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43 Cards in this Set
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monochromatic
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color scheme built on one hue. hue variation makes many color options... slightly warm/cold, dark/light, etc.
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chroma
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saturation. pure color = high chroma. controlled by adding gray.
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spectrum
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the band of colors produced when sunlight is passed through a prism:red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.
also: electromagnetic spectrum - rays arranged high freq to low freq - includes visible light spectrum |
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intermediate color
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mixture of a primary and an adjacent secondary color
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intensity
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saturation. purity. chroma. etc.
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neutralized color
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aka tone. color + neutral? add black, gray or complement
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secondary color
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mixture of two primary hues. cyan, magenta, yellow (additive). orange, green, violet (subtractive)
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subtractive color
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not light... opaque surfaces that reflect light. surface colors, physical colors of PIGMENTS. primaries: RYB or CMY. secondaries: OGV
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color triad
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3 colors spaced equally apart on the color wheel. primary, secondary, or two tertiary options. triadic scheme usually uses pure hues of the triad, no mixtures. primary triad used most often.
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low-key color
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darkest hues and shades. lots of black.
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tertiary color
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mixture between primary and secondary hue. (name= primary + secondary)
Y+G=YG Y+O=YO R+O=RO R+V=RV B+V=BV B+G=BG |
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chromatic value
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hues have inherent values.... yellow is close to white, violet is close to black
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primary color
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components of all other hues
additive (light): rgb. subtractive (pigment): ryb or cmy |
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achromatic
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neutrals - black, white, gray. no chroma/hue. just value.
also sometimes low chroma, earth tones |
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high-key color
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light hues and tints. lots of white.
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analogous color
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2 or three neighboring hues on the color circle. they make up a color family. a simple color scheme
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simultaneous color
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color is relative to what surrounds it. the eye wants to see the complement of any given color, especially high-intensity colors.
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color tetrad
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scheme of four colors. either a square or rectangle inscribed in the color circle. when a square, it's two pairs of complements. less harmonious than schemes with fewer hues.
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hue
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specific wavelength from the spectrum OR a color, in its pure state, from the color circle
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additive color
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system relevant to colored light - basis for all other color systems. white is all hue wavelengths ADDED together. primaries: RGB secondaries: CMY
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complementary colors
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two hues located directly across from each other on the color circle. yellow-blue, magenta-green, cyan-red, etc.
additive complements absorb each other. |
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Wilhelm Ostwald
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German chemist. color system based on Herin's theories: three pairs (red-green, yellow-blue, black-white) = all colors. Ostwald's circle is weighted towards cool colors.
Also OStwald solid: color circle gradated to black/white |
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Albert Munsell
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American color theorist. created three-dimensional color tree which illustrated hsv all at once. core: white on top to black on bottom, colors radiate from center to full saturation
Also color circle w/ ten hues |
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Sir Isaac Newton
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English mathematician and physicist. project white light through prism and discovered spectrum of hues. definitively identified seven hues which could create all other colors.. First color circle.
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Joseph Albers
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German painter, educator, color theorist. Bauhaus School. book "the Interaction of Color" with color exercises. paintings 'Homage to the Square' explored color relationships
color interaction studies: make one color appear to be two colors by changing bg AND make two different colors look like one color |
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
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German poet. developed color theory based on subtractive surface color perception - ID'd color primaries as RYB. Made color circle based on laws of subtraction. Making connection between additive and subtractive. Also developed numerical scale of color proportion.
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Bezold Effect
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changing one single color causes multiple color shifts in a design. also affects relationships between colors. most noticeable in patterns.
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Color Harmony
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formation of a group of colors that visually unify in some manner. colors visually pleasing when grouped together. strategies for selecting colors... base hues. use layout of color circle as guide.
formal: three kinds: simple (achromatic, monochromatic, analogous) opposing/contrasting (complementary, cool/warm , double complement, split complementary) balanced (triadic, tetrad) keyed informal |
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value
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all perceptible levels of light and dark colors from white to black.
hue+black=shade hue+white=tint hues have different inherent values colors can be value-keyed - brought close to the same level |
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saturation
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purity/intensity/chroma/brightness
adding anything to a color lowers its saturation |
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Split Complementary Color Harmony
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three-hue color harmony. to find split complement, find actual complement and use two hues on either side
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Double Complement
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four-hue contrasting color scheme using two adjacent complementary pairs
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Color Temperature
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visual associations from our culture and environment make us feel that red is warm and blue is cold.
warm=light, heat cold=coolness, distance, shadow charted by color circle - each half, roughly; yellow-green and red-violet are borderline warm colors more dominant warm and cool contrast |
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color proportion
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based on the dissimilarities in saturation levels of pure hues, designed so that relative visual weights of pure hues can balance compositionally. originated by Goethe
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after image
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when our eye becomes tired or saturated with one hue, it produces its visual opposite/complement. usually only seen in controlled or extremely strong color situation. occurs due to fatigue in cones of the eye.
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principles of color interaction
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light/dark value contrast
complementary reaction or effect subtraction (a strong/dominant color will subtract itself from a smaller/less dominant color) |
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vibration
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complements in a coarse texture cause complementary vibration. the eye wants to see the colors simultaneously for visual balance, the colors seem to repel each other, causing an illusion of movement/vibration. strongest in red/green
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color dominance
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occurs when a single hue, value, or saturation is allowed to be preeminent in a composition, thus influencing all other colors.
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transparency
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actual: perception/use of transparent colored materials (glass, filters, acetates, plastic, etc.) light passes through transparent object that filters light wavelengths. watercolor, thinned acrylic.
simulated: two opaque colors overlap and seem to mix into a third opaque color. |
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gestalt
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a whole that is inseparable from its parts. our need for visual order causes us to perceive elements in cohesive groups (scale, color, shape, etc.) also, we 'fill in the blanks'.. implied line
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emphasis
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focal point, specific region of visual interest in a composition. not necessary. created through: contrast, isolation, direction
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symmetry
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formal balance/perfect balance - vertical, horizontal, diagonal axis. elements on each side perfectly equal.
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balance
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equal distribution of visual weight in art. symmetry or asymmetry or crystallographic or radial
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