine DZidovudine + lamivudine EZidovudine + abacavir |
DZidovudine + lamivudine |
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Which antiretroviral is most likely to cause anemia? Answer ALamivudine BFlucytosine CAbacavir DZidovudine EEfavirenz
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DZidovudine |
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What is a preferred ART regimen in a pregnant woman? Answer AEfavirenz + tenofovir + emtricitabine BLopinavir + ritonavir + zidovudine + lamivudine CEfavirenz + abacavir + lamivudine DTenofovir + lamivudine + zidovudine + ritonavir ENone of the above, pregnant women should not be started on ART |
BLopinavir + ritonavir + zidovudine + lamivudine |
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TW comes into the pharmacy with a prescription for Isentress tablets. What is the correct dose for this medication? Answer A100 mg PO daily B150 mg PO daily C200 mg PO daily D300 mg PO daily E400 mg PO BID |
E400 mg PO BID |
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A patient is started on Videx EC 400 mg daily. Which of the following patient points are appropriate for the pharmacist to review with the patient? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AThe generic name for this medication is didanosine. BThis medication should be taken on an empty stomach. CStore the medication in tightly closed bottles at room temperature. DCommon side effects such as fat redistribution, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin insensitivity. ERarely, this medication can cause severe liver problems and lactic acidosis. |
AThe generic name for this medication is didanosine. BThis medication should be taken on an empty stomach. CStore the medication in tightly closed bottles at room temperature.
ERarely, this medication can cause severe liver problems and lactic acidosis. |
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A patient comes to the pharmacy with a new prescription for emtricitabine. Choose the correct drug class for emtricitabine: Answer ANucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor BNon-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor CCCR5 Receptor Antagonist DIntegrase Inhibitor EProtease Inhibitor |
ANucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor |
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A pharmacist receives a prescription for Stribild. What medications are in this product? Answer AAtazanavir + ritonavir + emtricitabine + tenofovir BRaltegravir + emtricitibine + tenofovir CDolutegravir + rilpivirine + emtricitibine + tenofovir DElvitegravir + cobicistat + emtricitabine + tenofovir ERilpivirine + emtricitibine + tenofovir |
DElvitegravir + cobicistat + emtricitabine + tenofovir |
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A patient has been on antiretroviral therapy now for eight years. During the last clinic visit, the patient had signs of drug resistance on his laboratory work up. The CD4+ count was 350 cells/ µL. Which of the following medications should this patient be placed on to prevent an opportunistic infection (OI)? Answer ATrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole double strength should be initiated. BAzithromycin should be initiated. CValganciclovir should be initiated. DThis patient should not be started on any prophylactic medications at this time. ETrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole single strength should be initiated. |
DThis patient should not be started on any prophylactic medications at this time. |
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Which of the following statements are valid reasons for changing antiretroviral therapy? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer ADrug toxicities BNon-adherence to the regimen CAn undetectable viral load DVirologic failure EClinical cure of an opportunistic infection. |
ADrug toxicities BNon-adherence to the regimen
DVirologic failure |
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Wendy has a new prescription for Kaletra. Which of the following statements regarding Kaletra is correct? Answer AKaletra is a combination product of ritonavir and saquinavir. BKaletra oral solution should be taken with food. CKaletra has little risk of drug interactions. DKaletra tablets should be taken on an empty stomach. EKaletra is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. |
BKaletra oral solution should be taken with food. |
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Which of the following statement(s) regarding tenofovir are correct? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer ATenofovir can cause osteomalacia and lactic acidosis BTenofovir is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor CTenofovir can be used concurrently with didanosine DTenofovir is not dose adjusted in renal impairment ETenofovir tablets must be taken with meals. |
ATenofovir can cause osteomalacia and lactic acidosis BTenofovir is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
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The primary goals of antiretrovirals are to: (Select ALL that apply.) Answer ARestore and preserve the immune function. BSuppress HIV viral load. CDecrease CD4 lymphocyte count. DDecrease incidence of opportunistic infections. EReduce the risk of HIV transmission.
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ARestore and preserve the immune function. BSuppress HIV viral load.
DDecrease incidence of opportunistic infections. EReduce the risk of HIV transmission. |