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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
International Communications |
Communication that occurs across international borders, that is borders of national states
The cultural, economic, political, social and technical analysis of communication patterns and effects across and between nation states |
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Main Elements of International Communications |
Shring knowledge, ideas and beliefs among various people throughout the world Contributing factor in resolving global conflict and promotion mutual understanding Beyond govt to govt info exchange to include business to business and people to people |
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Propaganda |
A form of communication towards influencing the attitude of a population toward some cause or position Use of communication channels through known persuasive or manipulative techniques in attempt tp shape or alter public opinion a persons political, social and economic beliefs determine whether certain propaganda is acceptable or not |
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Public Diplomacy |
Term for propaganda operating at state level |
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Propaganda During WWII |
Nazi Germany was first to establish an extensive, well-funded global propaganda network of which the radio was the centerpiece
used to increase support for the war and commitment to allied victory
war used to dehumanize and create hatred toward supposed enemy |
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Agenda Setting |
Ability of the news media to influence the salience of topics on the public agenda
if news item is covered frequently and prominently audience will regard issue as more important
ex: strike resume in Gaza city july 8, 2014 |
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Framing |
How an issue is characterized in news reports can have an influence on how it is understood by audiences comprises a set of concepts and theoretical perspectives on how individuals, groups and societies organize, perceive and communicate about reality ex. 1% fat vs 99% non-fat
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Priming |
Media can make certain issues more accessible for people and thereby influence the standards they use when forming attitudes about international issues ex. seeing violence leads to violent actions |
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Powerful vs. Limited effects |
Researchers believed that media had very immediate and direct impacts on its audience
lasswell studied WWII propaganda and concluded that the media could be used to change habits
assumed audience is passive and uncritical |
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Hypodermic needle/bullet theory |
model of communications suggesting that an intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the receiver Not based on empirical findings from research but rather on assumptions of the time about human nature |
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Magic bullet |
theory graphically assumes that the media's message is a bullet fired from the media gun into the viewers head
Suggests that media injects its messages straight into the passive audience and the audience is immediately affected by the messages |
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International Communications after WWII |
V-J Day (victory over japan) August 14th, 1945 Unipolar
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Unipolar |
used to describe power structure when one superpower dominates alone end of cold war meant the previous decade's superpower rivalry ended no longer traditional east vs west conflict |
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Bipolar |
Used to denote the basic structure in the international system when it was dominated by two superpowers means that other states must ally themselves with one of the two powers which limits their room to maneuver and thus result in a more stable international politics bipolar balance of power rivalry between the east and west where fear and suspicion characterized the relationship btwn 2 major powers |
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Multipolar power |
system of multi power increases rivalry in world politics states are often uncertain of other states intentions which increases the probability of military action power balance constantly changing |
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Third World |
Capitalist --> soviet --> third world west vs third world new international economic order
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Macbride Commissions |
Current state of world communications problems related to free flow system monitoring role of NWICO role of media as educator |
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Soviet Propaganda during cold war |
heavy polemics about oppressions and imperialism in the post-colonial age, the message had a receptive ear moscow radio
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US propaganda during cold war |
VOA RFE/RL Radio Free Europe/Radio liberty |
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BBC during cold war |
British Broadcasting corporation percieved as more balanced international credibility able to indirectly criticize british govt |
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Wars in other countries |
Korean War (1950-53) Vietnam War (1959-73) |
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"Forgotten War" |
54,246 American Lives Lost Almost 5 million asian lives lost 69.5 billion USD spent on war |
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Internet |
emerged from US military research in 60s Establishment of World wide web in 89 reached an audience of 50 mil users in 3 years Innovations like Web reserved for western consumers or elites in periphery nations |
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Internet and Advertising/Entertainment |
Development of multiple platform strategies greater interactivity public discourse is assuming form of entertainment speed and quanitity of news is undermining quality emphasis on consumer journalism, sports, entertainment |
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Culture of Visuals |
Little patience for extended engagement with complex narrative structures of news |
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Social Media for Freedom? |
SM as a tool to oppress citizens Ex- vodafone must comply with governement requests SM- Gov uses SMS for pro-Mubarak messages |
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Benefits and Harms |
Slovic (2007) Psychic Numbing Numbers and Numbness Statistical lives vs Identifiable lives |
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Potential Benefits |
Imagery and Attention- Feeling- Helping |
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Potential Harm |
Perception of political activity: Clicktivism and Clictivist: the use of sm to promote a cause Info overload- desensitization- psychic numbing |
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Political Economy approach |
concerned with the underlying structures of economic and political power relations Rooted in Marx's critique of capitalism |